Professional Kohler Engine Rebuilding, Buildups and Modifications

Decoding Kohler Engine Identification Numbers -

The Kohler K-series and Magnum engine model and serial numbers appears on a decal or metal tag that's attached or affixed to the flywheel shroud, on the carburetor side of the engine. If there's no tag or decal that originally came with the engine, or if the engine block was replaced with a replacement short block or if the flywheel shroud has been replaced, there's no way of knowing exactly what year the engine is. All you'll know is the year of the flywheel shroud itself. Decals/tags and flywheel shrouds can be swapped from one engine to another and there are no numbers or identification characteristics on the blocks themselves (except for the 10hp through 14hp engines has 9 head bolts, the 16hp has 10 head bolts and the 18hp is OHV). Therefore, the best way to find the size and model of Kohler engine is to remove the cylinder head and measure the bore and stroke. (Otherwise, they are like the small and big block Chevy V8's, there is no way of knowing for sure simply by looking at it on the outside.) Because a Kohler K241/M10 engine block can be bored and stroked to a model K301/M12, using the K301/M12 piston, rod and crankshaft, and a K301/M12 block can be bored to a model K321/M14 using the K321/M14 piston, rod and crankshaft. And the models K341/M16 blocks are in a class by themselves. There is no way to convert these into a bigger (model) engine by using OEM parts from other Kohler engines.

Bore, stroke and valve sizes of 4hp through 18hp single cylinder Kohler K-series and Magnum engines:

Engine Model (Horsepower)		K90 (3.6hp) K91 (4hp)	K141 (6¼hp)	K160 (6.6hp)	K161 (7hp)	K181/M8 (8hp)	K241/M10 (10hp)	K301/M12 (12hp)	K321/M14 (14hp)	K341/M16 (16hp)	K361 (18hp OHV)
Bore (STD)		2.375"	2.875"	2.875"	2.938"	2.938"	3.250"	3.375"	3.500"	3.750"	3.750"
Stroke		2.000"	2.500"	2.500"	2.500"	2.750"	2.875"	3.250"	3.250"	3.250"	3.250"
Cubic Inch Displacement		8.86	16.23	16.23	16.94	18.64	23.85	29.08	31.27	35.895	35.895
Valve Size (Head diameter)	Intake	1.262"	1-3/8"	1-3/8"	1-3/8"	1-3/8"	1-3/8"	1-3/8"	1-3/8"	1-3/8"	1-7/16"
	Exhaust	1.262"	1-1/8"	1-1/8"	1-1/8"	1-1/8"	1-1/8"	1-1/8"	1-1/8" (Early K321's) 1-3/8" (Later K321's and all M14's)	1-3/8"	1-13/32"

K-series and Magnum Model Numbers - (Decoding model number to determine basic description of engine.)

Example: Model K160
K = K-series engine | 16 = Cylinder displacement (approximate cubic inch) | 0 = before Kohler designated 1 is for a single cylinder.

Example: Model K161
K = K-series engine | 16 = Cylinder displacement (approximate cubic inch) | 1 = Single cylinder.

Example of Model K321PT
K = K-series engine | 32 = Cylinder displacement (approximate cubic inch) | 1 = Single cylinder | PT = Pump model/Retractable start (Version code below )

Another example: Model K301AQS
K = K-series engine | 30 = Cylinder displacement (approximate cubic inch) | 1 = Single cylinder | A = Narrow Base Block and/or Special Oil Pan | Q = Quiet Model | S = Electric Start (Version codes below Ê)

Example of Model M14PT
K = Magnum series engine | 14 = Horsepower rating @ 3,600 RPM | PT = Pump model/Retractable start (Version code below Ê)

K-series and Magnum Version Codes:

A = Narrow Base Block and/or Special Oil Pan B = Basic Engine C = Clutch Model

G = Generator Application P = Pump Model Q = Quiet Model (Quiet Line)

R = Reduction Gear S = Electric Start T = Retractable Start

ST = Electric Start and Retractable Start EP = Electric (Power) Plant

K-series and Magnum Serial Numbers - The first two or three numbers indicates the year engine was manufactured. The remaining digits of serial number are factory code (line/shift at factory when engine was assembled on that day). These numbers are for warranty purposes only.

K-series and Magnum Specification Numbers (Codes) - The three numbers and the letter following the first two numbers not shown above È) are the specific variation to the engine to meet OEM specifications. No information is available from Kohler to what these numbers represent. Engine model codes with a 4th digit of 5 or greater denote Magnum engines.

Code à Model 26, 27, 31......K91 (4hp) 28..................K161 (7hp; [large bore])

Code à Model 29.................K141 (6¼hp; [small bore]) 30.................K181/M8 (8hp)

Code à Model 46..................K241/M10 (10hp) 47..................K301/M12 (12hp)

Code à Model 60..................K321/M14 (14hp) 71..................K341/M16 (16hp)

By the way - The model numbers corresponding to Kohler engine models K90 / K91, K160 / K161, K330 / K331, and K660 / K662 are the same engines, respectively. Kohler changed the "0" to a "1" or "2" in the model number to indicate that it's a one or two cylinder engine. The History of Kohler Engines | eHow | Kohler Engines - RitchieWiki

Kohler K-Series and Magnum Single Cylinder Engine Specifications and Tolerances
(All dimensions in inches.)

Model and Factory-Rated Horsepower @ 3,600 RPM				K90/K91 4hp @ 4,000 RPM	K141 (6¼hp) K160 (6.6hp) K161 (7hp)	K181 (8hp)	K241 (10hp)	K301 (12hp)	K321 (14hp)	K341 (16hp)	K361 (18hp) (Over Head Valve)
General Information	Bore x Stroke			STD. 2.375" .010" 2.385" .020" 2.395" .030" 2.405" x 2.000"	6¼ and 6.6hp - STD. 2.875" 7hp - STD. 2.938" .010" 2.948" .020" 2.958" .030" 2.968" x 2.500"	STD. 2.938" .010" 2.948" .020" 2.958" .030" 2.968" x 2.750"	STD. 3.251" .010" 3.261" .020" 3.271" .030" 3.281" x 2.875"	STD. 3.375" .010" 3.385" .020" 3.395" .030" 3.405" x 3.250"	STD. 3.500" .010" 3.510" .020" 3.520" .030" 3.530" x 3.250"	STD. 3.750" .010" 3.760" .020" 3.770" .030" 3.780" x 3.250"	STD. 3.750" .010" 3.760" .020" 3.770" .030" 3.780" x 3.250"
	Cubic Inch Displacement			8.86	16.23 (K141) 16.95 (K161)	18.64	23.85	29.07	31.27	35.90	35.90
	Compression Ratio			6.6:1	5.93:1 (K141) 6.2:1 (K161)	6.8:1	5:1, 5.4:1 or 7.1:1 (See note 8)	6.2:1, 6.6:1 or 8.6:1 (See note 8)	6.6:1, 7:1 or 9:1 (See note 8)	7.3:1	9.2:1
	Operating RPM (maximum)			4,000	3,600	3,600	3,600	3,600	3,600	3,600	3,600
Balance Gear	Shaft O.D.	New		-	-	-	.4998" (min.) .5001" (max.)	.4998" (min.) .5001" (max.)	.4998" (min.) .5001" (max.)	.4998" (min.) .5001" (max.)	.4998" (min.) .5001" (max.)
		Wear Limit (maximum)		-	-	-	.4996"	.4996"	.4996"	.4996"	.4996"
	End Play			-	-	-	.002" (min.) .010" (max.)	.002" (min.) .010" (max.)	.002" (min.) .010" (max.)	.002" (min.) .010" (max.)	.002" (min.) .010" (max.)
Camshaft	End Play (See note 9)			.005" (min.) .020" (max.)	.005" (min.) .010" (max.)	.005" (min.) .010" (max.)	.005" (min.) .010" (max.)	.005" (min.) .010" (max.)	.005" (min.) .010" (max.)	.005" (min.) .010" (max.)	.005" (min.) .010" (max.)
Connecting Rod	Running Clearance (See note 9)		Big End Diameter (maximum)	STD. .938" .010" .928	STD. 1.1875" .010" 1.1775"	STD. 1.1875" .010" 1.1775"	STD. 1.5015" .010" 1.4915" .020" 1.4815" .030" 1.4715"	STD. 1.5015" .010" 1.4915" .020" 1.4815" .030" 1.4715"	STD. 1.5015" .010" 1.4915" .020" 1.4815" .030" 1.4715"	STD. 1.5015" .010" 1.4915" .020" 1.4815" .030" 1.4715"	STD. 1.5015" .010" 1.4915" .020" 1.4815" .030" 1.4715"
			Rod to Crankpin	.001" (min.) .0025" (max.)	.001" (min.) .002" (max.)	.001" (min.) .002" (max.)	.001" (min.) .002" (max.)	.001" (min.) .002" (max.)	.001" (min.) .002" (max.)	.001" (min.) .002" (max.)	.001" (min.) .002" (max.)
			Rod to Crankpin Wear Limit (maximum)	.003"	.0025"	.0025"	.0025"	.0025"	.0025"	.0025"	.0025"
			Rod to Piston Pin	.0007" (min.) .0008" (max.)	.0006" (min.) .0011" (max.)	.0006" (min.) .0011" (max.)	.0003" (min.) .0008" (max.)	.0003" (min.) .0008" (max.)	.0003" (min.) .0008" (max.)	.0003" (min.) .0008" (max.)	.0003" (min.) .0008" (max.)
	Rod to Journal Side Clearance			.010" (min.) .025" (max.)	.010" (min.) .025" (max.)	.010" (min.) .025" (max.)	.010" (min.) .025" (max.)	.010" (min.) .025" (max.)	.010" (min.) .025" (max.)	.010" (min.) .025" (max.)	.010" (min.) .025" (max.)
	Wrist Pin Hole I.D.			.5630" (min.) .5633" (max.)	.6255" (min.) .6258" (max.)	.6255" (min.) .6258" (max.)	.8596" (min.) .8599" (max.)	.8757" (min.) .8760" (max.)	.8757" (min.) .8760" (max.)	.8757" (min.) .8760" (max.)	.8757" (min.) .8760" (max.)
Crankshaft	Main PTO and Flywheel End O.D.		New (max.)	.9844"	1.1814"	1.1814"	1.5749"	1.5749"	1.5749"	1.5749"	1.5749"
			Wear Limit (maximum)	.9841"	1.1811"	1.1811"	1.5745"	1.5745"	1.5745"	1.5745"	1.5745"
	Crankpin	New (max./min.) (See note 9)		STD. - .9360"/.9355" .010" - .9260"/.9255"	STD - 1.1860"/1.1855" .010" - 1.1760"/1.1755"	STD - 1.186"/1.1855" .010" - 1.176"/1.1755"	STD - 1.4995"/1.5000" .010" - 1.4895"/1.4900" .020" - 1.4795"/1.4800" .030" - 1.4695"/1.4700"	STD - 1.4995"/1.5000" .010" - 1.4895"/1.4900" .020" - 1.4795"/1.4800" .030" - 1.4695"/1.4700"	STD - 1.4995"/1.5000" .010" - 1.4895"/1.4900" .020" - 1.4795"/1.4800" .030" - 1.4695"/1.4700"	STD - 1.4995"/1.5000" .010" - 1.4895"/1.4900" .020" - 1.4795"/1.4800" .030" - 1.4695"/1.4700"	STD - 1.4995"/1.5000" .010" - 1.4895"/1.4900" .020" - 1.4795"/1.4800" .030" - 1.4695"/1.4700"
		Wear Limit (maximum)		STD. .9350" .010" .9340"	STD. 1.1850" .010" 1.1840"	STD. 1.1850" .010" 1.1840"	STD. 1.4990" .010" 1.4890" .010" 1.4790" .010" 1.4690"	STD. 1.4990" .010" 1.4890" .010" 1.4790" .010" 1.4690"	STD. 1.4990" .010" 1.4890" .010" 1.4790" .010" 1.4690"	STD. 1.4990" .010" 1.4890" .010" 1.4790" .010" 1.4690"	STD. 1.4990" .010" 1.4890" .010" 1.4790" .010" 1.4690"
		Out of Round (maximum)		.0005"	.0005"	.0005"	.0005"	.0005"	.0005"	.0005"	.0005"
		Taper (max.)		.001"	.001"	.001"	.001"	.001"	.001"	.001"	.001"
	End Play (See note 9)			.004" (min.) .023" (max.)	.002" (min.) .023" (max.)	.002" (min.) .023" (max.)	.003" (min.) .020" (max.)	.003" (min.) .020" (max.)	.003" (min.) .020" (max.)	.003" (min.) .020" (max.)	.003" (min.) .020" (max.)
Cylinder Bore	Standard Size Cylinder Bore Diameter		New (See note 9)	2.3745" - 2.3755" (max.)	2.9370" - 2.9380" (max.)	2.9370" - 2.9380" (max.)	3.2505" - 3.2515" (max.)	3.3745" - 3.3755" (max.)	3.4995" - 3.5005" (max.)	3.7495" - 3.7505" (max.)	3.7495" - 3.7505" (max.)
			Maximum Wear Limit	2.378"	2.941"	2.941"	3.254"	3.378"	3.503"	3.753"	3.753"
	Cylinder Bore Diameter for Oversize Piston/Rings			.010" = 2.385" .020" = 2.285" .030" = 2.405"	.010" = 2.9475" .020" = 2.9575" .030" = 2.9675"	.010" = 2.9475" .020" = 2.9575" .030" = 2.9675"	.010" = 3.260" .020" = 3.270" .030" = 3.280"	.010" = 3.385" .020" = 3.395" .030" = 3.405"	.010" = 3.510" .020" = 3.520" .030" = 3.530"	.010" = 3.760" .020" = 3.770" .030" = 3.780"	.010" = 3.760" .020" = 3.770" .030" = 3.780"
	Maximum Out of Round			.003"	.003"	.003"	.003"	.003"	.003"	.003"	.003"
	Maximum Taper			.003"	.003"	.003"	.002"	.002"	.002"	.002"	.002"
Cylinder Head	Maximum Out of Flatness			.003"	.003"	.003"	.003"	.003"	.003"	.003"	.003"
Ignition	Spark Plug - Type and Gap		Type (See note 2)	RCJ-8	RCJ-8	RCJ-8	RH-10	RH-10	RH-10	RH-10	RH-10
			Battery	.035"	.035"	.035"	.035"	.035"	.035"	.035"	.035"
			Magneto	.025"	.025"	.025"	.025"	.025"	.025"	.025"	.025"
			LP/Propane	.018"	.018"	.018"	.018"	.018"	.018"	.018"	.018"
	Nominal Point Gap or Mark on Flywheel / Degrees BTDC			.020" or S mark / 20º	.020" or S mark / 20º	.020" or S mark / 20º	.020" or S mark / 20º	.020" or S mark / 20º	.020" or S mark / 20º	.020" or S mark / 20º	.020" or S mark / 20º
Model (Horsepower @ 3,600 RPM)				K90/K91 (4hp @ 4,000 RPM)	K141 (6¼hp) K160 (6.6hp) K161 (7hp)	K181 (8hp)	K241 (10hp)	K301 (12hp)	K321 (14hp)	K341 (16hp)	K361 (18hp) (Over Head Valve)
All Pistons	Service Replacement Sizes			ß .003" - .010" - .020" - .030" à
(K-series piston)	Thrust Face O.D. (See note 3)		New	2.371"/2.369"	2.866" (K141) 2.9297"/2.9281" (K161)	2.9297"/2.9281"	3.2432"/3.2413"	3.368"/3.365"	3.4941"/3.4925"	3.7425"/3.7410"	3.7425"/3.7410"
			Maximum Wear Limits	2.366"	2.925"	2.925"	3.238"	3.363"	3.491"	3.738"	3.738"
	Thrust Face to Bore Clearance (max.) (See note 1)			.0035"/.006"	.007"/.010"	.007"/.010"	.007"/.010"	.007"/.010"	.007"/.010"	.007"/.010"	.007"/.010"
	Ring End Gap (All 3 rings; see note 1)		New Bore (See note 10)	.007"/.017"	.007"/.017"	.007"/.017"	.010"/.020"	.010"/.020"	.010"/.020"	.010"/.020"	.010"/.020"
			Used Bore (Maximum) (See note 6)	.027"	.027"	.027"	.030"	.030"	.030"	.030"	.030"
	Maximum Ring Side Clearance			.006"	.006"	.006"	.006"	.006"	.006"	.006"	.006"
(K-series piston)	Thrust Face O.D. (See note 5)		New	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.7465"/3.7455"	3.7465"/3.7455"
			Maximum Wear Limits	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.744	3.744
	Thrust Face to Bore Clearance (max.) (See note 1)			-	-	-	-	-	-	.0030"/.0050"	.0030"/.0050"
	Ring End Gap (All 3 rings.)		New Bore (See note 10)	-	-	-	-	-	-	.010"/.020"	.010"/.020"
			Used Bore (Maximum) (See note 6)	-	-	-	-	-	-	.030"	.030"
	Maximum Ring Side Clearance			-	-	-	-	-	-	.004"	.004"
(Mahle piston)	Thrust Face O.D. (See notes 5, 9)		New / Used	-	-	2.9329" (min.) 2.9336" (max.)	-	3.3700" (min.) 3.3693" (max.)	3.4945" (min.) 3.4938" (max.)	3.7433"/3.7426"	3.7433"/3.7426"
			Maximum Wear Limits	-	-	2.931"	-	3.367"	3.492"	3.7406"	3.7406"
	Thrust Face to Bore Clearance (See notes 1, 9)			-	-	.0034" (min.) .0051" (max.)	-	.0045" (min.) .0062" (max.)	.0050" (min.) .0067" (max.)	.0062" (min.) .0079" (max.)	.0062" (min.) .0079" (max.)
	Ring End Gap (All 3 rings.)		New Bore (See note 10)	-	-	.010"/.023"	-	.010"/.020"	.010"/.020"	.013"/.025"	.013"/.025"
			Used Bore (Maximum) (See note 6)	-	-	.032"	-	.030"	.030"	.033"	.033"
	Maximum Ring Side Clearance			-	-	.006"	-	.006"	.006"	.004"	.004"
	Wrist Pin Outside Diameter (min.-max.)			.5623" - .5625"	.6247" - .6249"	.6247" - .6249"	.8591" - .8593"	.8752" - .8754"	.8752" - .8754"	.8752" - .8754"	.8752" - .8754"
Model and Factory-Rated Horsepower @ 3,600 RPM				K90/K91 (4hp @ 4,000 RPM)	K141 (6¼hp) K160 (6.6hp) K161 (7hp)	K181 (8hp)	K241 (10hp)	K301 (12hp)	K321 (14hp)	K341 (16hp)	K361 (18hp) (Over Head Valve)
Valves	Valve Head Diameter			Intake: 15/16" Exhaust: ?	Intake: 1-3/8" Exhaust: 1-1/8"	Intake: 1-3/8" Exhaust: 1-1/8"	Intake: 1-3/8" Exhaust: 1-1/8"	Intake: 1-3/8" Exhaust: 1-1/8"	Intake: 1-3/8" Exhaust: 1-1/8" (early) / 1-3/8" (late)	Intake: 1-3/8" Exhaust: 1-3/8"	Intake: 1.438" Exhaust: 1.400"
	Guide Reamer Size			.250"	.3125"	.3125"	.3125"	.3125"	.3125"	.3125"	.3125"
	Tappet Clearance (Cold) (See notes 4, 9)		Intake (min.-max.)	.005"- .009"	.006" - .008"	.006" - .008"	.008" - .010"	.008" - .010"	.008" - .010"	.008" - .010"	.005" - .008"
			Exhaust (min.-max.)	.011" - .015"	.017" - .019"	.017" - .019"	.017" - .019"	.017" - .019"	.017" - .019"	.017" - .019"	.010" - .012"
	Minimum Lift (Zero Lash)		Intake	.2035"	.2718"	.2718"	.318"	.318"	.318"	.318"	.318"
			Exhaust	.1768"	.2482"	.2482"	.318"	.318"	.318"	.318"	.318"
	Minimum Stem O.D.		Intake	.2478"	.3103"	.3103"	.3103"	.3103"	.3103"	.3103"	.3103"
			Exhaust	.2458"	.3088"	.3088"	.3074"	.3074"	.3074"	.3074"	.3074"
	Valve Head Margin			<- Minimum .030" Width ->
	Face / Seat Angle			45º / 46º	45º / 46º	45º / 46º	45º / 46º	45º / 46º	45º / 46º	45º / 46º	45º / 46º
	Guide I.D. Maximum Wear Limit (See note 1)		Intake	.005"	.005"	.005"	.006"	.006"	.006"	.006"	.006"
			Exhaust	.007"	.007"	.007"	.008"	.008"	.008"	.008"	.008"
			Lifter to Bore Clearance	.001" - .0015"	.001" - .0015"	.001" - .0015"	.001" - .0015"	.001" - .0015"	.001" - .0015"	.001" - .0015"	.001" - .0015"

NOTES -

Note 1 - Subtract O.D. of inner part from I.D. of outer part. Use the lesser clearance for a stock engine (up to 4,000 RPM), and the greater number for a higher RPM engine. Higher RPMs creates more heat due to friction, which causes greater expansion of parts. Note 2 - Champion spark plugs or equivalent. Note 3 - Measure just below oil ring groove and at right angles to wrist pin. Note 4 - 1,800 RPM generator sets at .005"/ 007". Note 5 - Measure 1/2" above the bottom of the piston skirt.

Note 6 - Top and center compression rings. Note 7 - Measure just below oil ring groove and at right angles to wrist pin. Note 8 - Compression ratio depends on which cylinder head is used. Note 9 - The lesser clearance is for a valve that have been ran for a while, and the greater clearance is for a fresh valve job. (As the valve and seat wear into each other, the clearance will be lessened.) Note 10 - The lesser clearance is for up to 3,600 RPM operation, and the greater clearance is for high RPM or wide open throttle operation.

Single Cylinder Kohler Magnum Engine Specifications and Tolerances (All dimensions in inches)

Model and Factory-Rated Horsepower			M8 (8hp @ 3,600 RPM)	M10 (10hp @ 3,600 RPM)	M12 (12hp @ 3,600 RPM)	M14 (14hp @ 3,600 RPM)	M16 (16hp @ 3,600 RPM)
General Information	Bore x Stroke		STD. 2.938" .010" 2.948" .020" 2.958" .030" 2.968" x 2.750"	STD. 3.251" .010" 3.261" .020" 3.271" .030" 3.281" x 2.875"	STD. 3.375" .010" 3.385" .020" 3.395" .030" 3.405" x 3.250"	STD. 3.500" .010" 3.510" .020" 3.520" .030" 3.530" x 3.250"	STD. 3.750" .010" 3.760" .020" 3.770" .030" 3.780" x 3.250"
	Cubic Inch Displacement		18.64	23.85	29.07	31.27	35.90
	Operating RPM (maximum)		3,600	3,600	3,600	3,600	3,600
Balance Gear	Shaft O.D.	New	-	.4998"/.5001"	.4998"/.5001"	.4998"/.5001"	.4998"/.5001"
		Maximum Wear Limit	-	.4996"	.4996"	.4996"	.4996"
	End Play		-	.002"/.010"	.002"/.010"	.002"/.010"	.002"/.010"
Camshaft	End Play (See note 6)		.005"/.010"	.005"/.010"	.005"/.010"	.005"/.010"	.005"/.010"
Connecting Rod	Running Clearance	Maximum Big End Diameter	STD. 1.1875" .010" 1.1775"	STD. 1.5015" .010" 1.4915" .020" 1.4815" .030" 1.4715"	STD. 1.5015" .010" 1.4915" .020" 1.4815" .030" 1.4715"	STD. 1.5015" .010" 1.4915" .020" 1.4815" .030" 1.4715"	STD. 1.5015" .010" 1.4915" .020" 1.4815" .030" 1.4715"
		Rod to Crankpin (max.)	.001"/.002"	.001"/.002"	.001"/.002"	.001"/.002"	.001"/.002"
		Rod to Crankpin - Maximum Wear Limit	.0025"	.0025"	.0025"	.0025"	.0025"
		Rod to Wrist Pin (max.)	.0006"/.0011"	.0003"/.0008"	.0003"/.0008"	.0003"/.0008"	.0003"/.0008"
	Rod to Journal Side Clearance (min.-max.)		.010" - .025"	.010" - .025"	.010" - .025"	.010" - .025"	.010" - .025"
	Small End I.D. (max.)		.6255"/.6258"	.8596"/.8599"	.8757"/.8760"	.8757"/.8760"	.8757"/.8760"
Crankshaft	Main PTO and Flywheel End O.D.	New	1.1811"/1.1814"	1.5745"/1.5749"	1.5745"/1.5749"	1.5745"/1.5749"	1.5745"/1.5749"
		Maximum Wear Limit	1.1811"	1.5745"	1.5745"	1.5745"	1.5745"
	Crankpin	New - O.D.	STD. 1.186"/1.1855" .010" 1.176"/1.1755"	STD. 1.4995"/1.5000" .010" 1.4895"/1.4900" .020" 1.4795"/1.4800" .030" 1.4695"/1.4700"	STD. 1.4995"/1.5000" .010" 1.4895"/1.4900" .020" 1.4795"/1.4800" .030" 1.4695"/1.4700"	STD. 1.4995"/1.5000" .010" 1.4895"/1.4900" .020" 1.4795"/1.4800" .030" 1.4695"/1.4700"	STD. 1.4995"/1.5000" .010" 1.4895"/1.4900" .020" 1.4795"/1.4800" .030" 1.4695"/1.4700"
		Maximum Wear Limit	STD. 1.1850" .010" 1.1840"	STD. 1.4990" .010" 1.4890" .010" 1.4790" .010" 1.4690"	STD. 1.4990" .010" 1.4890" .010" 1.4790" .010" 1.4690	STD. 1.4990" .010" 1.4890" .010" 1.4790" .010" 1.4690	STD. 1.4990" .010" 1.4890" .010" 1.4790" .010" 1.4690
		Maximum Out of Round	.0005"	.0005"	.0005"	.0005"	.0005"
		Maximum Taper	.001"	.001"	.001"	.001"	.001"
	End Play (See note 6)		.002"/.023"	.003"/.020"	.003"/.020"	.003"/.020"	.003"/.020"
Cylinder Bore	Inside Diameter	New (See note 6)	2.9370"/2.9380"	3.2505"/3.2515"	3.3745"/3.3755"	3.4995"/3.5005"	3.7495"/3.7505"
		Maximum Wear Limit	2.941"	3.254"	3.378"	3.503"	3.753"
	Maximum Out of Round (I.D.)		.005"	.005"	.005"	.005"	.005"
	Maximum Taper (I.D.)		.003"	.002"	.002"	.002"	.002"
Cylinder Head		Maximum Out of Flatness	.003"	.003"	.003"	.003"	.003"
Ignition (Solid State)	Spark Plug	Type (See note 2)	RCJ-8	RH-10	RH-10	RH-10	RH-10
		Gap	.025"	.025"	.025"	.025"	.025"
	Module Air Gap		.012"/.016"	.012"/.016"	.012"/.016"	.012"/.016"	.012"/.016"
Model and Factory-Rated Horsepower @ 3,600 RPM			M8 (8hp)	M10 (10hp)	M12 (12hp)	M14 (16hp)	M16 (16hp)
All Pistons	Service Replacement Sizes		ß .003" - .010" - .020" - .030" à
(K-series piston)	Thrust Face O.D. (See note 3)	New (See note 6)	2.9297"/2.9281	3.2432"/3.2413	3.368"/3.365	3.4941"/3.4925	-
		Maximum Wear Limits	2.925"	3.238"	3.363"	3.491"	-
	Thrust Face to Bore Clearance (max.) (See notes 1, 6)		.007"/.010"	.007"/.010"	.007"/.010"	.007"/.010"	-
	Ring End Gap (All 3 rings; see note 1)	New Bore (See note 7)	.007"/.017"	.010"/020"	.010"/.020"	.010"/.020"	-
		Used Bore (Maximum) (See note 5)	.027"	.030"	.030"	.030"	-
	Maximum Ring Side Clearance		.006"	.006"	.006"	.006"	-
(K-series and Mahle piston)	Thrust Face O.D. (See note 4)	New	-	-	-	-	3.7465"/3.7455"
		Maximum Wear Limits	-	-	-	-	3.7435"
	Thrust Face to Bore Clearance (max.) (See note 1)		-	-	-	-	.003"/.005"
	Ring End Gap (All 3 rings.)	New Bore (See note 7)	-	-	-	-	.010"/020"
		Used Bore (Maximum) (See note 5)	-	-	-	-	.030"
	Maximum Ring Side Clearance		-	-	-	-	.004"
(Mahle piston)	Thrust Face O.D. (See note 4)	New (See note 6)	2.9329"/2.9336"	-	3.3700"/3.3693"	3.4945"/3.4938"	3.7433"/3.7426"
		Maximum Wear Limits	2.9312"	-	3.3673"	3.4918"	3.7406"
	Thrust Face to Bore Clearance (max.) (See note 1, 6)		.0034"/.0051"	-	.0045"/.0062"	.0050"/0067"	.0062"/.0079"
	Ring End Gap (All 3 rings.)	New Bore (See note 7)	.010"/.023"	-	.010"/.020"	.010"/.020"	.013"/.025"
		Used Bore (See note 5)	.032" (max.)	-	.030" (max.)	.030" (max.)	.033" (max.)
	Maximum Ring Side Clearance		.006"	-	.006"	.006"	.004"
Wrist Pin	Outside Diameter		.6247" (min.) .6249" (max.)	.8591" (min.) .8593" (max.)	.8752" (min.) .8754" (max.)	.8752" (min.) .8754" (max.)	.8752" (min.) .8754" (max.)
Valves	Valve Head Diameter		Intake: 1-3/8" Exhaust: 1-1/8"	Intake: 1-3/8" Exhaust: 1-1/8"	Intake: 1-3/8" Exhaust: 1-1/8"	Intake: 1-3/8" Exhaust: 1-3/8"	Intake: 1-3/8" Exhaust: 1-3/8"
	Guide Reamer Size		.3125"	.3125"	.3125"	.3125"	.3125"
	Tappet Clearance (Cold) (see note 6)	Intake (min.-max.)	.006" - .008"	.008" - .010"	.008" - .010"	.008" - .010"	.008" - .010"
		Exhaust (min.-max.)	.017" - .019"	.017" - .019"	.017" - .019"	.017" - .019"	.017" - .019"
	Minimum Lift (Zero Lash)	Intake	.2718"	.318"	.318"	.318"	.318"
		Exhaust	.2482"	.318"	.318"	.318"	.318"
	Minimum Stem O.D.	Intake	.3103"	.3103"	.3103"	.3103"	.3103"
		Exhaust	.3074"	.3074"	.3074"	.3074"	.3074"
	Face / Seat Angle		45º / 46º	45º / 46º	45º / 46º	45º / 46º	45º / 46º
	Guide I.D. Maximum Wear Limit (See note 1)	Intake	.006"	.006"	.006"	.006"	.006"
		Exhaust	.008"	.008"	.008"	.008"	.008"
		Lifter to Bore Clearance	.001" - .0015"	.001" - .0015"	.001" - .0015"	.001" - .0015"	.001" - .0015"

NOTES:

Note 1 - Subtract O.D. of inner part from I.D. of outer part. Use the lesser clearance for a stock engine (up to 4,000 RPM), and the greater number for a higher RPM engine. Higher RPMs creates more heat due to friction, which causes greater expansion of parts. Note 2 - Champion spark plugs or equivalent. Note 3 - Measure just below oil ring and at right angles to wrist pin. Note 4 - Measure 1/2" above the bottom of the piston skirt.

Note 5 - Top and center compression rings. Note 6- The lesser clearance is for a valve that have been ran for a while, and the greater clearance is for a fresh valve job. (As the valve and seat wear into each other, the clearance will be lessened.) Note 7 - The lesser clearance is for up to 3,600 RPM operation, and the greater clearance is for high RPM or wide open throttle operation.

Kohler Twin Cylinder Engine Specifications for
MV16, M18/MV18, M20/MV20, KT17/KT17 series 2, KT19/KT19 series 2, K482, K532, K582

NOTES -

* Measure just below oil ring and at right angle to piston pin. *** 1,800 RPM Generator Engines .015" Spark Plug Gap and 16º BTDC Timing.

**** 3/8" Screw - 300 in. lb. ***** 5/16" Screw - 250 in. lbs.

- Identification of Most Commonly Used Grades of Bolts -

 1/4-20 (C)
 1/4-28 (F)
5/16-18 (C)
5/16-24 (F)
 3/8-16 (C)
 3/8-24 (F)
7/16-14 (C)
7/16-20 (F)
 1/2-13 (C)
 1/2-20 (F)
9/16-12 (C)
9/16-18 (F)
 5/8-11 (C)
 5/8-18 (F)
 3/4-10 (C)
 3/4-16 (F)

 70 in. lb. /  6 ft. lb.
 85 in. lb. /  7 ft. lb.
150 in. lb. / 13 ft. lb.
165 in. lb. / 14 ft. lb.
260 in. lb. / 22 ft. lb.
300 in. lb. / 25 ft. lb.
------------- 35 ft. lb.
------------- 45 ft. lb.
------------- 50 ft. lb.
------------- 70 ft. lb.
------------- 75 ft. lb.
------------ 100 ft. lb.
------------ 110 ft. lb.
------------ 140 ft. lb.
------------ 150 ft. lb.
------------ 200 ft. lb.

115 in. lb. / 10 ft. lb.
140 in. lb. / 12 ft. lb.
250 in. lb. / 21 ft. lb.
270 in. lb. / 23 ft. lb.
------------- 35 ft. lb.
------------- 40 ft. lb.
------------- 55 ft. lb.
------------- 75 ft. lb.
------------- 80 ft. lb.
------------ 105 ft. lb.
------------ 125 ft. lb.
------------ 165 ft. lb.
------------ 180 ft. lb.
------------ 230 ft. lb.
------------ 245 ft. lb.
------------ 325 ft. lb.

165 in. lb. / 14 ft. lb.
200 in. lb. / 17 ft. lb.
350 in. lb. / 29 ft. lb.
------------  30 ft. lb.
------------  50 ft. lb.
------------  60 ft. lb.
------------  80 ft. lb.
------------ 105 ft. lb.
------------ 115 ft. lb.
------------ 165 ft. lb.
------------ 175 ft. lb.
------------ 230 ft. lb.
------------ 260 ft. lb.
------------ 330 ft. lb.
------------ 350 ft. lb.
------------ 470 ft. lb.

165 in. lb. / 14 ft. lb.
200 in. lb. / 17 ft. lb.
350 in. lb. / 29 ft. lb.
------------  35 ft. lb.
------------  58 ft. lb.
------------  69 ft. lb.
------------  98 ft. lb.
------------ 110 ft. lb.
------------ 145 ft. lb.
------------ 160 ft. lb.
------------ 200 ft. lb.
------------ 220 ft. lb.
------------ 280 ft. lb.
------------ 310 ft. lb.
------------ 490 ft. lb.
------------ 530 ft. lb.

Model (Horsepower)		K90/91 (4hp)	K141 (6¼hp), K161 (7hp)	K181/M8 (8hp)	K241/M10 (10hp), K301/M12 (12hp) and K321/M14 (14hp)	K341/M16 (16hp)	K361 (18hp OHV)	KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, MV16, M18, MV18, M20, MV20
Connecting Rod Nuts/Bolts (See notes 1, 2, 3 and 4)	Posi-Lock (Flange Nut/Stud)	-	-	New 140 in. lb. / 12 ft. lb. Used 100 in. lb. / 9 ft. lb.	New 260 in. lb. / 22 ft. lb. Used 200 in. lb. / 17 ft. lb.			New 140 in. lb. / 12 ft. lb. Used 100 in. lb. / 9 ft. lb.
	Capscrew (Bolt)	140 in. lb. / 12 ft. lb.	200 in. lb. / 17 ft. lb.		285 in. lb. / 24 ft. lb.			-
Spark Plug		234 in. lb. / 20 ft. lb.	234 in. lb. / 20 ft. lb.		234 in. lb. / 20 ft. lb.			234 in. lb. / 20 ft. lb.
Cylinder Head Torque Sequences and Torque Values (See note 1)		15 ft. lb. / 200 in. lb.	15-20 ft. lb. / 180-240 in. lb.		25-30 ft. lb. / 300-360 in. lb.	25-30 ft. lb. / 300-360 in. lb.	25-30 ft. lb. / 300-360 in. lb.	15-20 ft. lb. / 180-240 in. lb.
Flywheel Retaining Nut or Bolt (See note 6)	5/8" or 3/4" Nut (See note 1, 6)	45 ft. lb.	50 ft. lb. (See note 4)		65 ft. lb.			-
	3/8" Bolt (See note 1, 6)	250 in. lb.	-		24-35 ft. lb.
Governor Bushing		80 in. lb.	140 in. lb.		110 in. lb.			-
Grass Screen	Metal	-	70 - 140 in. lb.		70 - 140 in. lb.
	Plastic	-	-		20-30 in. lb.
Oil Pan	Cast Iron or Aluminum (See note 1)	250 in. lb.	Grade 5 - 250 in. lb. Grade 8 - 350 in. lb.		35 ft. lb.			-
	Sheet Metal (See note 1)	-	-		200 in. lb.			-
Plastic Fuel Pump Mounting Screws		-	40 in. lb.		40 in. lb.

NOTES:

Note 1 - Lubricate fastener threads with motor oil. Note 2 - DO NOT overtorque - DO NOT loosen and retorque the hex nuts on Posi-Lock connecting rods. Note 3 - Overtorque 20%, loosen below torque value and retorque to final torque value. NOTE: Overtorquing rod bolts 20% places stress on the threads in a NEW aluminum rod. This allow for proper tightness so bolts won't loosen later. Used rods: Torque to 285 in. lbs. one time only.

Note 4 - To prevent rod bolts from loosening, install a split lock washer on each bolt and then torque to specs. Posi-Lock (flange) nuts doesn't require a lock washer. Note 5 - Prior to Serial No. 23209832 - 45-55 ft. lb. Note 6 - Flywheel and crankshaft tapers must be clean and dry.

Kohler Engine Service and Repair Manuals Contains all the information needed to disassemble, repair and reassemble your Kohler engine. By clicking the Download links below, a new website will open, containing the manual in PDF file format, which can be saved on your computer and/or printed out. NOTE: PDF files require Adobe Acrobat Reader, and use Google Chrome web browser for a faster download of PDF files and large web sites.
Kohler K-Series Single Cylinder K90 and K91 through K341 Engine Service Manual. Download Kohler K-Series Single Cylinder K361 (18hp OHV) Engine Service Manual. Download Kohler Magnum Single Cylinder M8-M16 Engine Service Manual. Download Kohler KT-Series Twin Cylinder KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, KT21 Engine Service Manual. Download		Kohler Magnum Horizontal Shaft Twin Cylinder M18, M20 Engine Service Manual. Download Kohler Magnum Vertical Shaft Twin Cylinder MV16, MV18, MV20 Engine Service Manual. Download Kohler Models K482, K532, K582 and K662 Engine Service Manual. Download Kohler Command CH18-CH25, CH620-CH730, CH740, CH750 Engine Service Manual. Download

The Differences Between the Old Kohler K-series and the Newer Kohler Magnum Engines -

The Magnum engines replaced the K-series in later years. The Magnum engines are basically the same engine as the K-series. The main differences are, besides the sheet metal that covers the block, the Magnum has solid state ignition, a fixed main jet (Walbro) carburetor and the starter fastens to the bearing plate instead of the engine block. And there are no provisions for using ignition points. Most of the external and all the internal parts are interchangeable, and most aftermarket (high performance) parts are interchangeable with either engine.

The Kohler Magnum engine models M10, M12, M14 and M16 can be used in any Cub Cadet garden tractor. The majority of the Magnum 10-16hp single cylinder engines have flanges at the base. Therefore, the block will need to be converted into a narrow base by cutting off the flanges on each side and then cut new threads in the holes in the block for the narrow oil pan. And the other parts that's needed are: a K-series large bearing plate with an upper mount gear starter (mounting bolts are below the starter motor), or a small K-series bearing plate with a starter/generator; a small or large diameter K-series flywheel with a matching flywheel shroud and sheet metal; and being there's no provisions for ignition points and no points lobe on the Magnum camshaft, Kohler's Breakerless Ignition or crank trigger ignition will need to be used. Also, because of the 3/8" flywheel retaining bolt, an aluminum clutch hub adapter with a 3/8" hole will need to be used, acquire a 5/8" to 3/8" reducer/step washer. (I make these.) Everything else should fit in the tractor with no problems.

Only eight models of the 10-16hp Kohler Magnum single cylinder cast iron block engines was manufactured as a narrow base. The specification numbers for these are as follows: M10, Spec #'s 461509, 461534 (Cub Cadet model 1050); M12, Spec #'s 471512, 471514, 471570 (Cub Cadet model 1210); M14, Spec #'s 601512, 601513; and M16, Spec # 711536. All other 10-16hp Magnum engine block specification numbers are a wide base.

To convert a Kohler K-series 10-16hp engine into a Magnum engine, the parts that's needed are: Magnum bearing plate; starter motor; flywheel (w/external magnet), plastic cooling fan, flywheel shroud/air baffles (sheet metal), plastic inner air baffle, and the solid state ignition coil w/mounting screws. (The support brackets for the starter are for mounting of the starter solenoid only. They do not support the starter motor whatsoever.) The Kohler points pushrod hole will need to be plugged with a Briggs & Stratton points plunger plug. And when installing the bearing plate, the cam pin hole will need to be sealed with Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant because the Magnum bearing plate won't cover it. By the way - I've always preferred to use Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant for three reasons: Due to metal warpage (which is unavoidable in most cases), gaskets don't always seal the irregularities and imperfections between mating surfaces, especially thin metal covers; being it's an adhesive, it bonds parts together, forming a leak-proof seal; and being it's clear, it makes for a clean and professional-looking repair job. It can't be easily seen or noticed between the parts.

And any Kohler Magnum single cylinder 10-16hp engine would be excellent to pull with. The only problem is, being these come with solid state ignition, with no provision for ignition points, if a steel flywheel is going to be used, a crank trigger ignition system will be needed, too. Also, the balance gears will definitely need to be removed because they could break, destroying the block and other parts. And then the rotating assembly (crankshaft and connecting rod/piston assembly) will need to be dynamically and precision spin-balanced to keep the engine from vibrating excessively due to absence of the balance gears.

Counterbalance gears does no good to install them. Most Kohler engines don't come with them and they do very little to help reduce engine vibration. When left out, the engine will not vibrate more than usual. Besides, being balance gears are made of cast iron and operate out of balance on a single needle bearing, they've been known to break and destroy the crankshaft, cam and engine block. I've seen this happen a few times. Therefore, I highly recommend leaving them out.

FYI - Solid state ignition provides a more stable spark for the ignition timing, but due to the smaller coil, it produces less voltage at the spark plug's tip. Battery ignition (points and condenser) on the other hand, due to the larger coil, produces a much hotter spark, but the ignition timing is less stable because the points are operated off the camshaft which has a tendency to "move around" a few thousandths of an inch, which effects ignition timing. One thing is lessened, and another is increased with either system. But crank trigger ignition offers a more stable and a hotter spark.

BUYER BEWARE! A word of caution before purchasing a used or [supposedly] rebuilt engine: Remove the cylinder head and oil pan (they're easy to remove), and then inspect the internal parts for damage and/or excessive wear. If the seller refuse to allow the engine to be internally examined, then perhaps it'll be best not to purchase it. Because once the seller has your money, all you might have is some scrap metal on your hands.

Why OEM Aluminum Block Engines Don't Work Well for High Performance/High RPM Competition Pulling - (Updated 2/2/17) Top of page

Most aluminum engine blocks will "bend and twist" just a few thousands of an inch when hot and under competition pulling stress and strain. Therefore, they'll lose valuable compression because the valves become unseated and the piston rings lose partial contact against the cylinder wall. Not to mention the main radial ball bearings are also put into a bind on the crankshaft when under the stress and strain of pulling. Click the picture below to see what can happen to a Kohler (117hp) Command V-twin engine when used for pulling. [The Brute Pulling and Breaking - YouTube] (Watch the video to the end.)

Referring to the pictures above, what caused the end cover (and perhaps the engine block, too) to break or crack is a gasket was used between the crankcase and end cover. Even if the bolts securing the end cover to the crankcase were torqued to specs, this made the cover dependent on the bolts only for rigidity, and the gasket acted as a cushion. Due to the stress of the crankshaft, which placed tremendous amount of strain and downward pressure on the end cover, the gasket allowed the cover to "move around" a few thousandths of an inch independently of the crankcase when under severe pulling stress. When the two metals were "moving around," this caused the gasket "flattened out," which allowed the bolts to loosen slightly. If a thin bead of silicone sealant was applied between the crankcase and end cover instead the gasket, (and the necessary thrust washers and shims installed to control the crankshaft and camshaft end-play) and the bolts torqued to specs, the end cover would have been more or less bonded to and have direct metal to metal contact (with the silicone to seal the irregularities and imperfections between the mating surfaces) with the crankcase, allowing the end cover to be much more rigid and less prone to breakage. Some non-professional engine builders are die-hard believers in the use of a gasket for a certain part, and this is the result of it.

Cast iron engine blocks on the other hand hold their shape a lot better when hot and under stress. Aluminum engines work best for conditions that doesn't place them in a lot of stress. Such as ATVs, racing go-karts, racing lawn mowers, etc. Because there's fresh air moving over the engine, keeping the metal cool, and the block isn't being strained by the vehicle pulling a heavy load. This is why the cast iron block Kohler engines work best for competition pulling. I think that Kohler is the best engine for pulling. They're the "Chevrolet" of garden tractor pulling engines (you know what I mean ). Because cast iron is able to "hold its shape," handle high operating temperatures, severe stress, high compression and at high RPM or at wide open throttle. This is why most riding mowers, lawn tractors and lawn and garden tractors have aluminum block engines. And most garden tractors have a cast iron engine block.

In addition, on the cast iron block single cylinder Briggs and Stratton and Tecumseh engines, the valve stems are parallel to the cylinder. This means that the valve heads set further away from the piston. And in the cast iron block single cylinder Kohler engines, the valve heads set closer to the piston (valve stems and lifters are angled 4°). Therefore, the other engines can't build up as much compression as Kohler engines can. Plus, they can't flow as much air in and out of the combustion chamber at high RPM or at wide open throttle, like Kohler engines can.

If the crankcase is building up too much air pressure in an OHV aluminum block engine, and blowing oil out the crankcase breather, then chances are, the cylinder heads are warped. This is a common thing with virtually all seasoned OHV aluminum block engines. The heads become warped between the pushrods because there's no head bolt there to apply pressure against the head gasket. To fix the warped heads, remove the heads, resurface them on a wide flat sanding belt or large diameter disc sander to remove the warpage and restore flatness. Be sure to clean the metal fragments from the heads, deburr the edge of the combustion chamber to prevent any hot spots, install the heads with new head gaskets, torque the head bolts to specs, and readjust the valves. Being the metal has already taken shape from normal engine heat for the first time, the heads should not warp again for the life of the engine.

Cast iron engine blocks on the other hand hold their shape a lot better when hot and under stress. Aluminum engines work best for conditions that doesn't place them in a lot of stress. Such as ATVs, racing go-karts, racing lawn mowers, etc. Because there's fresh air moving over the engine, keeping the metal cool, and the block isn't being strained by the vehicle pulling a heavy load. That's why cast iron Kohler engines work best for competition pulling. Because cast iron is able to "hold its shape," handle high operating temperatures, severe stress, high compression and at high RPM or at wide open throttle. This is why riding mowers, lawn tractors, lawn and garden tractors all have aluminum block engines. And most garden and larger tractors have a cast iron engine block.

The alternative to using a V-twin engine in a Cub Cadet garden pulling tractor is to use two flathead engines instead. It'll be best to install the engines side by side, and use chain drives to the [center] clutch/driveshaft. By installing the engines side by side, the overall wheelbase length would be much shorter, and more forward weight would be transferred to the rear tires for more traction. Otherwise, if the engines were installed in-line (one in front of the other), the tractor would be too heavy on the front, and not enough forward weight will be transferred to the rear tires.

These are the things that can be done to virtually any flathead twin cylinder engine to gain more power and torque:

1. Check that the cylinder walls are in good condition and not severely scored or worn. If they're in good condition, deglaze them, and if the pistons are reusable, install new piston rings.
2. If it's a Kohler engine model KT17 series 2, KT19 series 2, M18 or M20, leave out the cylinder-to-crankcase gaskets and apply Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant instead. Doing this should allow the pistons to come approximately .030" closer to the top of the cylinders, increasing the compression ratio slightly. By the way - I've always preferred to use Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant for three reasons: Due to metal warpage (which is unavoidable in most cases), gaskets don't always seal the irregularities and imperfections between mating surfaces, especially thin metal covers; being it's an adhesive, it bonds parts together, forming a leak-proof seal; and being it's clear, it makes for a clean and professional-looking repair job. It can't be easily seen or noticed between the parts.
   NOTE: Kohler engine models KT17 (series 1), KT17 Series II, KT19 (series1), KT19 Series II, and KT21 (snowmobile engine) all have a gear-driven gerotor oil pump, and use one of two types of pressurized lubrication systems. The series 1 engines use a pressurized SPRAY lubrication system. The moving parts receive oil that's constantly sprayed through drilled holes in an oil passageway in the block. The spray lubrication system could cause insufficient oiling to one of the connecting rod journals, which will eventually lead to connecting rod breakage. This is why the design was changed. The specification numbers for the series 1 models are: KT17 - Specification 24299 and lower. KT19 - Specification numbers 49199 and lower. KT21 - All specification numbers. The redesigned series II engines on the other hand, have a full pressure lubrication system, much like in a modern-day automobile engine. The crankshaft is drilled for oil passages, and the main bearings and connecting rod bearing surfaces receive full lubrication from an oil passageway in the block through the crankshaft. The specification numbers for the series II engines are: KT17 Series II - Specification 24300 and higher. KT19 Series II - Specification numbers 49400 and higher.
3. Perform a professional valve job. If it isn't already, regrind the intake valve faces and seats at a 30°/31° angles, respectively, and regrind the exhaust valve faces and seats a 45°/46° angles, respectively.
4. Set the valve clearances at .006" for the intake valves and .010" for the exhaust valves.
5. Resurface the cylinder heads on a wide flat sanding belt or large diameter disc sander to remove warpage and restore flatness, and to ensure proper head gasket sealing.
6. In each cylinder head, relocate tip of spark plug closer to exhaust valve. To do this, weld up the spark plug hole, bore an angled hole toward the exhaust valve, then cut threads and mill seat area able for installation of the spark plug.
7. Use full synthetic 10W40 motor oil. Full synthetic oil don't get hot like conventional (petroleum-based) oils do. It's more slippery and remains cooler even after the engine has been in operation for several hours to better protect internal parts for longer engine life. And I don't think it matters which brand of synthetic oil to use, because they all pretty much do the same thing.

FYI- Boring the cylinders to a maximum of .030" and installing .030" oversize pistons and rings will not help to increase the power much at all. It'll only add about 1/10^th of a horsepower with virtually no increase in torque. What increases engine torque substantially is giving the engine a longer stroke. (Click here for an explanation of why a longer stroke works better.) But these engines isn't capable of this.

Nothing else may be needed to be done to the engine, except for perhaps perform a professional tune-up. Or better yet, install electronic ignition. Also, many twin cylinder engines have inadequate valve clearances and this robs the engine of proper operation and valuable power. Set the valve clearances at .006" for the intake and .010" for the exhaust. After performing the tune-up and resetting the valve clearances, the engine should start quicker, idle better, accelerate with less hesitation and produce more power and torque at any RPM.

To perform a professional valve job on a twin cylinder flathead B&S or Kohler engine, the parts that will be needed are: two head gaskets, two crankcase breather gaskets, intake manifold mounting gaskets and valve stem seals (for intake valves only). New valve guides, especially for the exhaust valves, may also be needed. But that's to be determined once the valves are removed. A quality-made valve spring compressor tool is required to remove and reinstall the valves. The valve faces and valve seats angles are to be reground or recut at 45° (intake valve face for Kohler), 30° (intake valve face for B&S) and 46° (intake and exhaust seats for Kohler and exhaust seat only for B&S), 31° (intake seat for B&S), respectively. If you can't do this yourself, a local automotive machine shop can do it for you. You'll need to take the engine or tractor to the shop to have the valve seats reground or recut. Make sure they're reground or recut at the proper angle, too! And it'll be a good idea to have both cylinder heads resurfaced on a wide flat sanding belt or large diameter disc sander to remove warpage and restore flatness, and to ensure proper head gasket sealing. The head bolts can be reused. They rarely go bad.

And I wouldn't recommend using a cast iron block Kohler flathead engine on a motorcycle or any lightweight recreational vehicle. For reasons being, not only is the Kohler engines made of cast iron, which is extremely heavy compared to an aluminum block [V-twin or motorcycle] engine, the cast iron block Kohler are also flathead engines. They're designed for torque, or lugging power, and even if built to the max, a Kohler flathead would be VERY sluggish upon take-off and lack adequate power when accelerated, especially on hills. The vehicle would have to be geared so low, it wouldn't be any fun enjoyment or for practical use. This is why all (newer) motorcycles, ATVs, and other lightweight recreational vehicle engines have a short stroke (for speed), made of aluminum, with an OHV design, to be quick, lightweight and produce lots of power. Top of page

How to Convert a Kohler Command Pro V-Twin Vertical Shaft Engine into a Horizontal Shaft -

• Drill the oil drain-back holes in the corners of the cylinder heads near the valve train so the oil can drain back down in the oil pan.
• The oil pump must be changed (pickup tubes are different).
• The vertical shaft engine has no horizontal mounting holes on the block. (They are on the sump cover.) So a couple of L-shaped engine mounting plates must be fabricated to convert the block into a horizontal shaft and mount the engine in the tractor frame.
• Various holes in the block must be blocked off (drain holes are different, etc).
• The intake manifold, throttle linkage and carburetor will also need to be swapped.
• Everything else on the engine should work with no modifications. The PTO end of the crankshaft will be a little long, being it's made for a vertical shaft engine. But it'll still work just fine in the horizontal position.

FYI - The big price difference in horizontal vs vertical shaft engines is based on supply and demand. Equipment that require a vertical shaft engine are more plentiful, such as lawn mowers, riding mowers, etc. Therefore, whenever small engine equipment use a vertical shaft engine, this brings down the cost of production of the engine. Equipment that require a horizontal shaft engine are rare (nowadays). Therefore, the price on these engines are higher. Some manufacturers convert their products, such as logsplitters, for use with a vertical shaft engine. This allow them to sell their equipment at a lower price, due to the lower cost engine.

By the way - I don't build high performance V-twin engines and I know very little how to improve the performance of them because no one here in Missouri pulls them. The only contacts I have concerning V-twin engine builders and high performance parts are listed below Ê. Contact them and perhaps they can help you.

• Al Hodge Performance V-Twins. He modifies the Briggs & Stratton Vanguard V-twins for all types of racing and performance applications. Output ranges from 25 to 42hp. Modified engine weight is around 80 lbs. He supplies engines for some of the fastest Cushmans in the National Champion lawn mower racers, tractor pullers, Class Champion scale sprint cars, ATV's, hunting boat upgrades, etc. All of his engines are non-governed and include solenoid shift, high torque starters. Sorry, he doesn't have a manual or any printed literature....he offers cams, billet rods, high compression pistons, mega-valve machine ported heads, titanium valves, rev-kits, roller rockers, billet push rods, billet rocker covers, stroker kits, etc. Give Al a call @ 704-291-7825 Monday thru Friday 10:00 am until 4:00 pm EST. E-mail: pki@trellis.net
• R.P.M. - Rader Performance Motors When Performance Counts, Count on Rader Performance Motors! Services Include: Complete Engine Building - Stock, Stock-Altered and Kohler V-Twins Custom Flow Bench Water Brake Dyno Tuning = Maximum Horsepower Dyno Tested, Track Proven Performance Contact: Mark Rader | Phone: (740) 927-3312 | E-mail: RPMark@sprintmail.com.
• Frank Edwards of Galax, VA. Kawasaki water cooled V-Twin garden tractor high performance. Selling performance parts and building complete pulling engines. Call for details. 276-236-5305. E-mail: sdrawde@ntelos.net
• Lakota Racing ( http://www.lakotaracing.com/ )
• Midwest Super Cub ( http://www.midwestsupercub.net/ )
• Performance V-Twins ( http://www.performancevtwins.com/ )

How to Convert a Briggs & Stratton Twin Cylinder Flathead Vertical Shaft Engine into a Horizontal Shaft -

The parts needed to convert a vertical shaft twin cylinder flathead B&S engine into a horizontal shaft model are as follows. The parts below Ê must come off a horizontal shaft twin cylinder flathead B&S engine.

• Acquire an oil pan off a horizontal shaft engine (to replace the side cover).
• Acquire an oil dipstick and tube off a horizontal shaft engine.
• Acquire a side cover off a horizontal shaft engine (to replace the oil sump cover).
• Acquire an intake manifold, carburetor and governor linkage controls off a horizontal shaft engine.
• Install a steel oil dipper on each connecting rod to lubricate internal parts.
• Drill oil drain-back holes in the block for the camshaft and crankshaft bearings so the oil will lubricate these vital moving parts and drain back down in the oil pan.
• Everything else on the engine should work with no modifications. The PTO end of the crankshaft will be a little long, being it's made for a vertical shaft engine. But it'll still work just fine in the horizontal position.

To install a twin cylinder engine into a Cub Cadet, on the narrow and wide frame Cubs, the frame rails will need to be cut down for installation of an opposed twin cylinder engine. But the spread frame Cubs are made for the opposed twin cylinder engine. And a V-twin engine will fit in virtually into any Cub Cadet with few modifications. The frame rails shouldn't have to be altered either. Go here for an example of a V-twin that was installed in a wide frame Cub Cadet: http://www.smallenginewarehouse.com/RepowerItems.asp?Brand=Cub%20Cadet&Model=1000.

When rebuilding an aluminum block engine, remember - as an aluminum block and cylinder head get hot for the first time, they "warp" or bend and twist a few thousands of an inch due to normal engine heat. This is called block (and related parts) warping. In other words, the metal "takes shape." It's normal for new engine parts and unavoidable. So be sure to have the cylinder head and other parts resurfaced on a wide flat sanding belt or large diameter disc sander to remove warpage and restore flatness, and to ensure 100% gasket sealing, and bore the cylinder to ensure a 100% piston ring seal. After the parts get hot again, they should not bend and twist again. This is a one time deal.

How to Determine if an Engine Needs Rebuilding - (This information applies to most small engines, automotive, farm and industrial equipment engines.)

First of all, oil usage is controlled by the "snugness" of the piston in the cylinder or how cool the engine operates. The below Ê are things that can cause an engine to burn oil:

• Over-advanced ignition timing (past the 20° BTDC setting for gas).
• The [adjustable] high speed fuel mixture in the carburetor leaned out too much.
• A fixed high speed main jet Walbro carburetor used and the engine was operated above 3,200 RPM.
• Throttle shaft severely worn in the carburetor, creating a vacuum leak, leaning out the air/fuel mixture.
• Motor oil not changed regularly or too light of viscosity oil is used for warm weather.
• If the engine was ran with an excessively dirty air filter or without a quality air filter under dusty conditions.

Either or a combination of the above È will definitely cause an engine to overheat (except without an air filter), causing the rings to lose their tension against the cylinder wall, resulting in the oil being burned. I have seen all of these things happen to a good engine many times.

If someone tells you that an older cast iron block Kohler engine isn’t worth repairing or rebuilding and repowering your garden tractor or small engine equipment with a new engine is the way to go, then they obviously is lying to you, don't know much about older Kohler engines or is trying to make a lot of money by selling you a new repower kit. Most cast iron block Kohler engines will last 30-40 years before they need rebuilding. No small engine made nowadays will last that long. And if they do, chances are they are not worth rebuilding. The old cast iron Kohler engines can be rebuilt multiple times, as long as everything in it is rebuildable and not damaged beyond reuse. I think the older Kohler engines are the "Chevrolet" of small engines (you know what I mean ). If you do find an older Kohler engine, despite the condition it's in, just remember that it's worth repairing or rebuilding. It'll be like restoring an old Chevrolet (again, you know what I mean ).

Before the engine is removed from the tractor and disassembled (this is much easier to do on a platform work table), first, remove the cylinder head and observe the top of the piston. If it's 100% coated with carbon, then the piston rings are in good condition. But if there's oil present and some of the carbon is washed away around the edges, this means that the rings and piston are worn and need replacing, or the cylinder needs to be rebored for installation of a new oversized piston and rings assembly. But if the cylinder is max'd out at .030" and worn, it can be either be bored for an aftermarket (made to OEM specs) .040" oversize piston and rings assembly (only for the K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361 [OHV] engines), or sleeved back to STD size for all other Kohler engines. See my list of STD size, .010", .020", .030" and .040" oversize pistons and rings further down in this web site Ê.

The cap on a connecting rod is precision machined (honed) to form an absolute perfect circle to match the rod it is installed on. If a cap is swapped from one rod to another and then installed in an engine, chances are, the rod will be too tight or too loose on the crank journal. If an oil dipper breaks off the cap, another cap can be used on the rod, but the cap (and rod) would need to be precision honed to form a perfect circle again.

Now move to the valves. To test for leaking valves, with the cylinder head removed and the piston at TDC on the compression stroke (both valves fully closed), apply Liquid Wrench (spray) or WD-40 around each valve and then use [150± psi] compressed air to blow through the exhaust and intake ports. Wrap a rag around the air nozzle and place it snug against the port so full air pressure will be against the valve. If bubbles form around the valves when applying the air pressure, this means that the valves are leaking and a professional valve job is required.

To remove the engine from a typical IH Cub Cadet, first disconnect the battery negative terminal and disconnect all the wiring from the engine and fuel line if the gas tank is separate from the engine. Then remove the PTO clutch engaging linkage, remove the engine mounting bolts, then slide the engine forward so it'll clear the clutch disc or driveshaft, then lift the engine out of the tractor. This is much easier to do on a platform work table.

Now remove the oil pan and connecting rod cap. Observe the rod cap for scoring or burning. Replace or repair it if necessary. Also, the crankshaft journal may be worn and if it is, it will need to be reground to the next undersize. And have the crank journal measured or "mic'd" with an outside precision micrometer to determine if it's excessively worn. Dial or digital calipers can't measure a crank journal or anything else as accurately as a micrometer can. The micrometer measures more accurately because the beam section don't flex as much. Anyway, if the journal is worn, it can be reground to .010" and a .010" undersize plain aluminum [bearing] surface connecting rod can be used or the original rod can be bored for installation of .010" replaceable bearing inserts. But if the journal needs to be reground to .020" or .030", the rod will need to be bored for installation of matching bearing inserts. The only OEM rods available without a bearing are STD size and .010" undersize.

If the cylinder wall is badly scored or tapered, have it bored to the next oversize. The only pistons available for a stock engine are STD, .010", .020" and .030". But if the cylinder is max'd out at .030" and worn, it can be either be bored for an aftermarket (made to OEM specs) .040" oversize piston and rings assembly (only for the K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361 [OHV] engines), or sleeved back to STD size for all other Kohler engines. See my list of STD size, .010", .020", .030" and .040" oversize pistons and rings further down in this web site Ê. But if building an engine for more power, don't have the cylinder bored to a maximum of .030" if it doesn't need it. Because a .030" overbore won't necessarily give an engine more power. Having a longer crankshaft stroke increases the power.

The following specialty tools are required to disassemble and reassemble a Kohler engine. Most of these tools are available at auto parts stores and on eBay. Valve spring compressor Cylinder hone (if cylinder need not be bored) Piston ring compressor Two torque wrenches that reads in inch and foot pounds Quality-made automotive harmonic balancer puller to remove the flywheel Valve Lapping tool and valve lapping compound Feeler gauge to set the valve clearance, crankshaft end-play and camshaft end-play Multimeter set on Ohms resistance or test light and two small jumper wires to set ignition timing More sophisticated tools or tooling and machinery is required to perform machine work on certain engine components, such as: bore the cylinder; regrind the crankshaft journal(s); bore connecting rod for installation of replaceable bearing inserts; recut or reground the valves and seats; etc. In most cases, the valves can be reground. But if they're severely worn, they need to be replaced. I sell most of the parts required to perform a complete engine rebuild. Most common parts are: piston and rings, gaskets w/oil seals, valves, carburetor kit and tune up kit.

How Replaceable Bearing Inserts (Rod Bearings) Protect An Engine -

Due to the lack of or an insufficient amount of oil in the crankcase, or at high RPM or at wide open throttle with 100% petroleum oil, an ordinary aluminum bearing surface connecting rod will likely to burn the rod and score the crank journal, and if the engine is ran long enough with a loose rod, the rod will likely break, possibly destroying the engine block. But an engine with bearing inserts, if the oil is contaminated with dirt or metal shavings, or if the engine is ran low on oil, out of oil or if the wrong viscosity is used (too thin of oil for warm weather conditions or for high performance use), as the bearing inserts wear, they won't score the crank journal like an ordinary plain aluminum bearing surface rod will.

Bearing inserts are made with three layers of material: an outer steel shell for rigidity, then a brass underlayment, and then a thin layer of soft lead to protect the crank journal from severe stress at high RPM or at wide open throttle, plus the soft lead allow for small fragments of metal to become embedded into it to prevent wear to the crank journal. Bearing inserts can be safely reused as long as there's a layer of lead in the bearing. All lead-coated bearing inserts are considered high performance. Aluminum bearing inserts (used in various newer automotive steel rods) are high performance too, but only when used with full synthetic motor oil with a full pressure oil pump lubricating system. Aluminum bearing inserts have no lead coating and should NEVER be used in a Kohler engine that's going to turn faster than 4,000 RPM for a long period of time.

And if the crank journal is worn or scored (burned with melted aluminum build-up), it can be reground undersize and a matching undersize connecting rod or one with bearing inserts installed. Or the crank journal can be reground until it's perfectly round again, and if the old connecting rod isn't severely scored or burnt, it can be resized to fit the odd-size reground journal. This would save money from having to purchase a high-dollar undersize connecting rod or it's useful for engines when a new replacement undersize rod is no longer available. The rod would still be strong and should last a long time, too. (As long as the engine isn't revved too fast or ran out of oil.)

To resize the rod so it'll fit to a few thousands of an inch smaller diameter crank journal, first, metal is removed from the mating end of the rod cap, then the cap is fasten to the rod. The big hole in the rod is now oblong or "egg shaped." Then the big hole in the rod is honed until it's .002" larger than the diameter of the crank journal. Honing reshapes the hole into a perfect circle again, only smaller in diameter. This works very well and it lasts as long as an ordinary STD size rod and crank journal. This can only be performed on a rod with a good bearing surface. It cannot be done on a burnt or heavily scored connecting rod because too much metal would need to be removed. Also, if the crank journal is worn beyond .030" undersize, it can be welded up and reground back to STD size. There's lots of tricks that can be used to rebuild an engine. The rebuilt engine should last a long time, too.

In most cases, when an engine is ran low on oil or out of oil, a rod with worn bearing inserts will knock. If the rod starts knocking, turn it off immediately and replace the damaged bearing inserts, and then install the proper grade/weight of oil to the full level. Sometimes the bore in the rod can become oblong or "egg-shaped" after taking a pounding from worn bearing inserts. If this happens, a few thousandths of metal is removed from the rod cap, the cap torqued to the rod, and then the big hole in the rod can be precision-resized to the correct diameter for the bearing inserts with a connecting rod honing machine. If a new bearing is used in a rod with an oblong hole, the bearing may fit too tight on the crank journal, causing it to get hot while in use and possibly burn out from inadequate oil clearance. With bearing inserts, the crank journal may also wear, but most likely not wear. It'll also be wise to check the rod for stress cracks with a strong magnifying glass or better yet, a powerful microscope.

Most of the time, cleaning the burnt aluminum from a crankshaft journal won't work because the journal itself may be scored or worn. Therefore, it'll be better to have it reground to the next undersize and install a matching undersize connecting rod. Or if an undersize rod or replaceable bearing inserts isn't available, have it reground undersize (to wherever it "cleans up") and resize the connecting rod for proper fit.

If a crank journal is worn smooth (not gouged or scored) and if the original plain aluminum bearing surface connecting rod, or even a new plain aluminum bearing surface rod is installed, the rod might knock, but it may last for several years under general yard work or for stock tractor pulling (4,000 RPM). However, the dangerous vibrating harmonics in the loose rod could cause stress cracks in the rod, eventually leading to rod failure. Bearing inserts cushions the impact or extreme pressure the rod places on the worn journal, which lessens the harmonics, allowing the rod to last longer.

As long as the crankcase is full of oil (splash oil lubrication system) or adequate oil gets to the bearings (pressurized oil pump lubrication system), and as long as the bearing inserts have the proper oil clearance, they should hold up to unlimited engine RPM. If the correct velocity of oil is used, and if the crankcase oil is changed regularly, the bearing inserts should last the life of the engine. You'll also have more confidence knowing your engine has bearing inserts. Return to previous paragraph. È

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If you need any of the parts or services listed below Ê, please contact A-1 Miller's Performance Enterprises | 1501 W. Old Plank Rd. | Columbia, MO 65203-9136 USA | Phone: 1-573-256-0313 (shop) | 1-573-881-7229 (cell). Please call Monday-Friday (except Holidays), 9am to 5pm, Central time zone. If no answer, please try again later. (When speaking with Brian, please be patient because I stutter.) A-1 Miller's shop is open to the public from 9am to 5pm, including weekends (except Holidays). Please call before coming so I'll be here waiting for your arrival. Fax: 1-573-449-7347. E-mail: pullingtractor@aol.com. Directions to our shop | 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO - Google Maps or Map of 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO by MapQuest. Please click here to place an order.

Install STD size, .010", .020" or .030" undersize Replaceable Bearing Inserts in Connecting Rods for Kohler engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16, K361 M20 and MV20. Rods for the before mentioned engines can be bored and notched to accept bearing inserts. Even severely burnt, scored, or rods with a mismatched cap can be bored for installation of bearing inserts. Only USA-made Clevite CB278P/CB279P or Sealed Power 9885CP/9885CPA bearing inserts will be installed. All A-1 Miller machined connecting rods include notches to prevent bearing rotation in rod. No cheap Chinese-made bearing inserts ever installed! Please indicate diameter of crank journal for size of bearing inserts. (STD size, .010", .020" or .030" undersizes.) Also, rods can be center-bored for top of piston to come flush with deck, or bored .020"± offset for a .020"± piston pop-out at no extra charge. Clevite 77 or Federal Mogul Bearing Inserts. Available in STD size, .010", .020" and .030" undersize. $17.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Bore your rod only (customer supplies and installs own bearing inserts): $25.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Bore your rod and install our bearing inserts: $42.00 ($17.00 for bearing inserts + $25.00 labor to bore rod), plus return shipping & handling. Purchase one of our rods, bore rod and install our bearing inserts: Price of rod $? + $17.00 for bearing inserts + $25.00 labor to bore rod = $? total (see list of available rods and prices further down in this website Ê), plus return shipping & handling. NOTE: If a crank journal is worn beyond specs or badly scored/burnt,it will need to be reground to the next undersize to match the appropriate size bearing inserts. And if you want me to bore a rod for you, please let me know if you want the bearing insert centered in the bore of the rod (5.300" rod length; piston flush with top of block), offset .020" (5.320" rod length; safe to use with a milled OEM stock head and stock head gasket) or offset .060" (5.360" rod length; use with a non-milled OEM head and stock head gasket) to pop the piston out of the cylinder (see below Ê) to raise the compression and help improve air flow within the combustion chamber for more power and torque. The bearing inserts I install in Kohler 10-16hp flatheads and 18hp OHV K361 connecting rods can be used for general yard work, stock or high RPM competition pulling engines. The rod will need to be bored exactly 1.625" for proper bearing to journal oil clearance. NOTE: Being virtually all Kohler K241/M10 (10hp) pistons come within .020"± from the top of the block, which lowers the compression ratio. (The factory made them this way for reasons unknown.) I prefer to bore the K241 10hp rods .020" offset so the piston will come flush with the top of the block. This will allow the engine to produce a little more power. It won't effect the longevity of the engine or cause any problems whatsoever. But sometimes with the .020" offset, the piston will pop out of the cylinder a few thousandths of an inch, which will still hurt nothing. And the bore can be offset .040" for a .020"± piston pop-out. FYI - Before I machine a rod for installation of bearing inserts, I use a metal "plug" alignment tool that I fabricated to precisely align the big hole of the connecting rod with the centerline of the spindle in my milling machine. Then while the plug is in the rod, I firmly clamp the rod to the milling machine table and after leaving the big hole centered or moving the table so many thousandths of an inch offset for piston pop-out, I lock the table so it won't move in any direction while boring the rod. But for reasons unknown, sometimes the cutting tool will bore the hole in the rod slightly off-center toward one of the bolts or studs. When this happens, I simply grind a small notch on the outside of each bearing shell so they'll clear the rod bolt. I've talked to other machinists who bore Kohler rods also about this and they tell me sometimes the same thing happens to their rods. But as long as the outside of the bearing shells are notched for clearance of the bolt or stud, the off-center of the bearing inserts poses no problems whatsoever. And bearing inserts for the 10-16hp Kohler engines can be installed in Kohler models K482, K532 and K582 STD size connecting rods, but the crank journals would need to be reground exactly to 1.500" to match the inside diameter of the bearing inserts when installed in the rods. And for your information, STD size crank journals for the K482, K532 and K582 engines measures 1.6245".

Information About the Engine Governor (RPM Regulating) System -

All cast K-series iron block single cylinder Kohler engines come with what is called a throttle stop. It's a small piece of angled steel that's fastened under the lever where the governor spring and solid throttle wire is attached. If an engine doesn't have one, fabricate it out of 1/8" x 1/2" x 2" flat steel. Drill a 1/4" hole 1/2" from one end, and bend it in the middle 90 degrees, and install it under the lever. To limit an engine's RPM of an engine, either adjust the throttle stop so the lever bumps against it, set the governor spring ends in different holes on the [long] governor lever, adjust the throttle wire housing or the linkage.

By the way - Kohler's 23 coil governor springs works better than their governor springs with more coils when used on a 4,000± RPM stock pulling tractor because these maintain the RPM at a more steady pace.

If a stock engine runs with a "hunting" sound, and the governor lever moves side to side while running at around 3,600 - 4,000 RPM, and if adjusting the carburetor or adjusting the RPM doesn't fix the problem, then perhaps the governor gear/flyweights assembly is worn on its stub shaft, or the shaft itself is worn. This will cause the governor gear to wobble around on its shaft, which will cause the governor to oscillate. And the engine will run erratic. To fix this problem, the governor gear and shaft must be replaced with new ones, or a cast iron governor gear. (Nylon governor gears are known to wear more often than the cast iron ones.)

Most of the time, the governor gear itself will wear, but not the stub shaft. Because for reasons unknown, the moving part always wear more than the stationary part. (This happens with a lot of moving parts.) But sometimes the stub shaft will wear also. The best way to tell if the shaft is worn is to slide a new governor gear on it to see if it wobbles. And sometimes it's obvious if the shaft is worn just by looking at it.

How to Remove and Replace the Governor Gear Assembly in a Single Cylinder Kohler Engine -

1. Remove the internal rotating parts of the engine (crankshaft and camshaft).
2. Remove the governor gear retaining screw (the Phillips head screw that's on the outside of the block).
3. The governor gear can now slide off the stub shaft.
4. If the engine block is going to be thoroughly cleaned and rebuilt, be sure to remove and save the thrust washer that's on the governor gear's stub shaft! This special small, thin washer is made of either bronze or hardened steel for durability. It's required to prevent the governor gear from wearing into the block when under pressure. A lot of people are not aware of this washer because it may appear to be part of the block and it usually falls out and gets lost while cleaning inside the block. Use a sharp, narrow blade putty knife (gasket scraper) or pocket knife to slide it off the stub shaft to save for reuse. Click here if you need a new governor gear thrust washer.
5. Install the new governor gear assembly in reverse order of removal.

How to Replace a Worn Governor Pin (Stub Shaft) in a 6¼hp-16hp Kohler Engine -

1. Remove the governor gear as described above È.
2. There's no need to drill through and pry out the expansion/welch plug from outside the block! Instead, simply remove the cam gear cover, and through the cover opening, use a long 5/16" steel rod with a blunt end and medium size hammer to drive the expansion/welch plug from the block. The expansion/welch plug rests against a shoulder in the counterbore. Therefore, it MUST be removed from inside out.
3. Remove the exhaust valve spring, and going through the welch plug hole opening from the outside, use a 5/16" blunt punch and medium size hammer to drive the stub shaft from the block into the valve spring compartment.
4. To install the new stub shaft, either fabricate a driver from a 5/8" diameter solid steel rod having a 3/8" diameter x 3/8" deep drilled hole in one end, or use a quality-made 3/8" deep-well impact socket with a short extension and medium size hammer to drive the new stub shaft in the hole. Drive the new stub shaft in the hole until 11/32" or .345" protrudes from the block.
5. To reuse the welch plug and for it to install securely, place it over a 7/8" socket and use the ball end of a ball peen hammer to depress the center of the plug so it will become concaved (depressed center) enough until it fits the counterbore hole in the block.
6. Apply Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant in the counterbore hole and install the welch plug in the hole with the raised center facing outward. By the way - I've always preferred to use Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant for three reasons: Due to metal warpage (which is unavoidable in most cases), gaskets don't always seal the irregularities and imperfections between mating surfaces, especially thin metal covers; being it's an adhesive, it bonds parts together, forming a leak-proof seal; and being it's clear, it makes for a clean and professional-looking repair job. It can't be easily seen or noticed between the parts.
7. Use the hammer to flatten the welch plug so the diameter will expand and fit tight in the counterbore hole. Wipe away any excess silicone for a professional-looking job.

How to Set the Governor Speed Control - Top of page

The initial setting for proper operation of the governor for stable engine speed is first loosen the clamp nut on the governor lever and rotate the shaft counterclockwise with the throttle in the full throttle position. Then tighten the nut. After you start the engine, run it a full (governed) speed and select the hole in the governor that allow the engine to run at 3,600 RPM. All centrifugal governor assemblies are made of three parts: Regulating Pin, (2) Flyweights, Governor Gear, and Governor Gear Shaft.

A nylon governor gear works best if an engine will never run above 4,000 RPM. But if you're going to pull competitively with an engine and disconnect the governor to run the engine at wide open throttle, then it's best to install a cast iron governor gear. Because nylon could explode due to the increased RPM.

And if you've heard that by drilling a hole through the flyweights on the governor gear to lighten them will improve engine performance, well, first of all, the flyweights are made of extremely hardened material for obvious reasons. Therefore, there is no way to drill a hole through them. It's even hard to grind metal off of them. Besides, lightening the flyweights will not help to improve engine performance whatsoever. All it'll do is allow the engine to rev up more, nothing more.

If you want to do away with the governor, you must remove it entirely from inside the engine block. Otherwise, at high RPM, the flyweights that's attached to the governor gear (which is called the "governor spool") could cause the nylon spool to explode. Or, you could disconnect the governor link from the carburetor and wire the arm to the exhaust pipe. This will prevent the governor spool from being damaged at high RPM. But then you must fabricate a throttle linkage of some kind to activate the throttle on the carburetor. For safety reasons, install a steel flywheel and crankcase side shields on an engine with no operating governor!

If an engine revs with no closing of the throttle shaft, or surges, then the governor is either out of adjustment or a governor part is severely worn or broken. To set the governor speed control, first, install the governor parts, install the carburetor on the engine, connect all the throttle linkages, etc. in their respective places, then...

First thing to check is, on the 10-16hp Kohler engines, there's a tiny blind-end needle bearing (older models) or steel bushing (newer models) that's pressed in block opposite the governor cross shaft bronze bushing. Sometimes this tiny bearing or bushing will get pushed outward or fall out of the block when the cross shaft is jammed into something. If it gets dislodged from the block, it will need to be replaced. But if it just got pushed outward, it can be driven back in the block with a hammer. The end-play of the governor cross shaft needs be approximately .010". The end-play is set by driving the cross shaft and/or steel bushing back and forth with a small hammer until proper clearance is acquired. If the cross shaft has excessive end-play in the block, this will allow the flat lever on the shaft not make contact with the center button on the governor gear assembly, and when the engine is running, the flyweights could bend or break off the lever.

To set the governor speed control on Kohler single cylinder engine models K141, K160/K161, K181/M8, K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 or K361, with the throttle linkage connected from the throttle lever to the governor lever, block the throttle lever in the wide open position, and loosen the clamping bolt/nut on the governor lever, then rotate the governor cross shaft counterclockwise with ordinary pliers or locking pliers (Vise Grip) as far as it will go, and then securely tighten the clamping bolt/nut.

To set the governor speed control on Kohler twin cylinder engine models MV16, KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, M18, MV18, M20 or MV20, with the throttle linkage connected from the throttle lever to the governor lever, block the throttle lever in the wide open position, and loosen the clamping bolt/nut on the governor lever, then rotate the governor cross shaft clockwise with ordinary pliers or locking pliers (Vise Grip) as far as it will go, and then securely tighten the clamping bolt/nut.

Do not mistakenly rotate the governor cross shaft in the wrong direction until it stops, tighten the clamp and then run the engine! Doing this could cause the lever (see below Ê) to jam into the governor flyweights, breaking it off and/or possibly destroying the governor gear assembly.

NOTE: If the above È adjustment was attempted and the governor cross shaft rotates without stopping, this means the flat lever on the shaft has broken off. It can usually be found at the bottom of the oil pan or engine block. A broken off lever will allow the engine to operate dangerously at wide open throttle when throttled up. Or, if the governor cross shaft (the shaft that protrudes from the block) gets bent due to rough handling of the engine, and if it's not bent too bad, it can be straightened with a small hammer. (It's made of mild steel.) But if it's bent severely or if it's broken off, it must be replaced. If this happens, usually the bronze bushing will break also and it will need to be replaced, too.

To fix either of the above È, either a governor cross shaft that's in good condition can be installed, or the broken-off lever can be successfully TIG-welded or brazed with an oxy-acetylene torch back onto the shaft. To perform the repair of the governor cross shaft, the entire engine must be completely disassembled. This means EVERYTHING inside the engine block (crankcase) will need to be removed. And then the replacement or repaired shaft can (re)installed from inside the crankcase. But before the original shaft is removed, the bronze bushing on the outside must first be removed. The governor gear assembly doesn't need to be removed. The shaft lifts out from inside the crankcase and is installed in reverse order of removal. And it'll be a good idea to place a small bead of weld or braze to secure the flat lever to the shaft to prevent future breakage. (I think this is something that Kohler should have done originally.) I realize that this is a lot of work just to replace a small [important] part, but it must be done in this way. There is no other way to replace it. Before installing, apply clean motor oil or automotive grease on shaft for smooth governor action and less wear to shaft and/or bushing.

On rare occurrences, on Kohler engine models K241/M10, K3001/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16, K361 (18hp OHV) and the twin cylinder flathead engines, the hole in the L-shaped governor lever that clamps on the cross shaft will wear or the metal will stretch due to metal fatigue and not grip the shaft as tight as it should. With the lever clamped tight on the shaft, and the correct governor adjustment made, pressure from the flyweights on the governor gear and pressure from the governor spring act as two opposing forces (Newton's third law of motion), which will sometimes cause the shaft to literally slip in the lever. When this happens, the engine will run dangerously at wide open throttle when throttled up with no response from the governor assembly and no regulated governored-control speed at all. There are two ways to prevent this from happening...

• Option 1: Remove the L-shaped lever from the engine, remove the clamping bolt, place the lever in a bench vise, and use a hacksaw to widen the "clamping slot" so the clamp can squeeze the cross shaft much tighter when installed.
• Option 2: With the governor adjustment correctly made, place a small bead of weld on the lever and shaft (in other words, weld them together) so they will be positively bonded together. And if the lever and/or governor needs to be serviced or removed for whatever reason, just grind away the weld.

And that's all that's to it! You can also go here for further details and pictures: http://cubfaq.com/govadjust.html. But if doing the above È didn't fix the over-revving or surging problem, then perhaps the governor gear is damaged and/or the stub shaft is worn (wobbling around, which will cause throttle surging), the lever broke off the cross shaft (which will cause the engine to run at wide open throttle at all times), or the throttle plate retaining screws came out of the throttle shaft.

If the governor cross shaft has excessive side to side end-play, it can be snugged-up by simply tapping the steel bearing opposite end of the brass bushing with a medium size hammer. The bearing is located on the outside and toward the center of the engine block. This will drive the [press-fit] bearing further in the block to lessen the shaft end-play. FYI - the early bearings had needle bearings, and the later ones is made of solid steel.

And it doesn't matter how long or short the link between the governor lever to the throttle lever is because the governor is set by the clamp on the cross shaft. Actually, I don't know why Kohler made the link adjustable. It serves no purpose to lengthen or shorten it.

How to Set the Governored Top Speed RPM -

• To set the governored top speed RPM slower on the single cylinder K-series or Magnum engines, connect one end of the governor spring to one of the uppermost holes in the [reversed] L-shaped governor lever, and connect the other end of the spring in one of the lowermost holes in the short speed control lever that's fastened to the block under the carburetor or on the flywheel shroud (AQS models).
• To set the governored top speed RPM faster on the single cylinder Kohler K-series or Magnum engines, connect one end of the governor spring to one of the lowermost holes in the [reversed] L-shaped governor lever, and connect the other end of the spring in one of the uppermost holes in the short speed control lever that's fastened to the block under the carburetor or on the flywheel shroud (AQS models).

It's best to use a small engine tachometer to determine the exact RPM to prevent over-revving of the engine, which could cause the connecting rod to break. (Double the reading on the tachometer on engines with camshaft-operated ignition points.) The top speed governor limit for virtually any stock small gas engine is 3,600 RPM for an engine with a carburetor having an adjustable high speed main jet, and 3,200 RPM for an engine with a carburetor having a fixed/non-adjustable high speed main jet. For a stock pulling engine, set it at 4,000± RPM, or whatever the sanctioning rules require.

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If you need any of the parts or services listed below Ê, please contact A-1 Miller's Performance Enterprises | 1501 W. Old Plank Rd. | Columbia, MO 65203-9136 USA | Phone: 1-573-256-0313 (shop) | 1-573-881-7229 (cell). Please call Monday-Friday (except Holidays), 9am to 5pm, Central time zone. If no answer, please try again later. (When speaking with Brian, please be patient because I stutter.) A-1 Miller's shop is open to the public from 9am to 5pm, including weekends (except Holidays). Please call before coming so I'll be here waiting for your arrival. Fax: 1-573-449-7347. E-mail: pullingtractor@aol.com. Directions to our shop | 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO - Google Maps or Map of 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO by MapQuest. Please click here to place an order.

High Quality Inductive Handheld Small Engine Wireless Tachometer. For gas/spark ignite engines only. Very accurate. This handheld analog tachometer works great for checking/setting the RPM on various small engines in the shop, and/or for checking/setting the RPM [tech] on stock governored engines at pulling events, ATVs/UTVS, etc. Hold sensor (antenna) close to spark plug wire for reading. Operates off a self-contained replaceable 9 volt battery. Has built-in battery voltage check. Reads up to 5,000 RPM on the low scale, and 15,000 RPM on the high scale. $85.00 each, plus shipping & handling.

High Quality Inductive Small Engine Tachometer and Hour Meter. For gas/spark ignite engines only. Very accurate. Large 3/8 inch digital LCD display. Works with all spark ignition engines by selecting engine type using S1 and S2 buttons. Instructions included. Tachometer reads up to 99,999 RPM. Hour meter reads up to 9999:59 hours/minutes then resets to Zero. Programmable maintenance hour setting with service icon, a reminder when to change oil or other service. Can be manually reset to Zero hours. Single wire wraps around spark plug wire and secured with two supplied nylon zip-ties. Tachometer can be surface-mounted and secured with two screws. Has built-in battery rated up to 4 years. Sealed unit; weather and water resistant. Dimensions: 2" wide x 1-3/4" depth x 3/4" height. $20.00 each, plus shipping & handling.

High Quality Tachometer/Proximity Sensor Kits. Will work with small engines or automotive engines, gas or diesel. This precision digital tachometer is triggered by the same method as crank trigger ignition with a detector/trigger target, which can be a small ferrous steel screw or pin, or magnet in a rotating disc or on flywheel. A sturdy steel or aluminum bracket will need to be fabricated by customer to mount the sensor in close proximity of the detector/trigger target. Set clearance (air gap) at .020"-.060". Tachometer can be dash- or panel-mounted. Tachometer works with 8-24 volts DC, proximity sensors works with 6-36 volts DC. Displays up to 9,999 RPM. Very accurate. Wiring Instructions: #1 wire on tachometer connects to brown wire on (either) proximity sensor and ignition switch (battery positive (+) post), #2 wire on tachometer connects to blue wire on (either) proximity sensor and engine/chassis ground (battery negative (–) post), and #5 wire on tachometer connects to black wire on (either) proximity sensor. Wires #3 and #4 connects to nothing. Tachometer returns to zero [0000] when power is turned off. Choice of RED or BLUE numeric display. Complete Kit with Hall Effect (magnet detection) Proximity Sensor. $22.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Complete Kit with Inductive (ferrous metal detection) Proximity Sensor. $25.00 each, plus shipping & handling.

Nylon Governor Gear Assemblies for general yard and garden work. Also suitable for 4,000± RPM competition pulling engines. Fits Kohler engine models K141, K160/K161, K181/M8, K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16, KT17/KT17 series 2, KT19/KT19 series 2, MV16, M18, MV18, M20 and MV20. Used and in excellent condition. $20.00 each, plus shipping and handling. (When available.) New. OEM Kohler part # A-235743-S. $46.61 each, plus shipping and handling.

Nylon Governor Gear Assemblies designed specifically for Kohler engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14 and K341/M16 used with a generator and/or welding unit. Has lightweight, offset flyweights. Maintains engine RPM at a more steady pace and recovers engine RPM quickly when under a load. Also works great for a 4,000± RPM competition pulling engine. Used and in excellent condition. $60.00 each, plus shipping and handling. (When available.) New. OEM Kohler part # A-236294-S. $135.55 each, plus shipping and handling.

Cast Iron Governor Gear Assembly. Recommended for high RPM or wide open throttle competition pulling engines. Will not explode like the nylon governor gears sometimes do. (Kohler never made a steel governor gear.) Fits Kohler engine models K141, K160/K161, K181/M8, K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16, KT17/KT17 series 2, KT19/KT19 series 2, MV16, M18, MV18, M20 and MV20. Used and in excellent condition. Discontinued from Kohler. OEM Kohler part # A-237031-S. $40.00 each, plus shipping and handling. (When available.)

Governor Stop Pin. Prevents governor gear from coming off stub shaft. Replace worn or damaged governor stop pin. Used and in excellent condition. $3.00 each, plus shipping and handling. (When available.) New. OEM Kohler part #231355-S. $6.05 each, plus shipping and handling.

Thrust Washers for Nylon or Cast Iron Governor Gears. Each measures 3/8" i.d. x 5/8" o.d. NOTE: A hardened thrust washer is required to prevent the governor gear from wearing into the block when under pressure. A lot of people are not aware of this small, thin washer and it usually falls out and gets lost while cleaning inside the block. High quality aftermarket. Hardened Steel. Recommended for nylon governor gears. $1.00 each, plus shipping & handling. High quality aftermarket. Bronze. Recommended for cast iron governor gears. $1.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 237022-S. (Hardened steel.) $4.15 each, plus shipping & handling.

Governor Gear Stub Shafts for Kohler engine models K141, K160/K161, K181 and M8. Dimensions: 3/8" diameter x .625" length. Each is press-fit into block. NOTE: Drive the new stub shaft in the hole until 11/32" or .345" protrudes from the block. High quality aftermarket. Precision ground, heat-treated alloy steel. $10.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 230125-S. $23.15 each, plus shipping & handling. Governor Gear Stub Shafts for Kohler engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16, K361 and all KT-series & Magnum twin cylinder flathead engines. Dimensions: 3/8" diameter x .815" length. Each is press-fit into block. NOTE: Drive each stub shaft in the hole until 11/32" or .345" protrudes from the block. The aftermarket stub shaft is longer than the OEM Kohler stub shaft. When installed at its 11/32" or .345" protruding length, a short portion of the other end will protrude into the valve spring compartment, which hurts nothing. High quality aftermarket. Precision ground, heat-treated alloy steel. $10.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 235125-S. $48.45 each, plus shipping & handling.

1-1/8" Diameter Steel Expansion/Welch Plugs to block access to governor gear stub shaft. Concave/dish-shaped, not cup-shaped. Expands and flattens out with medium size ball peen hammer when installed in counterbore hole with clear RTV silicone adhesive sealant. Return To Previous Paragraph or Section High quality aftermarket. $1.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # X-230-11-S. $1.57 each, plus shipping and handling.

Governor cross shafts for Kohler engine models K141, K160/K161 and K181/M8. New shaft includes thrust washer. The lever on these rarely break. NOTE: Before installing, apply clean motor oil or automotive grease on shaft for smooth governor action and less wear to shaft and/or bushing. OEM Kohler part # 230540-S. Used and not welded. $20.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Used and welded. $25.00 each, plus shipping & handling. New and not welded. $57.65 each, plus shipping & handling. New and welded. $62.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Steel Thrust Washer for governor cross shaft above È. High quality aftermarket. .50¢ each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # X-25-58-S. $1.90 each, plus shipping & handling. Governor cross shafts for Kohler engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361. New shaft includes steel spacer. NOTE: Before installing, apply clean motor oil or automotive grease on shaft for smooth governor action and less wear to shaft and/or bushing. OEM Kohler part # A-235256-S. Used and not welded. $10.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Used and welded. $15.00 each, plus shipping & handling. New and not welded. $24.60 each, plus shipping & handling. New and welded. $30.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Steel Spacer for governor cross shaft above È. INSTALLATION NOTE: The spacer goes between the lever on the cross shaft and governor shaft bushing (that threads in the block). The spacer installs on the cross shaft from outside the block, then the bushing goes on next. Its purpose is to keep the lever centered with the governor gear. High quality aftermarket. $1.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 25 112 17-S. $4.50 each, plus shipping & handling.

New Bronze Governor Shaft Bushings with or without a snug-fitting Neoprene Rubber Oil Seal installed in machined counterbore to keep dust and dirt/debris out (which wears the bushing) and prevent film of oily mess on side of engine. (Vacuum within crankcase due to upward stroke of piston draws in dust, dirt/debris, which attach to the oil in bushing, and pressure from the downward stroke of piston blows out a fine mist of oil, in overtime, builds up on outside of engine.) Seal fits snug in bushing and on shaft, and has no effect with operation of governor whatsoever. For Kohler engine models listed below Ê with bushing # 230476-S, 41 158 02-S or 235476-S. NOTE: When ordering, please specify part number of bushing or engine model and specification numbers. And before installing, lubricate shaft with clean motor oil or automotive grease for smooth governor action and less wear to shaft, seal and/or bushing. An ingenious and innovative concept by Brian Miller, because nobody else advertise this product or offer this service. Bronze Governor Shaft Bushing with 7/32" hole for Kohler engine models K90/K91, K141, K160/K161 and K181 w/spec # 30100-30848 and various M8 engines with V-shaped/coiled governor spring under bushing. NOTE: When ordering, please specify engine model and specification numbers. And before installing, lubricate shaft with clean motor oil or automotive grease for smooth governor action and less wear to shaft, seal and/or bushing. Bushing discontinued from Kohler. OEM Kohler part # 230476-S. Not available in aftermarket. L Your bushing machined with a snug-fitting rubber O-ring oil seal installed. $5.00 parts and labor, plus return shipping and handling. Our used bushing machined with a snug-fitting rubber O-ring oil seal installed. $20.00 each, plus shipping and handling. (When available.) Bronze Governor Shaft Bushing with 7/32" hole for Kohler engine model K181 w/spec # 301000-301045, and various M8 (8hp) engines with extension governor spring. NOTE: When ordering, please specify engine model and specification numbers. And before installing, lubricate shaft with clean motor oil or automotive grease for smooth governor action and less wear to shaft, seal and/or bushing. OEM Kohler part # 41 158 02-S. Not available in aftermarket. L Bushing alone. $7.03 each, plus shipping and handling. Your bushing machined with a snug-fitting rubber O-ring oil seal installed. $5.00 parts and labor, plus return shipping and handling. New machined bushing with a snug-fitting rubber O-ring oil seal installed. $17.00 each, plus shipping and handling. Bronze Governor Shaft Bushing with 1/4" hole for Kohler engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361. NOTE: When ordering, please specify engine model and specification numbers. And before installing, lubricate shaft with clean motor oil or automotive grease for smooth governor action and less wear to shaft, seal and/or bushing. OEM Kohler part # 235476-S. Not available in aftermarket. L Rubber lip oil seal alone (customer machines own bushing). $3.00 each, plus shipping & handling. New bushing alone. $8.88 each, plus shipping and handling. Your bushing machined with a snug-fitting rubber lip seal or O-ring oil seal installed. $5.00 parts and labor, plus return shipping and handling. New machined bushing with a snug-fitting rubber O-ring oil seal installed. $18.88 each, plus shipping and handling. New machined bushing with rubber lip oil seal installed. $18.88 each, plus shipping and handling.

Throttle Link/Wire for Kohler flathead cast iron block K-series engine model K90/K91with .090" (#43 drill bit size) hole in governor lever and throttle lever. 1-5/8" in length between mounting holes. OEM Kohler part # 220380-S. $11.61 each, plus shipping and handling.

Throttle Link/Wire for Kohler flathead cast iron block K-series and Magnum engine models K141, K160/K161 and K181 with .090" (#43 drill bit size) hole in governor lever and throttle lever. 2-1/2" in length between mounting holes. OEM Kohler part # 230078-S. $11.68 each, plus shipping and handling.

Throttle Link and Nylon Bushing for Kohler flathead cast iron block Magnum engine model M8 with 3/16" hole in governor lever and throttle lever. 2-1/2" in length between mounting holes. Link. 2-5/8" overall length. OEM Kohler part # 25 079 01-S. $4.53 each, plus shipping and handling. Bushing for above È link. OEM Kohler part # 25 158 08-S. $1.49 each, plus shipping and handling.

New Style Throttle Link and Nylon Bushing for Carter/Kohler and Walbro carburetors used on Kohler engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 flatheads, K361 with 3/16" hole in governor lever and ball on throttle lever. Fits #26, #28, #30 Carter/Kohler and #52, #60, #64 Walbro carburetors without ball integrated with throttle lever. 2-3/4" in length between mounting holes. Link. 2-7/8" overall length. OEM Kohler part # 47 079 11-S. $2.79 each, plus shipping and handling. Bushing for above È link. OEM Kohler part # 25 158 11-S. $1.38 each, plus shipping and handling.

3/16" E-Clip (Retainer) for Early Style Throttle Rod (Linkage). (Throttle rod not included.) High quality aftermarket. .25¢ each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # 235278-S. $3.66 each, plus shipping and handling.

New 3/16" Throttle Ball Joint w/Integrated Ball/Threaded Stud for Kohler engine models K241/M10 (10hp), K301/M12 (12hp), K330/K331 (12½hp), K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 flatheads, K361 (18hp OHV) with early style throttle link/rod. 10-32 UNF male and female threads. Fits Carter/Kohler #26, #28, #30 and Walbro #52, #60, #64 carburetors without ball integrated with throttle lever. Can also be used on mini rods, hot rods, race cars, etc. 10-32 UNF male and female threads. NOTE: Apply motor oil inside ball joint to reduce wear and so throttle will operate smoother. High quality aftermarket. $5.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 237130-S. $15.55 each, plus shipping & handling.

Quick Disconnect Throttle Ball Joint Assembly for Carter/Kohler and Walbro carburetors used on Kohler engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 flatheads, K361 with 3/16" hole in governor lever and ball on throttle lever. 10-32 UNF male and female threads. Fits Carter/Kohler #26, #28, #30 and Walbro #52, #60, #64 carburetors without ball integrated with throttle lever. Can also be used on mini rods, hot rods, race cars, etc. 10-32 UNF male and female threads. NOTE: Apply motor oil inside ball joint body to reduce wear and so throttle will operate smoother. High quality aftermarket. $13.00 per assembly, plus shipping and handling.

Early Style Throttle Quick Disconnect Ball Joint Body. 10-32 UNF female threads and accepts 1/4" diameter ball. Fits Carter/Kohler #26, #28, #30 and Walbro #52, #60, #64 carburetors with ball on throttle lever. Can also be used on mini rods, hot rods, race cars, etc. 10-32 UNF female threads and accepts 1/4" diameter ball. NOTE: Apply motor oil inside ball joint body to reduce wear and so throttle will operate smoother. Discontinued from Kohler. Replaces Kohler part # 45 208 03-S. $8.50 each, plus shipping & handling.

Throttle Ball w/Threaded Stud for Quick Disconnect Ball Joint Body above È. 1/4" diameter ball x 10-32 UNF threads. Includes nut and lock washer. Fits Carter/Kohler #26, #28, #30 and Walbro #52, #60, #64 carburetors without ball integrated with throttle lever. Can also be used on mini rods, hot rods, race cars, etc. NOTE: Apply motor oil inside ball joint to reduce wear and so throttle will operate smoother. Discontinued from Kohler. L Replaced with Kohler part # 237130-S (ball joint w/integrated ball). Kohler part # 48 194 01-S. High quality aftermarket. $4.50 each, plus shipping & handling.

Throttle Link/Wire for Kohler opposed (flathead) twin cylinder engine models KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19 and KT19 series 2 with .090" (#43 drill bit size) hole in governor lever and throttle lever. OEM Kohler part # 52 079 11-S. $11.60 each, plus shipping & handling.

Throttle Link/Wire and Nylon Bushing Kit for Kohler Magnum M18 and M20 opposed (flathead) twin cylinder engines with 3/16" hole in governor lever and throttle lever. Throttle Link/Wire and Nylon Bushing Kit. OEM Kohler part # 82 755 07-S. $5.10 each, plus shipping & handling. Nylon Bushing for above È link. OEM Kohler part # 25 158 11-S. $1.20 each, plus shipping & handling.

Throttle or Choke Conduit Cable Snap-On Clip. Use for securing throttle or choke cable conduit to extended OEM Kohler bracket on engine block. OEM Kohler part # 235603-S. $4.17 each, plus shipping and handling.

Dual Conduit Clamps. Use to secure one or two 3/16" or 7/32" diameter cable conduit(s) to throttle or choke bracket. Made of heavy gauge zinc-plated steel. Each require 3/16" mounting screw. High quality aftermarket. $1.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Briggs and Stratton part # 692179. $3.00 each, plus shipping & handling.

Loop-Type Conduit Clamps. Use to secure wire(s), battery cable, throttle or choke cable conduit, small fuel hose (for remote fuel primer) or bundle of wires along frame for safe routing. Each made of 16 gauge, zinc-plated steel, and require 3/16" mounting screw. 3/16" Size. Our part # 03-249. $1.00 each, plus shipping and handling. 7/32" Size. Our part # 03-2701. $1.00 each, plus shipping and handling. Dual 7/32" Size. OEM Kohler part # X-728-1-S. $1.38 each, plus shipping and handling.

Throttle Cable/Wire Swivel Kit. For securing inner throttle stranded cable or solid wire to governor lever on block or to throttle lever on carburetor. Each kit includes wire swivel, screw and friction washer. High quality aftermarket. Screw fits inside swivel perfectly. require 15/64" / 6mm hole. $1.00 each kit, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 48 755 10-S. $13.53 each kit, plus shipping & handling.

Throttle Stabilizer Springs. Lightweight spring connects between throttle and governor levers to remove free play in linkage and reduce erratic engine behavior due to throttle flutter for a smoother running engine. Either can be used on virtually any Briggs & Stratton, Kohler K-series, Magnum or Command single- or twin-cylinder cast iron or aluminum block engine. A must for generator, welder or governored competition pulling engines. In competition pulling with a governored engine, throttle flutter causes the engine RPM to spike, which cause the rear tires to momentarily lose traction (temporary jerk), resulting in a possible failed pull. 2-1/8" overall length. OEM Kohler part # 230117-S. $8.23 each, plus shipping and handling. 4-1/8" overall length. OEM Briggs & Stratton part #'s 260478, 690545. $9.00 each, plus shipping and handling.

V-Shaped/Coiled Governor Springs to regulate engine speed. For various Kohler engine models K141, K160/K161, K181 and various M8. Each has hook on each end. Designed for general yard and garden use. OEM Kohler part # 232617-S. $6.63 each, plus shipping & handling. Designed specifically for engines used with a generator or welder. OEM Kohler part # 232619-S. $14.52 each, plus shipping & handling.

V-Shaped/Coiled Governor Spring to regulate engine speed. Designed for various Kohler engine models K181 and M8. Has "Z" bend on one end and hook on other end. OEM Kohler part # 41 091 02-S. $20.88 each, plus shipping & handling.

Governor Spring to regulate engine speed. Designed for newer Kohler engine model K181's with specification numbers 301000-301045, and various Kohler Magnum engine model M8's with specification numbers 301500-301651. OEM Kohler part # 41 089 12-S. $6.63 each, plus shipping and handling.

26 Coil Governor Spring to regulate engine speed. Designed for most Kohler engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361. Used in Cub Cadet models: 70, 71, 72, 73, 86, 100, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 149, 169, 1050, 1204, 1210 and 1211. Also for various Kohler engine models KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, M18 and M20. 2-5/8" overall length (outside hook to outside hook). Replaces discontinued 23 coil governor spring, Kohler part # 45 091 01-S. OEM Kohler part # 235496-S. $10.04 each, plus shipping & handling. 26 Coil Extended Length Governor Spring to regulate engine speed. Designed for various Kohler K-series and Magnum engine models with the following specification numbers: K301-47766, K341-71207, 71209, 71232; M10-461504, 461505, 461512, 461513, 461526, 461530, 461531, 461532, 461539, 461542, 461543, 461546, 461551; M12-471504, 471505, 471506, 471507, 471553, 471554, 471555, 471569, 471571 471572, 471576, 471583, 471585, 471589; M14-601504, 601505, 601553; M16-711504, 711505, 711506, 711507, 711534, 711535, 711551, 711552, 711558, 711577, 711585. Used with an air compressor, concrete saw or sprayer. 5-5/8" overall length (outside hook to outside hook). Replaces discontinued 23 coil extended length governor spring, Kohler part # 47 089 07-S. OEM Kohler part # 47 089 09-S. $5.49 each, plus shipping & handling. 34 Coil Extended Length Governor Spring to regulate engine speed. Designed for Kohler K-series AQS (Quiet Line) and Magnum engine models with the following specification numbers: K241-46717, 46720, 46734, 46740, 46753, 46754, 46763, 46785; K301-47541, 47542, 47581, 47585, 47606, 47620, 47634, 47640, 47643, 47673, 47732, 47764, 47795, 47805; K321-60244, 60269, 60270, 60291, 60293, 60311, 60312, 60318, 60320, 60321, 60343, 60374, 60397, 60402, 60411, 60413, 60415; K341-71147, 71148, 71164, 71167, 71169, 71172 71176, 71198, 71203, 71221, 71222, 71227, 71242, 71243, 71270, 71275, 71338, 71355, 71356, 71366, 71369; M10-461509, 461521, 461533, M12-471514; 471516, 471527, 471528, 471536, 471538, 471545, 471546, 471549, 471580, 471581, 471584; M14-601513, 601524, 601525, 601528, 601534, 601538, 601540, 601542, 601558, 601559, 601561; M16-711513, 711514, 711521, 711523, 711527, 711528, 711529, 711532, 711536, 711537, 711539, 711544, 711546, 711555, 711560, 711562, 711563, 711568, 711570, 711575, 711576, 711580, 711593. Used in Cub Cadet models: 680, 1000, 1200, 1210, 1250, 1282, 1450, 1650, and John Deere AQS (Quiet Line) engines. Most common for general yard and garden use. 8" overall length (outside hook to outside hook). OEM Kohler part # 47 091 01-S. $11.61 each, plus shipping & handling.

Lever-Action Solid Wire Remote Throttle Control Cable Assemblies for all narrow frame Cub Cadet garden tractors. High quality aftermarket. All heavy duty metal construction. Conduit length: 36-1/2"; Inner wire length: 41-1/4"; Wire travel: 1-3/4". Our part # 8626. $29.00 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Cub Cadet part # IH-384883-R93. $51.00 each, plus shipping and handling. Lever-Action Solid Wire Remote Throttle Control Cable Assemblies for all wide and spread frame Cub Cadet garden tractors. High quality aftermarket. All heavy duty metal construction. Conduit length: 36-1/2"; Inner wire length: 41-1/4"; Wire travel: 1-3/4". Our part # 8666. $29.00 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Cub Cadet part # IH-126465-C2. $41.55 each, plus shipping and handling.

Push/Pull Solid Wire Remote Choke Control Cable Assemblies for all narrow frame Cub Cadet garden tractors. High quality aftermarket. Durable plastic-coated metal conduit to resist rust. Conduit length: 40-1/2"; Inner wire length: 42-1/4"; Wire travel: 2". Our part # 14234. $15.00 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Cub Cadet part # IH-384884-R92. $44.00 each, plus shipping and handling. Push/Pull Solid Wire Remote Choke Control Cable Assemblies for all wide and spread frame Cub Cadet garden tractors. High quality aftermarket. Durable plastic-coated metal conduit to resist rust. Conduit length: 43"; Inner wire length: 35"; Wire travel: 1-1/2". Our part # 10748. $15.00 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Cub Cadet part # 946-3011. $35.75 each, plus shipping and handling.

How to Build a Stock Engine to Run Safely Without a Governor - (added 1/2/17)

Certain Kohler engines (K301 especially) came from the factory without a governor assembly and with no provisions in or on the block to install a governor assembly. These engines were designed for a specific lightweight vehicle, such as for a snowmobile or King Midget micro car. Being there's no governor to open the throttle when the engine is under a severe load, this type of engine can't be used where a lot of lugging power is required. You would think that when the engine isn't under a load, it will rev at wide open throttle and throw the rod. But here's how the RPMs are limited: On a Kohler engine without a governor, the camshaft is advanced by one tooth in relationship to the crankshaft. This allows the engine to run at much lower compression. Therefore, due to the very low operating compression, it will not be able to rev above 3,200 RPM more or less. This was also done by the factory on old Craftsman/Tecumseh lawn mower engines with no governor. Certain Craftsman/Tecumseh lawn mower engines without a governor had either a very low compression cylinder head, a very small diameter carburetor throttle bore and intake extension, and some engines had an ordinary cylinder head and carburetor/intake extension, but the camshaft was advanced by one tooth. But regarding the Kohler engine, being the ignition points operate off the cam and being the camshaft is advanced one tooth, the ignition timing will be far too advanced for the engine to start and run. Therefore, for the timing to be set at 20º BTDC, the engine will need to have either a magneto, Breakerless or solid state (Magnum) ignition system, which are all triggered off the flywheel, or a crank trigger ignition system, which is triggered off the flywheel or crankshaft.

Pulling at Wide Open Throttle With No Operating Governor - (added 5/23/15

On a pulling engine that pulls at wide open throttle, and the governor will never be used, remove all the governor parts inside the crankcase and outside the engine, and plug the hole in the block where the brass governor bushing goes with a 1/2" UNC Allen set screw. Clean the threads and use liquid threadlocker (Red Loctite or Permatex) to secure the screw in place. By getting rid of all the governor parts, this makes for a "clean-looking" and professionally-built pulling engine.

Click here for a wide open throttle control setup for 10-16hp Kohler engines.

Upon installation of a connecting rod in a Kohler engine, make sure the match marks on the rod and cap are aligned so the hole will make a perfect circle around the crank journal. If they're not aligned, the circle will be offset, resulting in crankshaft binding and possible rod/cap distortion when the bolts or nuts are torqued to specs. Also, make sure the oil hole in the rod cap faces the camshaft so the hole will pick up the oil and lubricate the rod better.

Connecting rods, rather being OEM or aftermarket (stock or high performance), and despite how well-balanced the rotating parts are in a pulling engine, suffer a lot of stress at high RPM or at wide open throttle in a single cylinder engine. Therefore, if possible, before purchasing a used rod, it's best to look it over for hairline cracks with a strong magnifying glass or better yet, a microscope. And as I always say about buying anything off of eBay: BUYER BEWARE! So ask for a money-back guarantee, or you may have nothing but a piece of scrap metal on your hands.

If using a stock connecting rod above 4,000 RPM, an aluminum bearing surface rod should never be used. Because the extreme pressure and heat from the rapid rotation of the rod on the crankshaft journal causes the aluminum to swell and this could cause the oil clearance to lessen making the aluminum have contact with the crankshaft, minimizing the oil clearance, which will overheat and become scored, resulting in crankshaft journal/rod scoring or burning, engine seizure or even rod breakage. One way around this, if replaceable bearing inserts isn't available for your particular rod, is to have the rod surface enlarged an additional one thousands of an inch (.001") to allow for additional oil clearance (the extra .001" of clearance will not cause the rod to knock) and to make room for the aluminum to swell when it gets hot. Or if your rod can accept bearing inserts (10hp-16hp Kohler rods), have automotive-type bearing inserts installed, even if the rod is new or used, or if it has a relatively good bearing surface. The reason bearing inserts work best in high performance or heavy duty conditions is because the soft babbitt material (lead) that's on the inserts can withstand extreme heat and extreme pressure. It also "cushions" the extreme pressure or impact that the rod places on the crankshaft journal at high RPM or at wide open throttle. And it's still a good idea to have an additional .001" of additional oil clearance, even if bearing inserts are used. Using bearing inserts also strengthens a [stock] rod by cushioning the severe impact the rod places on the crankshaft at very high RPM.

If a plain aluminum bearing surface connecting rod is scored or burnt on the crankshaft, the causes are either...

Too low oil level or engine out of oil. Oil dipstick calibrated wrong. (Kohler made 23 different lengths and types of dipsticks.) Oil dipper broken off of rod cap. Malfunctioning, worn oil pump or clogged oil filter. Too high engine RPM.

Insufficient oil clearance between rod and crank journal in accordance with manufacturer's specs or for a high-revving engine. Use of petroleum motor oil instead of full synthetic oil in a high-revving engine. Rod installed backwards or cap installed backwards on rod. Mismatched rod and cap.

No connecting rod in any 10hp-16hp K-series Kohler engine come from the factory with bearing inserts in them. The rod must be machined (bored and notched) for installation of bearing inserts. Kohler don't make bearing inserts for the connecting rod in any of their single cylinder engines. The bearing that's used in the rods are actually made for one particular model of Continental Engines, model 469 (4 cylinder). But the bearings fit the Kohler rod perfectly after it's been bored out. The bearings are available in STD, .010", .020" and .030" undersizes. Also, these bearings can only be used in Kohler engines with a 1.500" diameter crankshaft journal/crank pin (or undersizes), such as the 10hp through 18hp single cylinder engines and all of their twin cylinder engines with a stock (OEM) or an aftermarket connecting rod. No bearing inserts that I know of is designed for use in any other Kohler engines, except for the Kohler engine models K482, K582 and K682 if the crank journals were reground to 1.500". (STD size is 1.625".) The connecting rods would not need to be bored, being they are already 1.625" in diameter. But they would need to be notched for the tangs on the bearing inserts.

Or, being the K241 and K482 engines share the same pistons and have the same stroke, and their connecting rods are the same length, a K241 connecting rod can be used in a K482 engine when bored and honed to 1.625" - 1.626" to match the STD size K532 or K582 crank journal, which are 1.624" (allow .001" - .002" for oil clearance). If the K482 journals are worn and reground undersize, the K241 rod can be bored and honed to fit the undersize journals. The oil dipper on these rods will need to be cut off as well. Boring these single cylinder engine rods will not weaken them whatsoever because they hold up very well when bored and used with bearing inserts in the respective single cylinder engines.

About Machining a Rod for Installation of Replaceable Bearing Inserts (Rod Bearings) -

FYI - Before I machine a rod for bearing inserts, I use a metal "plug" alignment tool that I made in my metal lathe to precisely align the big hole of the connecting rod with the centerline of the spindle in my milling machine. Then while the plug is in the rod, I firmly clamp the rod to the table of my milling machine and after leaving the big hole centered or moving the table offset for piston pop-out, I securely lock the table so the rod won't move in any direction. But for reasons unknown, sometimes the cutter/reamer will bore the hole in the rod slightly off-center between the bolts or studs. Whenever this happens, I grind away part of each bearing shell so they'll clear the rod bolt. I've talked to other machinist who bore Kohler rods about this and they tell me sometimes the same thing happens with them. But as long as the bearing shells are ground for clearance of the bolt, it poses no problems.

For high RPM use, bearing inserts also need additional oil clearance. Therefore, it's good insurance to have the crank journal ground an additional .001" for extra oil clearance. As the rod and journal swell due to the rapid rotation of the two parts, metal to metal contact won't happen. Of course, it's a good idea to use full synthetic oil, too. And once a journal's been reground to exactly .010", it's awful hard to ground an additional .001" on it, making it .011" undersize. If the journal has been ground to exactly .010", the rod would need to be honed an extra .001" instead.

Sometimes an OEM connecting rod will need to be bored for installation of bearing inserts when the crank journal must be reground deeper than .010" undersize. (STD size and .010" undersize OEM connecting rods are the only two sizes that's available from Kohler.) But bearings are available in STD, .010", .020" and .030" undersizes, to match the reground journal. If your crank journal needs to be reground to .020" or .030" undersize, then undersized bearing inserts will need to be installed in the rod to match the diameter of the crank journal. Bearings can only be installed in the 10-16hp single cylinder flathead Kohler engines, the 18hp OHV single cylinder Kohler engine, the KT21 and M20 twin cylinder Kohler engine, because these engines all have a 1-1/2 diameter crank journal. Bearing inserts also help to provide longevity of the journal, just like in automotive engines.

More Information About Replaceable Bearing Inserts (Rod Bearings) -

For pulling applications, the oil clearance between the rod bearing and crank journal should be .0035" with ± .0005" for wear. This allows the .001" more clearance for rod swelling (when hot; only at high RPM or at wide open throttle). It'll be good to use this clearance for stock engines, too.

Bearing inserts provide a little more oil clearance to protect the crank journal. If checking the oil clearance with PlastiGage, and if it shows the clearance to be .0032"-.0035", don't worry about it. It'll work just fine. Many race cars run this much clearance. The rod won't knock either.

Boring a Kohler rod and installing bearing inserts in it doesn't weaken the rod whatsoever. Because whenever a rod breaks, 99% of the time they break in the beam section, not around the bearing area. And bearing inserts add very little weight. Meaning they don't upset the balance of the piston/rod assembly to the crankshaft's counterweights a great deal, even at very high RPM.

With engines when there's no an undersize connecting rod or bearing inserts available, if the crank journal is worn beyond STD size and need to be reground, being 99% of all worn journals are "egg-shaped" or oblong, it can be reground to where it is perfectly round again, and then the connecting rod can be resized so it'll fit the smaller diameter undersize journal.

To resize the rod so it'll fit to a few thousands of an inch smaller diameter crank journal, first, metal is removed from the mating end of the rod cap, then the cap is fasten to the rod. The big hole in the rod is now oblong or "egg shaped." Then the big hole in the rod is honed until it's .002" larger than the diameter of the crank journal. Honing reshapes the hole into a perfect circle again, only smaller in diameter. This works very well and it lasts as long as an ordinary STD size rod and crank journal. This can only be performed on a rod with a good bearing surface. It cannot be done on a burnt or heavily scored connecting rod because too much metal would need to be removed. Click here if you're interested in having this service performed.

Don't Be a Slob When Rebuilding an Engine!

Older Kohler engines are like old Chevy engines, they're worth rebuilding. And always be professional whenever you rebuild any engine! Before assembling a fresh engine, always take the time to provide a neat and absolutely clean work environment. Make sure that your repair table or bench is sturdy enough to support the weight of a fully assembled cast iron bock Kohler engine. And make sure that your tools, shop/business towels, engine parts and hands are clean, too. Don't allow any dust or dirt to enter the work area, including the engine block and it's internal parts. If necessary, place the engine parts on a large, clean cloth or cardboard to help keep them clean and organized until they're ready to be installed. The reason everything should be kept as clean as possible is because even the smallest bit of dirt inside an engine will "grind away" at the internal parts when the engine is in operation, causing unnecessary and expensive wear.

You can also use an automotive engine stand to rebuild a Kohler engine. Just use the two starter bolt holes on the side of the block to mount your engine to the stand. You can completely disassemble and reassemble the entire engine, except for the starter, and you can get at everything on the outside and inside of the engine with no problems.

To "basically" overhaul or rebuild an engine that burns a lot of oil, all that needs to be done on a Kohler engine is remove the oil pan and cylinder head, disconnect the connecting rod from the crankshaft and then drive the piston and rod out of the block with a long wooden stick and a medium size hammer. Inspect the entire piston and cylinder wall for wear. If no wear is evident, then install a new set of rings on the piston (thoroughly clean the parts first though) and reinstall the piston in the block as described. But to do a professional and complete rebuild, read the rest of the information in this web page and linked pages.

Building a competitive and durable pulling engine require a great deal of expertise and skill. All the parts must be machined to precise specifications, and then assembled and installed in the engine, be within precise dimensions so they won't wear excessively, score or burn. But first, read your club's rules regarding the engine, so when built, it will be legal within its class. If you feel that you can build your own engine and have full confidence that it will perform flawlessly, then that would be fine. Otherwise, you can have me build your engine.

It's common knowledge that most metals retracts (shrinks) a few thousandths of an inch when cool or cold, and expends (swells) a few thousandths of an inch when warm or hot. Knowing this, when building or rebuilding an engine, keep in mind that if the engine parts are either cool or warm, the end-play clearances for the camshaft, crankshaft, valves, piston-to-cylinder wall, etc., will vary according to the temperature conditions the engine is being assembled under. According to the manufacturer's clearance specifications, allow for slightly greater clearances if the temperature is cool (when working in a shop that don't hold heat well during wintertime), and for lesser clearances if the weather is around 72° F. Actually, it's best to build or rebuild an engine during warm weather with the engine parts warmed at room temperature at around 72° F.

Painting Aluminum or Cast Iron Engine Blocks and Cylinder Heads -

To get paint to stick to aluminum, the shiny and slick surface of aluminum will need to be "roughened up" with sandpaper or sandblasting so the paint (or primer paint) can grip or adhere into the microscopic scratches and crevices from the sanding or sandblasting.

To get paint to stick to a cast iron engine block (and/or cylinder head) is with the cast iron being absolutely dry. Cast iron is porous, like a sponge. It soaks up oil, and when something is painted that has oil in it, the paint may eventually peel off because the paint itself cannot soak into the cast iron so it can grip or adhere to it. To get paint (or primer paint) to stick to a used or "seasoned" cast iron block, the cast iron will need to be thoroughly heated to burn out the oil. Soaking the block in a hot tank with a chemical solution at an automotive engine machine shop will clean a lot of the oil out of the cast iron. But placing the block in a special oven furnace and rotating it against large flames will definitely burn out the oil. Then painting the inside of the block with quality paint or primer before reassembly should prevent the crankcase oil from seeping through the cast iron and making a mess on the outside. This is why Cub Cadet transaxles are painted on the inside. Kohler never painted any of their [cast iron] blocks on the inside. And if you're looking for some yellow paint to paint your Cub Cadet with, try your local farm and home supply store. They usually have International Harvester Yellow. It closely matches the color of Cub Cadet yellow.

Information About Using Imported/Aftermarket Engine Parts -

Most imported pistons, rings, rods and other parts from Rotary or Stens hold up VERY WELL. We've used these parts in our own equipment and pulling tractors for many years and we've sold them to our customers with no complaints whatsoever. Besides, it's how well the engine block and crankshaft are machined (cylinder bored straight, crank journal reground to OEM specs, cleanliness of the parts and work area, etc.), that determines how well and how long internal engine parts will hold up. Don't blame shoddy workmanship on shoddy parts.

What Makes Engines "Rev Up" When Accelerated?

The throttle plate in the carburetor or throttle body (fuel injection) is nothing but an air valve. When it's opened up, the piston(s) draws more air (and fuel) in the combustion chamber(s), which builds up more air pressure (higher compression), which in turn allows the engine to produce more power and RPM. But with the engine idling, the air pressure in the combustion chamber(s) is very low. This is why and how an engine idles slowly and won't produce much power at idling speed.

Important Information About Kohler Crankshafts -

Crankshafts, rather being made of steel or cast iron, and despite how well-balanced the rotating parts are in a pulling engine, suffer a lot of vibration at very high RPM in a single cylinder engine. Therefore, if possible, before purchasing a used crankshaft, it's best to look it over for hairline cracks with a strong magnifying glass or better yet, a powerful microscope. And as the saying goes about buying anything off of eBay: BUYER BEWARE! So ask for a money-back guarantee, or you may have nothing but a piece of scrap metal on your hands.

Identifying Kohler Crankshafts -

• To identify the 10, 12, 14 and 16hp Kohler crankshafts, the 10hp cranks have a shorter stroke than the other cranks. You can compare a 10hp crank to a 12, 14 or 16hp crank by placing them side by side, and with the counter weights down, looking at the bottom part of the rod journal, the journal on the 10hp will be closer to the main journals. (3/8" of difference in stroke.)
• The K301/M12 (12hp) crankshaft is different from the 14 and 16hp cranks because the counter weights are machined off for the lighter-weight K301/M12 (12hp) piston assembly. NOTE: Some 10hp cranks also have the counter weights machined off like the K301/M12 (12hp) does, but some don't.
• And the K321/M14 (14hp) and 16hp cranks are identical in weight and appearance. Some may have a few more holes drilled into the counter weights, but that's the only difference.
• If you have the engine's original model and specification numbers, you can find the correct part number, dimensions and specifications of the crankshaft here: CRANKSHAFT REFERENCE MANUAL. (Open with Adobe Acrobat Reader and use Google Chrome web browser for a faster download of web sites with large files.)

How to Remove Only the Crankshaft from a Kohler Engine -

1. Remove the flywheel and anything that's on the PTO end of the crankshaft.
2. Remove the cylinder head.
3. Remove the oil pan.
4. Remove the piston/connecting rod assembly from the engine block.
5. Remove the bearing plate.
6. Finally, being very gentle, bump the PTO end of the crankshaft with a 2 lb. brass head hammer or a 2-3 lb. steel hammer and wooden block to remove it from the engine block.
7. And if an engine originally came with balance gears, there's no need to reinstall them. They're made of out-of-balance cast iron material, they serve very little purpose and they may break, possibly destroying the engine block.

Here's Something Important To Keep In Mind About A Reground Crankshaft Journal -

Sometimes as the rod journal (crank pin) wears, it will develop a "flat spot" at a certain place when the piston is at the ATDC position on the compression stroke. The combustion process place the most pressure on the piston and connecting rod at this particular point, which squeezes the oil out between the rod bearing surface and crank journal, causing brief metal to metal contact. As this happens, this point wears more than the rest of the journal, causing the journal to become oval or "egg shaped." Sometimes the upper part of the connecting rod will wear as well, but in most cases, it's the part that moves the most that wears more, which is the crank journal.

When regrinding a journal, and if a STD size journal is not worn past .005" on the low side or on the "flat spot," then the crank grinder person can regrind it "centered" to the next undersize, which is .010", or if he gives it an extra .001" of additional oil clearance, it'll have a .011" undersize journal and the crankshaft will retain it's original stroke. But if a standard size journal is worn .006" or more, then the crank grinder can "manipulate the grinding process" by regrinding the journal to the next undersize by offsetting the journal .006" or more in the lathe and regrind it to .010". By doing this, and depending on the amount of wear the journal had and the location of the low side or "flat spot," the crankshaft will have a slightly longer or shorter stroke. Otherwise, if the severely worn journal were to be reground "centered," it would have to go to .020" undersize, and the stock stroke will be retained. The decrease or increase of the stroke on a crankshaft with a worn STD, .010" or .020" journal can vary from .001" to .005". and as much as .010" on a STD size journal that's been reground to .020" undersize or even .015" on a STD size journal that's been reground to .030" undersize! So when a pulling club's rules state that an engine must have the stock factory length stroke, and if a crankshaft was reground, it may actually have a slightly longer or shorter stroke.

Something to take into consideration is this: Depending who regrind the crank journal undersize, the stroke can be offset more or less by .005". Some grinders like to "center" an excessively worn journal so it can be ground to the next undersize.

FYI - Oil clearance is the distance between the connecting rod bearing surface and crank journal. A thin coat of oil is supposed to keep all moving parts inside an engine from making contact with each other. If there's too little oil clearance between the rod and crank, especially in a high RPM engine, the rod will swell due to excessive heat, and then the rod will make contact with the crank and burn on the journal. If there's too much clearance, the rod will knock and possibly break at high RPM, which could destroy the entire engine block.

Grinding a Crankshaft Journal -

Grinding a crank journal is performed in crankshaft grinder machine. It's actually much easier to grind a journal on a single cylinder small engine crankshaft than it is to grind a crankshaft with multiple journals. It takes a lot of skill and full attention when regrinding crankshaft journals. Basically, what the crankshaft grinder machinist needs to do is...

1. Make sure the grinding stone is precision balanced, then true it up so it won't leave skip marks on the journal.
2. On a single cylinder crankshaft, clamp one of the main journals in the first chuck, then clamp the other main journal in the second chuck to make sure the crankshaft is perfectly centered in the first chuck, then loosen the second chuck and move it away from the crankshaft.
3. If it's a multiple journal crankshaft, perform the above È with the crankshaft firmly clamped in both chucks.
4. Firmly tighten the chuck(s).
5. Relocate the first chuck (for a single cylinder crankshaft) or relocate both chucks (for a multiple journal crankshaft) off-center according to the crankshaft's stroke.
6. Set up the dial indicator, and position it's lever on the #1 journal.
7. Rotate the crankshaft slowly by hand until the lowest area on the journal shows on the dial indicator and then zero in the dial indicator.
8. Relocate the first chuck (for a single cylinder crankshaft) or relocate both chucks (for a multiple journal crankshaft) off-center according to the crankshaft's stroke.
9. If it's a multiple journal crankshaft, position the steady rest in the center main journal to prevent flexing of the crankshaft when grinding.
10. Slowly and very carefully grind each journal to the next undersize until it's within .0001" of specs. But the grinder machinist needs to stop midway of grinding and carefully measure the journal(s) with a micrometer (the dial or digital calipers are not as accurate) from time to time so the journal(s) will grind within specs. Once metal is removed, it's hard to replace. If a journal is ground undersize too much, it can be reground to the next undersize, or if it's already reground to the maximum undersize, it can be welded up 360°, then reground back to STD size, or to the undersize of the other journals. But welding a journal and then grinding it can be very expensive! And the crankshaft's stroke may not be the same because due to the build-up of welding, it'll be hard to find the true centerline of the journal.
11. Back the stone away, and finish polishing the journal with a crankshaft polisher. The polishing process will remove the roughness of the grinding stone and about .0001" of metal until the journal is within specs.

The standard (STD) size rod journal (crank pin) on Kohler's K241/M10 (10hp), K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp) and K341/M16 (16hp) flatheads, K361 (OHV 18hp) and the M20, MV20 twin cylinder engines measures 1.500" on the "high side", and 1.499" on the "low side" (maximum wear limit). If an engine is going to run no faster than 4,000 RPM (either for general yard work or competition pulling), then it should be safe to have a worn rod journal reground on the high side. The grinder person will grind the journal(s) as follows:

• .010" undersize, which will measure 1.490" for a .010" undersize aluminum bearing surface connecting rod or a connecting rod with .010" bearing inserts.
• .020" undersize, which will measure 1.480" for a connecting rod with .020" bearing inserts.
• .030" undersize which will measure 1.470" for a connecting rod with .030" bearing inserts.

But when having a worn rod journal reground for an engine that's going to run at high RPM or at wide open throttle for competition pulling, it'll be a good idea to indicate this to the crank grinder person by writing on one of the counterweights the words LOW SIDE with a bright-colored paint marker (TEXPEN®). The grinder person will then grind the journal(s) as follows:

• .011" undersize, which will measure 1.489" for a .010" undersize aluminum bearing surface connecting rod or a connecting rod with .010" bearing inserts (recommended).
• .021" undersize, which will measure 1.479" for a connecting rod with .020" bearing inserts.
• .031" undersize which will measure 1.469" for a connecting rod with .030" bearing inserts.
• The additional .001" of [oil] clearance is to prevent overheating and scoring of the plain aluminum connecting rod or bearing inserts and/or rod journal at high RPM or at wide open throttle.

NOTE: If the word RACE is written on a crank for additional oil clearance, some crank grinders will still grind a journal on the low side and add an additional .001". Which will make the journal .012", .022" or .032" undersize. So RACE should only be used on a journal that's going to be reground on the high side, which will provide the same clearance as having a journal reground on the low side. And by the way - the additional .001" of clearance (with either LOW SIDE or RACE) will not cause the rod to make a knocking sound. Click HERE for Complete Kohler Single Cylinder Engine Specifications and Tolerances.

The heat-treating or hardening process that Kohler use on the rod journal area obviously goes deep into the crank. Because it's been proven that when the journal is ground for an undersize bearing insert, a .010", .020" or even a .030" undersize insert can be used with no problem. Myself and many other pullers use undersize bearing inserts in our pulling tractors, and I have no problems with the crank journal wearing whatsoever. Heck, I've been using a .020" undersize bearing inserts with the same crankshaft in our 30 c.i. tractor for 5 years and in about 75 pulls, and the crank journal hasn't worn at all. Most crank journals wear because of dirty motor oil or the wrong viscosity of oil is used. Not because of "soft metal" in the journal. Actually, the bearing material is not supposed to make contact with the crank journal. They're supposed to be kept separate by clean motor oil. And as far as cast iron Kohler crankshafts breaking is concerned, an undersize journal shouldn't make a cast crank break. I've always seen them break next to the journal, not in the journal area. As with anything, crankshafts break because something makes them break. Either out-of-balance parts, dirty flywheel taper/crankshaft taper or a manufacturing defect makes a crankshaft break.

By the way, a crank journal that's been turned .030" undersize will help to produce slightly more RPM and horsepower because there's less bearing surface to cause friction. Some NASCAR engineers do this to their racing engines. It works.

If you have a crankshaft that's made for a special purpose, and it has a worn .030" journal, and that particular crankshaft is no longer available, well, the journal can be welded up and reground back to STD size. Here's one place who can do this for you: Big 2 Engine Rebuilders, Inc., 3214 25th Ave., Gulfport, MS 39501-5909 Phone: 228-863-5425 FAX: 228-868-8728. Ask for Pete Bloss.

Stroking a Stock-Stroke Crankshaft -

Virtually any machine shop that regrind crankshafts can weld up the rod journal and regrind it to give it a slightly longer stroke. (Click here for an explanation of why a longer stroke works better.) But keep in mind if thinking of doing this, that if using a stock-length connecting rod with a stock compression-height piston, the piston will pop out of the cylinder half the distance that was added to the stroke on the crank journal. The piston could hit the cylinder head. Also, grinding the center of the [stock] camshaft may be required for clearance of the connecting rod swing due to the longer stroke. And notching of the cylinder wall on each side of the rod swing for clearance may be required to prevent the rod from striking the lower part of the cylinder wall. Finally, the oil dipper on the rod cap may need to be shortened to prevent it from hitting the bottom of the oil pan.

But if building a stock engine at 4,000 RPM for more power and torque, it'll be better and less cost effective to use a stock stroke crankshaft, and install a reground low-RPM torque cam to give the engine a little more muscle. Performing a performance valve job to increase the air flow and milling of the head will help the engine to pump out a few more ponies, too.

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If you need any of the parts or services listed below Ê, please contact A-1 Miller's Performance Enterprises | 1501 W. Old Plank Rd. | Columbia, MO 65203-9136 USA | Phone: 1-573-256-0313 (shop) | 1-573-881-7229 (cell). Please call Monday-Friday (except Holidays), 9am to 5pm, Central time zone. If no answer, please try again later. (When speaking with Brian, please be patient because I stutter.) A-1 Miller's shop is open to the public from 9am to 5pm, including weekends (except Holidays). Please call before coming so I'll be here waiting for your arrival. Fax: 1-573-449-7347. E-mail: pullingtractor@aol.com. Directions to our shop | 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO - Google Maps or Map of 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO by MapQuest. Please click here to place an order.

Crankshaft Repairs - This includes Briggs & Stratton, Kohler, Tecumseh, etc. Remove burnt aluminum and polish journal to shiny finish. I chuck the crankshaft in my big metal lathe, turn it on slow and use my crankshaft polisher with a belt sander to remove the burnt aluminum. This works great until the aluminum is gone, but sometimes the journal is scored or worn. Then it require regrinding to the next undersize. If it's not scored or worn, then it can be reused as is. But if it is worn, an undersize rod and possibly one with a bearing insert is required. If it does need regrinding, then there's no charge for cleaning it. $10.00 per journal, plus return shipping & handling. Regrind journal (crank pin) to next undersize. NOTE: Kohler crankshafts can be reground to .030" undersize and still be safe to use with matching undersized replaceable bearing inserts installed in the connecting rod. And all crankshafts, rather if they're automotive or small engine, are checked for straightness before grinding. If they're bent or twisted, sometimes they can be straightened. I also do offset crankshaft grinding to increase the length of the stroke at no extra charge. NOTE: Once installed and in operation, there is no warranty or guarantee of any kind on crankshaft regrinds. Single cylinder engine crankshafts: $60.00 per journal, plus return shipping & handling. Two cylinder engine crankshafts: $100.00 per journal, plus return shipping & handling. "Round Up" Rod Journal(s) and Resize Connecting Rods. The service is for most makes and models of engines when an undersize connecting rod or bearing inserts isn't available, if the crankshaft is worn beyond .010" and needs to be reground again, the journal can be reground to wherever it "cleans up" or is true again, then the connecting rod can be resized so it'll fit the smaller undersize journal. To resize the rod so it'll fit to a few thousands of an inch smaller diameter crank journal, first, metal is removed from the mating end of the rod cap, then the cap is fasten to the rod. The big hole in the rod is now oblong or "egg shaped." Then the big hole in the rod is honed until it's .002" larger than the diameter of the crank journal. Honing reshapes the hole into a perfect circle again, only smaller in diameter. This works very well and it lasts as long as an ordinary STD size rod and crank journal. This can only be performed on a rod with a good bearing surface. It cannot be done on a burnt or heavily scored connecting rod because too much metal would need to be removed. If you're interested, I will need your crankshaft and connecting rod(s). NOTE: Once installed and in operation, there is no warranty or guarantee of any kind on crankshaft regrinds. An innovative concept by Brian Miller, because nobody else advertise this service . Single cylinder engine crankshafts: $100.00 per journal, plus return shipping & handling. Two cylinder engine crankshafts: $200.00 per journal, plus return shipping & handling. Repair broken off 5/8" stud on flywheel end of crankshaft. Center drill and cut threads for a 3/8" diameter grade 8 bolt in the end of crankshaft. $25.00 labor, plus return shipping and handling. Drill hole and cut 7/16-20 UNF threads in the PTO end of the crankshaft for bolt and flat washer. $25.00 labor, plus return shipping and handling.

Reconditioned OEM Kohler Crankshafts - Available for Kohler engine models K241/M10 (10hp), K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 (16hp) or K361 (18hp OHV). These cast iron cranks are genuine Kohler, used and in excellent condition. They have either a 1" or 1-1/8" diameter x 3-1/2" length PTO shaft w/1/4" wide keyway. They have good gear teeth and may have a worn or unworn connecting rod journal in either STD size or undersize. Which can be reground to .010", .020" or .030" undersize. Although .030" is rare, it's still very safe to use. FYI - To be honest, these are old, used crankshafts. So if you need one with an unworn STD size rod journal, you'll probably have a better chance of winning the lottery than finding a used Kohler K-series or Magnum single cylinder crankshaft with an unworn STD size journal. And if you're going to use a pulley, clutch, etc., on the PTO end, then I will need to know the exact dimensions of the PTO end on your crankshaft so I can match it to one that I may have in stock. Most common crankshaft PTO end diameters are 1" and 1-1/8", but 3/4", 1-1/4", 1-3/8", 1-7/16" and 1-1/2" are rare. If you have the engine's original model and specification numbers, you can find the correct part number, dimensions and specifications of the crankshaft here: CRANKSHAFT REFERENCE MANUAL. (Open with Adobe Acrobat Reader and use Google Chrome web browser for a faster download of web sites with large files.) Shipping weight: 12 lbs. K241/M10 (10hp) $100.00 each, plus shipping & handling. (When available.) K301/M12 (12hp) $125.00 each, plus shipping & handling. (When available.) K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 (16hp) and K361 (18hp OHV) $150.00 each, plus shipping & handling. (When available.) NOTE: Once installed and in use, there is no warranty or guarantee of any kind on any crankshaft purchase!

Main Crankshaft Radial Ball Bearings for Kohler K-series and Magnum cast iron block engine models K141 (6¼hp), K160 (6.6hp), K161 (7hp) and K181/M8 (8hp). Heat treated. These are specifically designed to provide maximum performance through precise ball implement selection. Aftermarket bearing packed with fresh grease from the factory. Dimensions: 1.18" i.d. (30mm) x 2.44" (62mm) o.d. x .62" (16mm) width. See note below. NOTE: If yours have more than .005" of play (wear), then it needs to be replaced. FYI - All ball bearings have always been made to the metric dimensions. Where applicable, the US and import manufacturers try to make them close to the inch dimensions as possible. New high quality aftermarket. Our part # 150-960. Same quality as OEM Kohler. $10.00 each, plus shipping & handling. New OEM Kohler part # 231625-S. $55.55 each, plus shipping & handling. 8 Ball Main Crankshaft Radial Bearings for Kohler K-series and Magnum cast iron block engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361. Heat treated. These are specifically designed to provide maximum performance through precise ball implement selection. Aftermarket bearing packed with fresh grease from the factory. Good for general yard and garden or high performance use. at high RPM or at wide open throttle, bigger balls rotate freer, run cooler which create less rolling resistance than a bearing with smaller balls. Dimensions: 1.57" (40mm) i.d. x 3.54" o.d. (90mm) x .90" (23mm) width. See note below. Ê NOTE: If yours have more than .005" of play (wear), then it needs to be replaced. FYI - All ball bearings have always been made to the metric dimensions. Where applicable, the US and import manufacturers try to make them close to the inch dimensions as possible. Used and in excellent condition with little to no wear. (OEM Kohler.) $10.00 each, plus shipping & handling. (When available.) New high quality aftermarket. Same quality as OEM Kohler. Our part #150973. $20.00 each, plus shipping & handling. New OEM Kohler part # 235376-S. $116.55 each, plus shipping & handling. NOTE: With the main bearings removed from an engine, and if all the oil is cleaned from the bearings, allowed to thoroughly dry, and then the bearings are spun by hand, and if the bearings isn't worn much or at all, they might feel "rough" and make a rattling sound. This rattling sound isn't necessarily because the bearing is worn. The noise is caused by the balls running dry on the races because there's no oil to separate them. They're simply making metal to metal contact. Try applying a small amount of motor oil to the balls/races and then spin them. They should now be a lot quieter. The same thing will happen with new radial ball bearings. By the way - Most main bearings in a Kohler engine will wear extremely little, if any at all, and usually don't require replacing. Although some main bearings will wear (which is obvious), and need to be replaced. And excessively worn main bearings will make a rumbling noise and the engine will have a more than-usual-vibration.

Crankshaft PTO Safety Washer/Bolt Kit. 1/4"± thick x 1-1/2" diameter steel washer to install on PTO end of crankshaft. Many pulling clubs require a washer on the end of crankshaft to prevent a PTO-mounted pulley from coming off at high RPM for safety. Choice of 3/8" or 7/16" grade 8 fine thread bolt. $8.00 each kit, plus shipping & handling.

All-metal self-locking flywheel retaining nuts for threaded stud on end of K-series and steel crankshafts. Guaranteed to stay tight! IMPORTANT: Apply thin coat of motor oil on threads of crankshaft before installing nut then torque each at 65 ft. lbs. 5/8" diameter, fine thread (5/8-18 UNF). Replaces Kohler part #'s 25 100 02-S, X-119-14. (Discontinued from Kohler.) $1.50 each, plus shipping & handling. 3/4" diameter, fine thread (3/4-16 UNF). Replaces Kohler part #'s X-89-11, X-119-16. (Discontinued from Kohler.) $1.75 each, plus shipping & handling.

Flywheel retaining bolt for threaded hole in end of crankshaft. Each are grade 8, 1-1/2" length. IMPORTANT: Apply thin coat of motor oil on threads of crankshaft before installing nut then torque 40 ft. lb. Replaces Kohler part # 25 086 253-S. 3/8" diameter, fine thread (3/8-24 UNF). $1.00 each, plus shipping & handling.

Steel Rectangular Flywheel Key for early Kohler K-series engine models K241, K301, K321 with the 8" diameter flywheel. Dimensions: 3/16" wide x 1/4" tall x 1-3/8" length. OEM Kohler part # X-366-1-S. Used and in excellent condition. $1.00 each, plus shipping & handling. (When available.) New. $2.25 each, plus shipping & handling. Aluminum Rectangular Flywheel Key for Kohler K-series engine models K141, K160, K161, K181, K241, K301, K321, K341, K361 and Magnum M8. Made of 6061 alloy; medium-grade hardness aluminum. Dimensions: 3/16" square x 1-3/8" long. Replaces Kohler part # X-366-1-S. $5.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Steel Square Flywheel Key for Kohler K-series engine models K141, K160, K161, K181, K241, K301, K321, K341, K361 and Magnum M8. Dimensions: 3/16" square x 1-3/8" length. High quality aftermarket. $1.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # X-286-17-S. $1.50 each, plus shipping & handling. Aluminum Square Flywheel Key for Kohler K-series engine models K141, K160, K161, K181, K241, K301, K321, K341, K361 and Magnum M8. Made of 6061 alloy; medium-grade hardness aluminum. Dimensions: 3/16" square x 1-3/8" length. Replaces Kohler part # X-286-17-S. $5.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Steel Woodruff Flywheel Key for early Kohler engine models K160, K161, K181 and later 10-16hp K-series and all Magnum engines. 3/16" wide x 1" length. High quality aftermarket. $1.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # X-46-3-S. $1.50 each, plus shipping & handling.

About Crankshafts Breaking at High RPM or at Wide Open Throttle -

A cast or billet steel crankshaft should survive as high as 7,000 RPM for a long time if they've been precision-balanced to the connecting rod and piston assembly using a dynamic balancing machine. Some cast cranks break, and steel crankshafts are prone to breaking, too. When they do break, it's usually due to: being in an engine that broke the connecting rod and the rotating assembly came to a "sudden stop", and the flywheel kept wanting to spin, but cracked the crank instead; an out-of-balance flywheel (steel flywheels should be precision-balanced, too); and/or an out-of-balance starter pulley on the PTO end (which should also be precision-balanced). An out-of-balanced flywheel or pulley will cause the crankshaft to flex a few thousands of an inch at high RPM or at wide open throttle. When they flex, the "bending of the metal" causes metal fatigue, which creates a microscopic crack next to the rod journal, and they eventually break. Kind of like bending a piece of wire back and forth by hand, until it eventually breaks. I heard that the Magnum crankshafts are tougher than the early K-series cranks when precision-balanced. And when a crankshaft breaks at high RPM or at wide open throttle, it can also break a cast cam or bend a billet steel cam, which could crack the engine block at the cam pin on the flywheel side.

How to Professionally Clean Engine Parts -

NEVER USE GASOLINE OR A HIGHLY FLAMMABLE LIQUID TO CLEAN PARTS! Gas cleans good, but is extremely flammable, making it too dangerous and unsafe to handle. The best and safest product to clean engine, transmission and other parts for rebuilding is with paint thinner (also known as mineral spirits). Personally, I've always used paint thinner to clean my engine, transmission and other parts. Paint thinner is non-oily. It's dries with no signs of it ever being on the part. Paint thinner is flammable, too. It has about the same flash point as some popular brands of charcoal starter. So don't have any open flames nearby and don't smoke while using it. Use a professional parts washer to clean the parts, too.

Paint thinner can also be used to dry out motor oil, automatic transmission fluid, gear oil, power steering fluid, etc. that's spilled or leaked on a concrete floor. Paint thinner will mix equally with oil-based products because they're both a petroleum product. Just pour some thinner on the oil, use an old broom to thoroughly mix the thinner with the oil, and eventually, the oil will dry along with the thinner with very little or no little signs of the oil ever being on the floor.

Another product that works great for cleaning engine parts is Greased Lightning^® Multi Purpose Cleaner. But use caution when using this product! It will remove paint also. So it's best to use it on bare metal or parts that need repainting.

For stubborn or caked-on grime, use an oven cleaner, such as EASY-OFF^® or equivalent. Use the fume-free brand so you can breath. If using the heavy duty brand, use in a well-ventilated area and be sure to wear a dust mask or surgical face mask. (If you don't, you may wish you did.) Just spray the steel and cast iron parts thoroughly, let set for 15-30 minutes, then blast the grime and debris off with a minimum 1,000 psi water pressure washer. Pressure from an household garden hose just won't cut it. After cleaning, blow dry the parts and be sure to coat the bare metal with WD-40 or light oil so it won't rust. If oven cleaner won't remove the stubborn grime, take the cast iron and steel parts to an automotive machine shop to have them "hot tanked", and have the aluminum parts sandblasted. Try to avoid getting oven cleaner on aluminum. The acid in oven cleaners will cause aluminum to have a "light corrosion" or "chalky" look after it dries. I don't suggest sandblasting cast iron engine blocks or related parts because some of the sand can become lodged in the pores of the cast iron and loosen when the engine is in operation, causing severe internal engine wear. Personally, I thoroughly coat the parts with fume-free oven cleaner from Dollar General and then use my 1,000 psi water pressure washer to clean the block and related parts. Works great every time!

Or if you've ever noticed when dirty, greasy and oily automotive parts are left outside and exposed to the weather for several years, how rain water from the sky will wash off the dirt, grease and oil down to the bare metal? Well, try soaking dirty, greasy or oily engine parts in a tub of plain, cold water. Add windshield washer fluid or a water-based engine degreaser, such as Simple Green Degreaser, Greased Lightning Degreaser, etc. to help with the cleaning process. Don't agitate or heat (boil) the water to try to clean the parts better, for this will introduce oxygen in the water, which could cause the metal parts to rust. After soaking for 3-4 days, take the parts out, and use a minimum 1,000 psi pressure washer to thoroughly clean the parts immediately to prevent rusting due to exposure to the atmosphere. Coat the parts with WD-40 to any bare metal to disperse the moisture. I've done this before and it works great!

How to Remove Surface Rust from a Cast Iron Engine Block or Cylinder Head -

EVAPO-RUST^® and Metal Rescue™ are very safe products to use and works wonders to remove rust and loosen virtually any rusted or corroded metal part! Just soak the rusted or rusty part for 1 hour for light rust and up to 12 hours for extremely heavy rust. These products are very safe to use and they work wonders on virtually anything that's rusted!

Or use a heavy duty bathroom toilet bowl cleaner. Most of them will remove rust and scale. If it reads on the label that it will remove rust, then that's the one to use. This is what I use on some of the blocks I get in that need cleaning. I just apply the cleaner on the block, allow it to soak for about 30 minutes and then use a minimum 1,000 psi pressure washer to thoroughly clean the part. The rust and grime will come right off!

GUNK Liquid Wrench® also works wonders to loosen virtually any rusted or corroded metal part! Just spray the ends of the throttle or choke shaft, let soak for about 30 minutes or perhaps overnight, then use small Vise Grips to GENTLY rotate the shaft back and forth . Don't force it because it could become twisted and/or break off at the closest plate retaining screw hole! It may rotate (loosen) just a few thousandths of an inch. After it rotates slightly, spray it again and gently rotate it again. Eventually, it should rotate more and swivel 100% free.

How to Get More Power Out of a Stock Engine -

It takes three things to make an internal combustion engine run: compression, carburetion and ignition. There's three things that make an internal combustion engine run: Carburetion, compression and ignition. Fuel needs to get to the carburetor and then into the engine. The engine needs to have adequate compression to fully compress the air/fuel mixture to make power. And the ignition needs to be strong enough to ignite the air/fuel mixture. The ignition timing must also need to be set correctly to ignite the air/fuel mixture precisely at 20° BTDC to take full advantage of the exploding gases. Actually, it takes four things to make an engine run, including the starting system. If an engine won't start or if it's hard to start, and it has adequate compression, the carburetor and ignition seems to be working fine, then the only thing left is the starting system. Perhaps the starter motor or battery is going bad. They probably appear to be operating normal, but maybe one or the other isn't cranking the engine over fast enough to produce adequate compression to start the engine. I've seen this happen a few times. But if the compression, carburetion or ignition is weak or defective, power will be decreased dramatically. When checking for loss of power, always check the following things:
ü Carburetion is when an adequate amount of fuel and air mixture enters an engine smoothly.
ü Check the ignition timing. If the timing is retarded or over advanced, the engine will lose power and run sluggish. Check for a worn points lobe on the camshaft, too.
ü Compression is when the air/fuel mixture is adequately pressurized in the combustion chamber on the compression stroke. The secret to gaining more horsepower and torque is increase the compression ratio and improve the air flow in and out of the combustion chamber.
ü Another way to gain more power from the high RPM is to install a special camshaft along with larger diameter valves, performance valve job, stiffer valve springs and porting/polishing the intake and exhaust runners.
ü Apply J-B Weld (apply at room temperature, allow to fully cure in 24 hours) inside the intake port and smooth it so the air will flow without any restrictions into the combustion chamber. This works great. But before applying the J-B Weld, make sure the port is absolutely clean or the J-B Weld will not bond to the engine block.
ü and a few other things that's mentioned elsewhere in my pulling tips web sites.

FYI - When everything that's mentioned here is performed to an engine, it should produce maximum power. But if just a few things are performed, the power will be increased, but not to the maximum. For example: if the valves are reworked for more airflow, then the intake and exhaust runners would also need to be enlarged, and the carburetor would need to be bored to take full advantage of the maximum airflow. But if the intake runner isn't enlarged, this would create a "bottle neck," and air will be restricted. The same goes for the valves and carburetor. Also, if a cam with more duration is installed, then the valve and air intake system would need to be maximized to take full advantage of the performance camshaft. But if just the cylinder head is milled, and nothing else is done to the engine, this alone should add a few ponies to an engine. The same goes when just popping the piston out of the cylinder. Each time a performance thing is done to an engine, power output will be increased. But if a series of things are performed, such as maximizing the air intake system, they can work together for better engine performance.

When it's time to put more muscle in an engine...

In order for an engine to turn at extremely high RPM (6,000+), the compression ratio and air flow in and out of the combustion chamber must be increased to the maximum. The secret to increased engine performance is to get as much air (and fuel) into the combustion chamber, and get it out as quickly as possible. (Remember - engine performance is entertainment to the spectators.) For the compression ratio to be increased, the air entering the combustion chamber must be squeezed as tight as possible.

The only things that can cause an engine to overheat and loose power are as follows:

• Clogged cooling fins or broken fins on the flywheel
• Too high compression ratio for the grade of gas being used
• Ignition timing advanced too much
• Lean fuel mixture
• Vacuum leak at the carburetor, which will also cause a lean fuel mixture.

Get Maximum Horsepower and Torque from a "Basically Stock" Kohler 10-16hp K-Series or Magnum Engine -

Approximately 48% more horsepower and torque can be produced from a basically "stock" single cylinder flathead Kohler engine. This means that approximately 15hp can be produced from a 10hp, 17hp from a 12hp, 20hp from a 14hp and 23hp from a 16hp governed engine at 4,000 RPM (the factory setting of maximum RPM for virtually all small gas engines, including all of Kohler engines is 3,600) on Premium gasoline! And if the majority of the fins are removed from the flywheel, or if a steel flywheel is used, this will add about 3-4 more hp at 4,000 RPM per engine! Also, about 10% to 13% more power can be produced with E-85 or methanol fuels! Click here for information regarding E-85 fuel. The above È figures was computed using Mr. Gasket's DeskTop Dyno computer application. (Do a search on the Internet for this application.) And even more power can be produced above 4,000 RPM! But be sure to install a billet steel flywheel, connecting rod and scatter shields whenever running an engine above 4,000 RPM! The compression ratio must be increased in order to increase the power output. Click here for references to various compression ratios. After modifications have been made, the increase in power will definitely be noticeable!

For competition pulling only, remove or disable the operation of parasitic accessories from the engine (which robs horsepower and causes drag on the engine), such as the starter/generator or alternator charging system, and including reducing the height of the fins by about 3/4 on the flywheel. Click here to learn how to do this.

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If you want any of the services offered below, please contact A-1 Miller's Performance Enterprises | 1501 W. Old Plank Rd. | Columbia, MO 65203-9136 USA | Phone: 1-573-256-0313 (shop) | 1-573-881-7229 (cell). Please call Monday-Friday (except Holidays), 9am to 5pm, Central time zone. If no answer, please try again later. (When speaking with Brian, please be patient because I stutter.) A-1 Miller's shop is open to the public, including weekends. Please call before coming so I'll be here waiting for your arrival. Fax: 1-573-449-7347. E-mail: pullingtractor@aol.com. Directions to our shop | 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO - Google Maps or Map of 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO by MapQuest.

Dynamic Precision Spin-Balancing Service - Balance (cast or steel) flywheel for Kohler 10-16hp cast iron block engine. $60.00 each labor, plus return shipping and handling. Balance cast iron (Kohler) crankshaft and matching connecting rod and piston assembly. $200.00 per rotating assembly, plus return shipping & handling. NOTE: I will need to take your parts to the only reputable and trusted automotive machine shop in central Missouri (Jefferson City) that does professional engine balancing. Or you can contact Precision Machine, Inc. (PMI) to have your rotating assembly precision spin-balanced. They are located at 1703 Christy Drive, Jefferson City, MO 65101. Phone: 573-635-7214. Return To Previous Paragraph or Section

A-1 Miller's Fully Computerized Stuska Water Brake Engine Dynamometer (Dyno) Service! For performance testing engines up to 200hp at speeds up to 12,000 RPM. The only engine dyno service in Missouri for Kohler pulling engines! Now set up and fully operational, customers can rent dyno time, fine tune and make adjustments or changes to their engines for maximum horsepower and torque, and print-out the results so their tractor(s) will be truly competitive on the track. Engine Dyno Rental Fee: $30.00 per hour run time from the moment the engine is started. No setup fee for Cub Cadet engines with a 3- or 6-pin/stud clutch driver. An adapter may need to be needed or fabricated for other makes and models of engines. Only engines with the narrow base oil pan can be tested. Engines with the wide base (tall) oil pan cannot be tested at this time.

And depending on battery drainage and need for recharging, to be precise, and with the engine running at 3,600 RPM, the generator part of the starter/generator unit or alternator stator use about 3/8hp (of engine power) when it recharges a fully discharged battery at full 15 amps; about 5/8hp at full 20 amps; and about 7/8hp at full 30 amps. But if the battery doesn't need much recharging, the charging system draws less hp from the engine. I know this small amount isn't much, but every hp counts in competition pulling. So to reserve this power for pulling, disconnect the generator or alternator from charging the battery (and powering other accessories as well) simply by splitting the wire that connects to the FIELD terminal (the smaller wire and terminal) on a s/g unit and splitting the wire that connects to the center terminal on the voltage rectifier/regular of an alternator system. Then connect an ordinary OFF/ON toggle switch in that wire or circuit to turn off and on the charging current. And it'll be best not to spin the s/g when pulling. Being it has radial ball bearings, the excessive spinning won't hurt it. But being the V-belt causes drag, depending on belt tension, it can use up to 2hp of engine power just to spin it. This is also power that can be put to the rear tires for pulling. Besides, wouldn't it be better to spin the tires than the starter/generator? So to disengage the s/g belt, install threaded studs with locknuts on the s/g bracket and install a heavy spring on the s/g so it'll remain close to the engine. To crank the engine, install the belt on the pulleys, then pull out on the s/g with a fabricated handle to tighten the belt. After the engine starts, release the s/g and flip the belt off. But use caution doing this for an obvious reason!

Briggs and Stratton, Tecumseh, Onan and Kohler's cast iron block 7hp and 8hp, and the twin cylinder flathead engines are all somewhat limited on what can be done to boost their horsepower and torque. These engines are built from the factory to produce as much power as they possibly can, and still run safely on low octane gasoline. Therefore, very few modifications can be perform to help increase the power output. The only alternative is to use a bigger engine.

The increase in the compression will cause the combustion chamber to operate at a higher temperature. If low octane gas (87 octane) is used, and because low octane gas burns more rapidly than high octane gas, it'll burn hotter in a high compression engine, causing the piston and rings to overheat and wear out much sooner. Therefore, high octane gas (at least 91 octane [Premium]) must be used in a high compression engine because it burns slower and it maintains a cooler operating temperature within the combustion chamber. It'll help the engine last longer plus the high octane gas will help to produce more power. Also, it's safe to use just ordinary unleaded [high octane] gasoline with no additives (except what's already been formulated with the gasoline at the pump). Premium gasoline is the highest octane automotive gas you can get at your local filling station or convenience store.

High compression engines naturally operate at a higher operating temperature. So when using low octane gasoline (87 octane rating) in a high compression engine, the octane of the gas is reduced by 1 point for every 10º above the operating combustion chamber temperature that it is formulated for. This will cause the gas to burn faster and cause the engine to lose power. "Detonation" (pounding of the piston) could also occur. When trying to restart an overheated high compression engine on low octane gas, what is happening is the gas is burning quickly and entirely in the combustion chamber, and producing expanding heat before the piston reaches TDC, driving the piston back down in the cylinder before it reaches TDC. It'll cause the engine to "runt, runt" or momentarily make the crankshaft rotate in the opposite direction (but the weight of the flywheel prevents this from happening). Overheating could also crack the [cast iron] cylinder, shrink the piston, burn a hole in the piston (detonation) and weaken the expansion of the piston rings. Methanol fuel has an octane rating of 135. This is why methanol works best in high compression engines.

If you have a stock, low compression engine, then it won't benefit whatsoever from using high octane fuel. All it'll do is waste fuel (some of the fuel will go unburned and exit out the exhaust) and the engine won't develop full power, even with advanced timing. So it's best just to use low octane fuel for best performance.

In an ordinary engine that's built-to-factory-specs (with no modifications), it's OK to use just 87 octane gasoline. If you were to use high octane gas in a low compression engine, you'll just be wasting money and gas. Because some of the gas will go out the exhaust unburned, with no increase in horsepower whatsoever.

If you need even more power, remember the old saying? "There's No Substitute for Cubic Inches!" (Only when the engine is naturally-aspirated.)

If you're running a K241/M10 (10hp) Kohler engine in a class that allow up to a K301/M12 (12hp) engine, there's no need to go out and acquire a K301/M12 (12hp) block, and then have all the fancy machine work that was originally done on the 10hp block. Instead, a 10 can be easily converted into a 12 by having the cylinder bored for a K301/M12 (12hp) piston assembly, a 12, 14, 16 or 18hp connecting rod, and a K301/M12 (12hp) crankshaft.

NOTE: Certain K-series K241 (10hp) Kohler engine blocks have K301 embossed in the casting on the PTO end, but the engine exactly have a 10hp bore and stroke. (Kohler used the K301 blocks for 10hp engines when they ran out of K241 blocks to keep up with the demand from equipment manufacturers.) These particular blocks have a thicker cylinder wall and can be safely bored for a K301/M12 (12hp) piston (even up to .040" oversize), without making the cylinder wall too thin. They cannot be bored for a K321/M14 (14hp) piston though. Being the 10hp and 12hp engines appear virtually the same on the outside, the only way to truly tell if this block or engine is actually a 10hp or 12hp is to accurately measure the bore and stroke. The 10hp's STD bore is 3.250" and the stroke is 2.875". The 12hp's STD bore is 3.375" and the stroke is 3.250".

The K301 blocks with a 10hp bore can be safely bored for use with a K301/M12 (12hp) piston. The K301 blocks are actually a K301/M12 (12hp) block with a 10hp bore. There's nothing special about this blocks, except for the thicker cylinder wall. They weren't used in any "heavy duty" specific purpose either. What happened is on the production line at Kohler, when they ran out of 10hp blocks, they grabbed a bunch of K301/M12 (12hp) blocks and bored them for use with a 10hp piston to finish the production of a bunch of 10hp engines. And not all Kohler blocks that have the K301 characters are actually 10hp blocks. Some are bored for a K301/M12 (12hp) piston assembly (3.375" STD size bore) and therefore, are a K301/M12 (12hp) block. The ones that are bored for a 10hp piston assembly (3.250" STD size bore) have a thicker cylinder wall and therefore, are a 10hp block. To determine which block is which, the diameter of the cylinder bore needs to be accurately measured.

How to Create a 27 CID Hybrid Kohler Engine Model K271 (Stroker K241/M10 (10hp) Engine) - An ingenious and innovative concept by Brian Miller, because nobody else mentions this online. To create a 27 CID hybrid Kohler engine model K271 (Stroker 10hp), the parts to use are: K241/M10 (10hp) block. K241/M10 (10hp) piston/rings assembly. K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 (16hp) stock connecting rod, or a 5.7" billet rod with a 1.500" plain aluminum journal hole. K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 (16hp) or K361 (18hp OHV) crankshaft. This combination of parts will create a 27 cubic inch engine, or hybrid model K271, or a "stroker 10hp engine." With a STD size [10hp] piston, this engine will have a 3.250" bore and 3.250" stroke, resulting in a 26.96 cubic inch displacement engine. For strength and durability, especially if it's built to the max, it's best to use a model K241 (10hp) block with K301 embossed on the PTO end, like the one pictured above È. These particular blocks have an extra thick cylinder wall. If this engine is built to the max at 4,000 RPM with reworked stock size valves, ported, quality performance torque cam and a bored-out 1.2" carburetor, it'll produce about 19hp and 25 ft. lb. of torque at 4,000 RPM. But if built to the max at wide open throttle with reworked stock size valves, ported, big performance cam and bored-out 1.2" carburetor, it'll produce about 29hp at 7,000 RPM and 22 ft. lb. of torque at 6,000 RPM Here's how to make it happen: For installation of bearing inserts in the connecting rod, the big end will need to be bored .080" offset toward the oil dipper so the piston will come flush with the top of the block, or it can be bored .100" offset toward the oil dipper for a .020" piston pop-out. If boring the rod didn't remove metal from the entire circumference of the hole, roughen the uncut portion with 60 grit sandpaper, apply J-B Weld (use at room temperature) to the uncut area, allow the J-B Weld to fully cure (harden) in 24 hours, then resize the hole so it'll be a perfect circle. Otherwise, the bearing inserts will not fit the crank journal correctly. The wrist pin hole in the piston will need to be enlarged to exactly .8755" for use with the 12, 14, 16hp flathead or 18hp OHV ALCOA rod's wrist pin, or the wrist pin hole in the rod can be reduced with a bronze bushing i.d. of .8594" (55/64") for use with the 10hp piston's wrist pin. Being a heavier crankshaft is to be used, the crankshaft (rotating assembly) will need to be rebalanced, or the engine will vibrate severely and possibly self-destruct. This means that weight will need to be subtracted from the counterweights on the crankshaft so the rotating assembly will be properly balanced. Click here to learn how to statically balance an engine. The lower sides of the cylinder wall may need to be clearanced (ground away) for the connecting rod due to the longer stroke. Giving an engine a longer stroke will gain an edge over the competition. Click here for an explanation of why a longer stroke works better. If building this type of engine for competition pulling, check your club's sanctioning rules so this engine will be legal within its class!

How to Create a 25.7, 27.7, 31.6 CID Hybrid Kohler Engine Model K261, K281 or K321 - An ingenious and innovative concept by Brian Miller, because nobody else mentions this online. To create a 25.7, 27.7 or 31.6 CID hybrid Kohler model K261 (Destroked 12hp), K281 (Destroked 14hp), or K321 (Destroked 16hp) engine, the parts to use are: K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp), or K341/M16 (16hp) engine block. K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp), or K341/M16 (16hp) piston/rings assembly. Stock K241/M10 (10hp) connecting rod, or a 5.558" (10hp) billet rod with a 1.500" plain aluminum hole. K241/M10 (10hp) crankshaft. This combination of parts will create a de-stroked K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp) or K341 (16hp) Kohler engine. The K261 will use a K301/M12 (12hp) block; the K281 will use a K321/M14 (14hp) block, and the K321 will use a K341/M16 (16hp) block. NOTE: If an ordinary K241 (10hp) block is bored for use with a K301 (12hp) piston and rings, this would leave the cylinder wall about 1/8" thick, and the cylinder could separate from the crankcase resulting in an engine explosion on a cool night when the air is dense. Therefore, if a 10hp block is used, it's highly recommended that a cylinder restraint strap be installed to secure the cylinder to the crankcase. If the hybrid model K261 is built to the max at 4,000 RPM with reworked stock size valves, ported, quality performance torque cam and a bored-out 1.2" carburetor, it'll produce about 16½hp and 23 ft. lb. of torque at 4,000 RPM. And if built to the max at wide open throttle with reworked stock size valves, ported, big performance cam and bored-out 1.2" carburetor, it'll produce about 26hp at 7,500 RPM and 22 ft. lb. of torque at 6,000 RPM. If the hybrid model K281 is built to the max at 4,000 RPM with reworked stock size valves, ported, quality performance torque cam and a bored-out 1.2" carburetor, it'll produce about 22hp and 28 ft. lb. of torque at 4,000 RPM. And if built to the max at wide open throttle with reworked stock size valves, ported, big performance cam and bored-out 1.2" carburetor, it'll produce about 30hp at 7,000 RPM and 25 ft. lb. of torque at 6,500 RPM. If the hybrid model K321 (by the way - this is NOT for the original K321/14hp Kohler engine) is built to the max at 4,000 RPM with reworked stock size valves, ported, quality performance torque cam and a bored-out 1.2" carburetor, it'll produce about 25hp and 33 ft. lb. of torque at 4,000 RPM. And if built to the max at wide open throttle with reworked stock size valves, ported, big performance cam and bored-out 1.2" carburetor, it'll produce about 36hp at 7,500 RPM and 30 ft. lb. of torque at 6,000 RPM. Here's how to make it happen: For installation of bearing inserts in the connecting rod, the big end will need to be bored .070" offset toward the wrist pin hole so the piston will come flush with the top of the block, or it can be bored .050" offset toward the wrist pin hole for a .020" piston pop-out. NOTE: If boring the rod didn't remove metal from the entire circumference of the hole, roughen the uncut portion with 60 grit sandpaper, apply J-B Weld (use at room temperature) to the uncut portion, allow the J-B Weld to fully cure (harden) in 24 hours, then resize the hole so it'll be a perfect circle. Otherwise, the bearing inserts will not fit the crank journal correctly. The wrist pin hole in the K241/M10 (10hp) rod will need to be enlarged to exactly .8755" for use with the K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp) or 16hp piston's wrist pin. Being a heavier piston assembly is to be used, the crankshaft (rotating assembly) will need to be rebalanced, or the engine will vibrate severely and possibly self-destruct. This means that weight will need to be added to the counterweights on the K241/M10 (10hp) crankshaft so the rotating assembly will be properly balanced. Click here to learn how to statically balance an engine. If building this type of engine for competition pulling, check your club's sanctioning rules so this engine will be legal within its class!

How to Create a 38.3, 39.5 or 40.8 CID Hybrid Kohler Engine Model K381 or K411 - An ingenious and innovative concept by Brian Miller, because nobody else mentions this online. This is considered "old school technology" by today's standards, but it still works great when the rules require that the engine have the stock stroke, but a bigger bore. This is how pullers built their engines for the Missouri Modified class back in the day before CNC-machined steel stroker crankshafts and various length billet rods were available. And if these engines are built right, they should be very competitive for pulling. Plus, these type of engines are economically to build compared to the engines nowadays. Anyway, the parts to use are: Use a 12 (or 13) fin K341/M16 (16hp) Kohler engine block for the 38.3 or 40 CID engine, or a 13 fin K341 (16hp) block for the 40.8 CID engine. For the 38.3 CID engine, use a STD size (3.875") 307 Chevrolet (V8) OEM-type cast piston, rings and wrist pin. For a 40 CID pulling engine, use a .060" oversize (3.9375") 307 Chevrolet (V8) OEM-type cast piston, rings and wrist pin. For the 40.8 CID engine, use a STD size (4") 327 Chevrolet (V8) OEM-type cast piston, rings and wrist pin. IMPORTANT! For more accurate engine balance, reduced vibration and longevity, the Chevy piston and wrist pin will need to be lightened (reduced in weight) to closely match the weight of an OEM Kohler piston. Use an OEM Kohler K341/M16 16hp new style "thick beam" connecting rod. This particular forged rod has a thick beam section, which makes it just as strong as a billet rod, and with bearing inserts installed and when the rotating assembly is dynamically and precision spin-balanced, it's suitable for high RPM and wide open throttle engine operation. Use a K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 (16hp) or K361 (18hp OHV) stock stroke cast crankshaft. These cranks require less ballast weight for balancing, than using a K301/M12 (12hp) crankshaft, which would require A LOT MORE ballast weight for balancing. The K341/M16 engines have a STD bore of 3.750". With the 3-7/8" 307 piston, it'll have a 1/8" overbore. And with the 4" 327 piston, it'll have a 1/4" overbore. The 307 (1968-1973) and 327 (1962-1969) piston, rings and wrist pin are available at most auto parts supply stores. Coincidentally, the 307 and 327 Chevy engines have the same stroke as the Kohler K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361 engines, which is 3.250". The K341/M16 engines with a STD size 3-3/4" Kohler piston, stock 3.250" stroke crankshaft and stock head, they have a compression ratio of 7.4:1. But with a STD size 3-7/8" 307 piston, a stock stroke crankshaft and stock head, the compression ratio will be 7.7:1. And with a STD size 4" 327 piston, a stock stroke crankshaft and stock head, the compression ratio will be 8:1. If the 38.3 CID engine is built to the max at 4,000 RPM with reworked stock size valves, enlarged intake and exhaust runners, a quality performance torque cam and a bored-out 1.2" carburetor, it'll produce about 28hp and 37 ft. lb. of torque at 4,000 RPM. And if the 40.8 CID engine is built to the max at 4,000 RPM with reworked stock size valves, enlarged intake and exhaust runners, a quality performance torque cam and a bored-out 1.2" carburetor, it'll produce about 30hp and 39 ft. lb. of torque at 3,500 RPM. Here's how to make it happen: According to which Chevy piston is used, the cylinder will need to be bored to either 3.875" (307) or 4.000" (327). The 13 fin block has a thicker cylinder wall. It's more suitable for the 4" piston. Either piston will leave the cylinder wall thinner - more prone to separation or breakage, especially if used in a 12 fin 16hp block or the 18hp OHV block. Therefore, a cylinder restraint strap is highly recommended. Fill in the valve reliefs in either piston with aluminum welding to slightly raise the compression, then grind or machine the weld flush with the top of the piston. Leave the notch untouched. (The notch faces the flywheel end of the engine.) IMPORTANT! For more accurate engine balance, reduced vibration and longevity, the Chevy piston and wrist pin will need to be lightened (reduced in weight) to closely match the weight of an OEM Kohler piston. A groove will need to be ground or machined at each end of the wrist pin hole in either piston for a 15/16" or 24mm internal snap ring to retain the floating wrist pin. The Chevy wrist pin for either piston will need to be ground narrower to clear the snap rings when installed. The Kohler K341 and K361 pistons have a compression height of 1.7", and the 307 and 327 OEM-type cast Chevy pistons have a compression height of 1.655", resulting in a negative .045" difference. Therefore... For the top of either Chevy piston to come flush with the top of the block at TDC, the big hole in a (preferably new style/thick beam) Kohler connecting rod will need to be bored .045" offset toward the oil dipper, and install bearing inserts, which are highly recommended. For the top of either Chevy piston to pop out of the cylinder .020" at TDC, bore the big hole in the Kohler rod .065" offset toward the oil dipper, and install bearing inserts. Due to the .060" side to side offset wrist pin (this reduces side thrust friction against the cylinder wall), install either Chevy piston with the notch facing the flywheel end of the engine. (Just like the 16hp Kohler piston.) Being a heavier piston and rings assembly will be used, the crankshaft will definitely need to be precision spin-balanced, or the engine will vibrate severely and possibly self-destruct. This means that weight will need to be added to the counterweights on the crankshaft so the engine will run smooth. The sides of the rod journal on the crank may need to be ground away too, to obtain proper balance. Click here to learn how to statically balance an engine. IMPORTANT! For more accurate engine balance, reduced vibration and longevity, the Chevy piston and wrist pin will need to be lightened (reduced in weight) to closely match the weight of an OEM Kohler piston. If building this type of engine for competition pulling, check your club's sanctioning rules so this engine will be legal within its class!

How to Build a 30 Cubic Inch (NQS Outlaw) Pulling Engine - To build a competitive 30 cubic inch pulling engine, acquire a newer K301/M12 (12hp) Kohler block with a large intake port, have the cylinder bored to .050" oversize for a 3.425" aftermarket (J&E or Arias) piston/rings assembly, and use a stock stroke (3.250") crankshaft. This bore and stroke combination calculates to 29.94 c.i. (Install a 1.8" offset intake valve and a 1.5" offset exhaust valve, big steel cam, billet head, and use a 44mm Mikuni carburetor with about an 8" length extension.) The piston and rod combination to use for this particular bore and stroke are as follows: Piston compression height of .875", with an aftermarket billet connecting rod of 6.125" in length will bring the piston flush with the top of the engine block. No rods are available for a piston pop out with this particular piston. Piston compression height of 1", with an aftermarket billet connecting rod of 6.000" in length will bring the piston flush with the top of the engine block. For a .062" pop out, use a 6.062" rod. For a .125" pop out, use a 6.125" rod. Piston compression height of 1.125", with an aftermarket billet connecting rod of 5.875" in length will bring the piston flush with the top of the engine block. For a .062" piston pop out, use a 5.937" rod. For a .125" pop out, use a 6.000" rod. But to build a truly competitive 30 c.i. pulling engine, use a 10hp/K241 Kohler block with K301 embossed on the PTO end, for strength and durability, like the one pictured above È.) To build a stroker 30 c.i. engine, the cylinder will need to be bored to 3.300" and a steel crankshaft with a 3.500" stroke will need to be used. This combination of bore and stroke will calculate to 29.94 cubic inches. (Install an offset 1.8" intake valve and a [centered] 1.5" exhaust valve, .530" lift steel cam, billet head, and use a 44mm Mikuni carburetor with about an 8" length extension.) The piston and rod combination to use for this particular bore and stroke are as follows: Piston compression height of .875" with an aftermarket billet connecting rod of 6" in length will bring the piston flush with the top of the engine block. For a .062" piston pop out, use a 6.062" rod. For a .125" pop out, use a 6.125" rod. Piston compression height of 1" with an aftermarket billet connecting rod of 5.875" in length will bring the piston flush with the top of the engine block. For a .062" pop out, use a 5.937" rod. For a .125" pop out, use a 6" rod. Piston compression height of 1.125" with an aftermarket billet connecting rod of 5.750" in length will bring the piston flush with the top of the engine block. For a .062" pop out, use a 5.812" rod. For a .125" pop out, use a 5.875" rod. The longer stroke works better for more torque at high RPMs. Due to the small bore and long stroke, this combination produces more torque (lugging power) at high RPM or at wide open throttle than building a K301/M12 (12hp) block with a .050" overbore and stock stroke (3.250") crankshaft. If the engine is built correctly, and if the correct camshaft and gearing is used, it'll give the competition a kick in their butt! No joke. Use the same size valves, cylinder head and carburetor as the stock stroke engine above È. This bore and stroke combination is legal in the NQS's rules, as long as the cubic inch displacement does not exceed 30. With the 3.300" bore and 3.500" stroke, the cubic inches will be 29.94. But to be closer to 30 cubic inches, have a STD size crank journal ground .015" offset, resulting in a .030" undersize journal, lengthening the stroke to 3.5075". The results with the 3.300" bore and a 3.5075" stroke, the cubic inches will be 29.999, which is slightly under the legal limit. Doing this will gain an edge over the competition. Click here for an explanation of why a longer stroke works better.

Gain More Power and Torque by Moving the [16hp] Piston Closer to the Valves!

Only the OEM 16hp (K341) and 18hp OHV (K361) Kohler engine blocks, the center of the cylinder bore is offset .250" (1/4") with the centerline of the crankshaft main radial ball bearings. Because of the much larger bore, the piston is moved further away from the valves. On OEM pistons, the wrist pin is also located off-center .010" so they'll be less thrust (friction) on the cylinder wall, and this will allow the connecting rod to operate correctly. That's why these particular pistons have a notch in them indicating that the notch must face toward the flywheel.

In a high performance 16hp engine, if the cylinder is bored in its original location (when the piston is installed off-center), and at high RPM or at wide open throttle, this will create a lot of friction in the area of the cylinder wall that's closest to the valves. To minimize or reduce this power-wasting friction, have the cylinder bored inline or centered with the center of the main radial ball bearings, or closest to the center of the main radial ball bearings as possible, depending on the diameter of the piston to be installed. More compression will be produced by doing this, too.

The best way to do this is acquire a [13 fin] 16hp block with an unworn, standard size cylinder. The reason it's best to use an unworn, standard size cylinder is for example, if a 3.825" (.075" oversized) diameter piston is going to be used, the cylinder will need to be bored .030" closer to the valves. The piston will then travel .030" closer with the main radial ball bearings. The piston still wouldn't be centered, but it'll be closer than the 1/4" offset. Larger diameter pistons may not be moved this close to the valves though. But it will help greatly in the performance characteristics.

All Kohler K-series and Magnum models K241/M10 (10hp), K301/M12 (12hp) and K321/M14 (14hp) engine blocks have 13 cooling fins. Otherwise, there's really nothing else special about these blocks. Except for certain K-series K241 (10hp) blocks that have K301 embossed on the PTO end, which have a thicker cylinder wall. These blocks works best for the 30 cubic inch class pulling tractors with a stroker engine.

Differences Between the 12 fin and 13 fin 16hp OEM Kohler blocks, and the (Kohler-Replicated 16hp) Aftermarket Blocks -

• The 12 fin 16hp Kohler K341 K-series and M16 Magnum engine blocks have a curved indentation in the cooling fins (clearance for a straight oil fill/dipstick tube) and a threaded hole at the bottom of the cylinder. Count the number of fins from the PTO end of the block. These blocks have a thinner cylinder wall than the 13 fin block. These blocks are most commonly used for light duty lawn and garden equipment applications, and when used for a competition pulling application, can be safely bored up to a 3.937" piston without danger of seriously weakening the integrity of the cylinder wall. A cylinder restraint strap is highly recommended, especially when burning methanol fuel.
• But the 13 fin 16hp Kohler K341 K-series engine block have a thicker cylinder wall. Count the number of fins from the PTO end of the block. This block is somewhat rare, and used mainly for heavy duty industrial applications, and when used for a competition pulling application, can be safely bored up to a 4.000" piston without danger of seriously weakening the integrity of the cylinder wall. A cylinder restraint strap is highly recommended too, especially when burning methanol fuel. Both the 12 fin and 13 fin blocks originally have a STD cylinder bore of 3.750".
• If a bigger piston is needed to be used than mentioned above, it's advised to use an aftermarket block, such as Eburg, J2 or Jones. All of these blocks are made of high quality material, and one is not better than the other (quoted by Donnie Sample, of Lakota Racing). These blocks have a much thicker cylinder wall than a 13 fin block and can be safely bored for up to a 4.500" piston. And JE high quality aftermarket high performance pistons, billet connecting rods, etc., can be purchased from Lakota Racing (http://www.lakotaracing.com).

Here's something to think about: Between the factory-stock K301/M12 (12hp) and K321/M14 (14hp) engines, there's 2.19 cubic inches of difference. This means you get 2 more horsepower for that much difference. But between the stock 14hp and 16hp engines, there's a whopping 4.63 cubic inches of difference, for just 2 more horsepower! The reason for this is because the friction that the piston place against the cylinder wall in the 16hp robs the engine of valuable power. Kohler had to add more cubic inches just to get a maximum of 16hp out of their K341 engine at 3,600 RPM.

And if you're wondering, the cylinder bore is centered in all the [Jones, Julian, etc.] aftermarket blocks.

Do not attempt doing the above È on the 10hp, K301/M12 (12hp) or K321/M14 (14hp) engines! The cylinder on these engines are bored centered with the centerline of the main radial ball bearings. Which should remain this way even for a pulling engine.

Is it worth it moving the piston in a 16hp Kohler?

Engines that use a piston or pistons with a notch have an offset wrist pin. The factory had to do this on a lot of big bore engine blocks because the cylinder bore is offset with the crankshaft main radial ball bearing centerline. To lessen wear on one side of the piston, the offset wrist pin allow the piston to operate straight up and down in the cylinder and not at an angle. If it can be done, then it's definitely worth moving the bore closer to the centerline of the main radial ball bearings. The aftermarket Stock Altered block has the bore in the stock location (.250" off of the centerline of the crank, toward the starter side of the engine) and is not centered like some must think. Most all the NQS S/A have the bores shifted closer to the valves. By doing this you end up with a tighter combustion chamber for more compression and power. We've done it for a long time on the stock Kohler blocks by offset boring the engine toward the valves, then pressing in a sleeve and offset boring the sleeve. You have to leave about .100 to .125 wall thickness on the sleeve on the valve side to maintain the strength. Depending on how far you move it, the sleeve will show between the fins between the valve box and jug. However, its cheaper just to buy the S/A block and offset bore that, the unfinished bore of a S/A block is only about 3 1/2" so you can offset it quite a bit and still get the bore to cleanup. I paid around $1,000 to sleeve and offset bore an original Kohler block, but it can be done. As far aftermarket blocks that have the bores center over the crank is the Pro/Super Stock blocks like the J2 and others. - This information was provided by Julian Stahl.

Why a Longer-Than-Stock Stroke Works Better For competition pulling -

Many people (pullers) believe that an engine will produce more noticeable power and torque simply by boring the cylinder and installing a maximum of .030" or .040" oversize piston/rings assembly. But there's no need to do this, and it won't give the engine anymore noticeable power. The best thing to do is just bore the cylinder to the next oversize, if needed. Or if the cylinder is max'd out at .030" and worn, it can be either be bored for an aftermarket (made to OEM specs) .040" oversize piston and rings assembly (only for the K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361 [OHV] engines), or sleeved back to STD size for all other Kohler engines. See my list of STD size, .010", .020", .030" and .040" oversize pistons and rings further down in this web site. Ê

What makes an engine produce more noticeable power and torque is not necessarily a larger diameter piston, it's having a longer stroke. For example: there's a world of difference in torque between a K241/M10 (10hp) Kohler engine into a K301/M12 (12hp) Kohler engine. Unlike a healthy 10hp, a K301/M12 (12hp) engine in good condition will literally "pull you back in the seat" when accelerated quickly. This is because not only the 12hp has an 1/8" larger bore than the 10hp, but it has a much longer crankshaft stroke, 3/8" longer, to be exact! Plus, the 12hp engine has higher compression than the 10hp. Anyway, 12hp engines are able to produce 2 more horsepower than the 10hp because of three things: 1) 1/8" larger bore, 2) 3/8" longer stroke, and 3) higher compression ratio because the 12hp use the same cylinder head with the same size combustion chamber as the 10hp. But there's not really that much of a noticeable difference in power and torque between a 12hp and a 14hp engine, because the 14hp has an 1/8" larger bore, but it has the same length stroke as the 12hp. 14hp engines are able to produce 2 more horsepower than the 12hp because of two things: 1) 1/8" larger bore, and 2) higher compression ratio because they use the same cylinder head with the same size combustion chamber as the 12hp. Another example is the 7hp and 8hp Kohler engines. These are virtually identical in every way except for the length of the stroke. The 7hp has a stroke of 2.500", and the 8hp's stroke is 2.750". A 1/4" longer stroke (and higher compression due to the same cylinder head) results in 1hp more. The Kohler twin cylinder engine, KT17/M16/M18/MV18 (which are basically made identical) has a stroke of 2.750", and the KT19/M20/MV20 (which are basically made identical) engine's stroke is 3.063", resulting in about .313" (5/16" or 8mm) difference. The longer stroke is basically the main difference between these engine models. The 5/16" difference in stroke gives the bigger engines (KT19/M20/MV20) 2 more horsepower. Many new automotive engines in heavier vehicles nowadays (mainly trucks) have a small bore and long stroke. (Remember Ford's Power Stroke engine?) Simply because it works better for hauling heavy loads at higher RPMs!

A longer-than-stock stroke works best for more engine torque because at very high RPM or at wide open throttle, it takes less time for the flame front (combustion pressure) to travel down in the cylinder in an engine with a small bore and long stroke than it would to travel across the top of the piston in an engine with a large piston and short stroke. Therefore, due to the longer stroke, the fuel burns more thoroughly and the engine produces more torque (lugging power) from the expanding gases of the burning fuel. For competition pulling, with a short stroke engine, at very high RPM or at wide open throttle, and when the engine is under a load, some of the fuel will go unburned and out the exhaust, and full power will not be produced. A short stroke engine works best for light-weight racing applications, but not for pulling heavy loads. Racing engines and pulling engines are not built on the same principles. Racing engines require horsepower to produce more speed, and pulling engines require torque to produce more lugging power. This is why some "cheaters" in pulling competition run an illegal "stroker engine" in a class that require stock stroke engines. As a result, on a biting track, when all the legal [stock stroke] engines have run out of power, the stroker engine(s) will keep lugging on out the gate. This applies to all piston-powered engines, despite if it's a gas/alcohol burner, Diesel, 2- or 4-cycle. Return to previous paragraph È

If your club's rules allow a longer-than-stock stroke in any particular class, lengthen or increase the crankshaft's stroke slightly by grinding the crank journal .030" undersize with a .015" offset. Doing this will increase the stroke by .015". This would have to be done on an standard size, unworn journal. If the journal is worn, the amount of wear will have to be subtracted from the increase in stroke. Grinding the journal offset to increase the stroke is a way to slightly increase engine performance. It won't make a world of difference in engine performance, but it does help. Many professional high performance engine builders do this to gain three things:

• Increase the cubic inches to the max in accordance with the rules for more power and torque.
• Pop the piston out of the cylinder to increase the compression ratio.
• The smaller diameter journal will reduce friction at very high RPM. It'll allow an engine to turn freer, which will help to produce more power and torque.

Here's another thing to consider: half of the .015" increase in stroke is .0075". So .0075" plus the .020" offset rod adds up to .0275". Therefore, the piston will pop out of the cylinder at .0275". If the head was milled at .050", the clearance between the piston and head would be .0225". (.0275" - .050" = .0225".) This would still be a safe margin of clearance. The slightly longer stroke (Click here for an explanation of why a longer stroke works better.) would help to increase the power and torque, PLUS the increase of the compression ratio with the .050" milling of the head (remove the raised ridge that mates with the head gasket) would help in power and torque, too.

Also, a K241/M10 (10hp) block can be bored to use a K301/M12 (12hp) piston and a 12 hp block be bored to use a K321/M14 (14hp) piston, but this makes the cylinder wall very thin (approximately 1/8" thick). And it's safe to bore a K301 10hp block for use with a K301/M12 (12hp) piston. If an ordinary block is not going to be used for pulling, it should be OK. But if it is going to be used for pulling, It is highly recommended that a cylinder restraint strap (which is sometimes called a "head restraint") be installed (cylinder securely "fastened" to the crankcase) to prevent the possibility of cylinder/crankcase separation, which can be a terrible experience. Also, to maintain precision engine balance, a 14hp crankshaft must be used with the 14hp piston.

If methanol is going to be burned in an engine, and because the engine will have a thinner cylinder wall with increased compression, It is highly recommended that the cylinder be fastened to the crankcase, to prevent the possibility of cylinder/crankcase separation (engine explosion).

The only thing that retains the cylinder to the crankcase is the cylinder wall. If the cylinder is bored for an excessively large piston, this will make the cylinder wall extremely thin. Therefore, the purpose of the cylinder restraint strap (which is sometimes called a "head restraint"), is to prevent the CYLINDER WALL from separating from the CRANKCASE, which will result in a sudden (and possibly terrifying) engine explosion on a cool or cold day. The thicker the cylinder wall, the less chance the cylinder will separate from the crankcase.

When burning methanol fuel, with a thin cylinder wall, and if the cylinder isn't securely fastened to the crankcase, the engine will likely explode at wide open throttle while under a load on a cool night. The reason this will happen on a cool night is, because air is more dense when it's cool, making it "thicker". The colder air is, the "thicker" it becomes. (This is why it's easier to breathe on a cool day than on a hot day, or when in an air conditioned place.) Anyway, in a cool, dense-air environment, an engine, when run at wide open throttle, especially with a big cam, big ports and bigger valves, will build up more compression, placing a tremendous strain on the thin cylinder wall every time combustion occurs.

Furthermore, if you had a 10hp block bored for a K301/M12 (12hp) piston, or a K301/M12 (12hp) block bored for a 14hp piston, and you use your tractor to push snow, definitely fasten the cylinder to the crankcase! Because it now has a much thinner cylinder wall, and the cold winter air is more dense (like the air is thicker or there's more of it). Dense air will build up the compression pressure within the combustion chamber, causing the engine to produce more power. But what also happens is at full throttle, this high compression is pushing upward on the cylinder head, and pulling upward on the cylinder wall. And sometimes the cylinder wall will break, ruining the whole engine. I know, we've had this happen before. No joke.

Actually, it's in the foreseeable knowledge of the laws of physics on how a successful pulling engine (and entire tractor) is built. Plus, it's the combination of tractor and driver working together as one that does well at the pulls.

If a bigger flathead engine still won't give you enough power, then use an overhead valve engine. They'll produce more horsepower and torque per cubic inch than any flathead engine ever will.

The Cylinder Restraint Strap (Also Called a "Head Restraint")-

"Strapping" the cylinder to the crankcase is when a flat piece of heavy steel or aluminum is across the cylinder head and fastened by means of two 1/2" diameter threaded rods, one located just behind the flywheel and the other on the PTO end of the block. It keeps the cylinder from literately breaking loose from the crankcase because of a thin cylinder wall due to the installation of an excessively oversize piston and a big cam, which produce extremely high compression at wide open throttle. Position the strap directly over (center of) the cylinder and not between the piston and valves, or over the valve area. Only one strap is sufficient. There's no need to install two straps.

There's no need to install long threaded rods (All Thread) directly into the block or bearing plate to fabricate a head/cylinder restraint setup to fasten the cylinder to the crankcase. I've seen where some engine builders do this. It's much easier and less machine work to use two 3/16" x 1" flat pieces of steel welded-together to create an upside-down "T". Remove the flywheel, and fasten one "T" brace using the two upper bolts on the bearing plate. The brace should clear the raised ridges on the OEM Kohler large bearing plate (for the gear starter). With a small bearing plate however, the ridges will need to be ground away for clearance of the brace. And the other "T" brace is fastened on the PTO end of the block with a couple of 3/8" bolts. If there's no bolt holes, two 3/8" threaded holes will need to be made for mounting of the brace. Then measure, cut off, and align the threaded rods, and weld them to the "T' braces. Torque the strapping nuts to 10 ft. lb. each. Return To Previous Paragraph

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If you need a Professionally-Made Cylinder Restraint Strap Kit, please contact A-1 Miller's Performance Enterprises | 1501 W. Old Plank Rd. | Columbia, MO 65203-9136 USA | Phone: 1-573-256-0313 (shop) | 1-573-881-7229 (cell). Please call Monday-Friday (except Holidays), 9am to 5pm, Central time zone. If no answer, please try again later. (When speaking with Brian, please be patient because I stutter.) A-1 Miller's shop is open to the public, including weekends. Please call before coming so I'll be here waiting for your arrival. Fax: 1-573-449-7347. E-mail: pullingtractor@aol.com. Directions to our shop | 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO - Google Maps or Map of 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO by MapQuest. Please click here to place an order.

Cylinder Restraint Strap Kit for Kohler 10-16hp K-series and Magnum Engines. This setup is easy to remove and reinstall when it comes time to freshen the engine. It looks nice and very strong. Prevents cylinder/crankcase separation (engine explosion) during cool weather when cylinder is bored thin for an excessively oversize piston. A must for methanol-burning engines. Professionally made by Brian Miller. NOTE: An additional 3/8" threaded hole may need to be made for mounting of brace on PTO end of block. A-1 Miller part. $45.00 each kit, plus shipping & handling.

A K301/M12 (12hp) block definitely can't be bored for use with a 16hp piston because the outside diameter of the cylinder wall is too small. And it's doubtful that a K321/M14 (14hp) block can be bored for use with a K341/M16 (16hp) piston. However, some people have done this with success. In order to make this happen, being the 16hp piston is offset in the cylinder, the center of the outer part of the cylinder will need to be offset one way or the other (not like in the 16hp block) to center the bore in the block as not to break through the cylinder wall during the boring process. Boring a 14hp engine to accept a STD size 16hp piston is a tricky process. First, you must find the "center" of the cylinder. This is done by measuring the outside of the cylinder to find the thinnest and thickest parts. If this isn't done, then the boring process could break through the thin part of the cylinder wall. And if the cylinder is bored offset, the wrist pin in the piston will allow the piston to be centered with the crank journal. If attempting a 16hp piston is installed in a 14hp block, it'll be a good idea to fasten the cylinder to the crankcase rather it's for competition pulling or general yard use.

The Correct and Professional Way to Sleeve a Cylinder:

FYI: The term "resleeving" is removing a previously installed worn sleeve and installing a new one. And "sleeving" is installing a new sleeve when one wasn't already installed.

A sleeve should be installed in a block if the cylinder wall...

• Is severely gouged or scored and will not "clean up" at .030" or .040" (above ring travel).
• Is bored to maximum of .030" or .040" and is worn or scored, but no bigger piston and rings are available.
• Is cracked towards bottom. (Block is useless if crack is at top of cylinder.)
• Has a wide chunk broke out on the bottom (due to connecting rod failure) and may not provide stability of the piston.

If a block has a small missing chunk at the bottom, and if the chunk isn't wide enough for the piston to be unstable in the cylinder, then don't worry about sleeving the block. If the cylinder wall don't need to be bored (honed) to the next oversize, just use it as it is. As a matter of fact, pulling engines with a billet rod require that the lower end of the cylinder be ground away on each side for clearance of the wider rod. If performed correctly, this will not interfere with the stability of the piston whatsoever. But if it's a pretty wide missing chunk, and you have doubts about the stability of the piston, then perhaps the block needs to be sleeved. Before installing the sleeve, the cylinder is made bigger with a boring bar. If performed correctly, the boring bar is adjusted so it won't cut away approximately 1/8" bottom portion of the cylinder. The missing chunk will not interfere with the boring process either. The boring bar machine is positioned firmly with the cylinder to prevent any slippage. As it bores the cylinder, it'll skip over the missing chunk and continue to bore the rest of the cylinder. Then after the sleeve is installed, it's honed for fitting of the piston and rings.

How to Install a Cylinder Sleeve:

1. Acquire a cast iron sleeve that's slightly larger in diameter than the cylinder if a .030" or .040" oversized piston were installed. Make sure it's slightly longer than the overall length of the cylinder, too. (Virtually any place that sells internal engine parts (pistons, rings, bearings, etc.) offers cylinder sleeves, too.)
2. Bore the cylinder exactly .003" smaller than the outside diameter of the sleeve. Despite the diameter of the cylinder, the .003" interference fit makes for a perfect press fit. Do not make it any tighter or the cylinder could split or crack!
3. When boring the cylinder, leave approximately an 1/8" ledge or "step" at the bottom of the cylinder for the sleeve to butt against and not [possibly] work it's way down into the crankcase as the engine reaches its normal operating temperature.
4. Chamfer or bevel the outside lower end of the sleeve for easier installation in the cylinder.
5. Apply high strength sleeve retainer around the sleeve or in the cylinder, and using an upright hydraulic press, carefully and slowly press the sleeve perpendicular into the cylinder until it bottoms out against the ledge. To ease installation of the sleeve into the cylinder, heat the engine block in an oven and cool the sleeve in a freezer. It should then just slip in without using a press. But this must be done quickly before the block cools and sleeve warms up.
6. Once the sleeve is installed, grind or machine the protruding upper portion of the sleeve so it's even with the top of the engine block.
7. Bore or hone the sleeve for a standard size piston and rings assembly, then chamfer the upper edge of the sleeve so the rings will slide in easy upon installation.
8. That's it! Any professional machine shop that performs quality machine work on automotive engines should be able to install a sleeve in a Kohler or virtually any other engine block.

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If you need to purchase a cylinder sleeve or if you need the cylinder(s) sleeved in your engine block, contact Elson Nichols of Loop 70 Auto Parts and Machine, 14 Business Loop 70 East, Columbia, Missouri 65203. Phone: 1-573-449-0893. E-mail: vjnen@centurytel.net. He has many years of experience in engine machine work and he can professionally sleeve your block and then bore it for a STD size piston/rings assembly.

Maintain Proper Crankcase Vacuum so the Engine Will Produce More Power and Prevent Loss of Oil Through the Breather Assembly!

The reed valve is very important for a small engine. It prevents the loss of oil through the crankcase breather assembly (as long as the piston rings are in good condition), it prevents outside dust and dirt from entering the crankcase, and it maintains crankcase vacuum so the engine will produce full power. The reed valve works exactly the same as the PCV (Positive Crankcase Ventilation) valve in a later model automotive crankcase ventilation system.

When reinstalling the reed valve/breather plate assembly on models K141, K160/K161, K181/M8, the reed valve faces outward. And on all Kohler engine models, the small hole in the reed plate faces downward, so any oil that accumulates in the breather assembly will drain back down into the crankcase. And be careful not to block the oil drain hole when using Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant upon reinstalling. By the way - I've always preferred to use Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant for three reasons: Due to metal warpage (which is unavoidable in most cases), gaskets don't always seal the irregularities and imperfections between mating surfaces, especially thin metal covers; being it's an adhesive, it bonds parts together, forming a leak-proof seal; and being it's clear, it makes for a clean and professional-looking repair job. It can't be easily seen or noticed between the parts.

If wishing to use a rubber hose to route the oil vapors down and away from the engine and tractor (for cleanliness), the louvered vent openings on the OEM Kohler crankcase breather cover can be hammered closed, then a 7/16" hole will need to be drilled and tapped towards the upper left corner of the cover for a 1/4" NPT (preferably brass, for appearance reasons) elbow fitting. The reason the hole should be towards the upper left corner is so the fitting won't interfere with the carburetor when it is mounted directly to the engine block without an extension, such as on a Stock, Hot-Stock or Stock-Altered pulling engine. To prevent loss of oil, do not install the cover upside-down!

The "filter" in the crankcase breather assembly is actually an oil trap. It traps oil vapors from exiting the crankcase at higher RPM, then allows the oil to drain into the crankcase when the engine is at an idle or turned off. It's too coarse to be a filter of any kind. It's a must for a high RPM pulling engine.

If clean motor oil has contaminated (clogged) a new or good pleated air filter, there's no need to discard the filter and purchase a new one. The oil can be dried out of the filter by soaking it in paint thinner (the thinner will mix equally with the oil), and then allow it to air-dry at room temperature overnight. As the paint thinner dries, the oil will dry out, too.

When reinstalling the crankcase breather assembly on a single cylinder engine, make sure all the original components are reinstalled in the same order they were removed so that proper crankcase vacuum is maintained. This is important on any engine, especially a pulling engine. More horsepower will be created and the inside of the crankcase will stay cleaner longer.

Dyno tests have proven that a single cylinder engine will produce more power with the reed valve and breather plate installed. Some pullers like to use just a fabricated aluminum cover (an "aluminum valve cover" just for looks) and not the reed valve and breather plate. This is wrong because without the reed valve in the crankcase breather, with the engine running and as the piston(s) moves upward, (in a single- or two-cylinder engine) air (and dust fragments in the atmosphere) will be drawn into the crankcase through the breather cover hole. And as the piston goes back down, air will be forced out of the crankcase through the same hole. This rapid "in and out" movement of air will rob an engine of power because air must be compressed through the small breather hole. Hot air (and the hot oil vapors) are supposed to be forced out of an engine, not sucked in. And the piston will automatically vent the pressure on the downward stroke through the breather hole.

When to Use a Crankcase Vacuum Pump in a High Performance/High RPM Engine -

A crankcase vacuum pump is a belt-driven or electrically-operated motorized pump to draw air out of the crankcase to create a vacuum, or maintain negative air pressure. A 12 volt high volume electric fuel pump can also be used as a crankcase vacuum pump with the inlet port connected to the crankcase breather and the outlet port empty into the atmosphere. Anyway, high performance and high RPM single cylinder pulling engines don't require a crankcase vacuum pump because the backside or underneath of the piston force air out of the crankcase on it's downward stroke, and the reed valve in the crankcase breather assembly prevents air from reentering the crankcase. But high performance and high RPM multi-cylinder engines will benefit greatly from a crankcase valve pump. With multi-cylinder engines, one or several pistons is on the downward stroke while the other piston(s) is on the upward stroke. With this configuration, no air can be forced out of the crankcase. Heat from normal engine operation cause the crankcase oil to build up pressure, and this is what relieves the pressured [hot] air from the crankcase. This is why two-cylinder small engines have a reed valve in the crankcase breather assembly, and automotive engines crankcase is vented through the valve covers. A crankcase vacuum pump will draw out all the [hot] air from the crankcase to maintain a vacuum, or negative crankcase pressure. With no air in the crankcase for the backside of the pistons to push against, a multi-cylinder engine will produce more power and torque at higher RPMs.

On the cast iron block 7hp and 8hp Kohler engines, the reed plate is installed with the reed valve facing outward or towards you. This allow air to escape out the crankcase, but no air can enter into the crankcase.

How the Reed Valve Works:

The underneath or backside of the piston creates a vacuum within the crankcase and valve spring compartment. As the piston travels downward, air that's in the crankcase is forced out through the reed valve and crankcase breather cover hole, and when the piston travels upward, air wants to be drawn or sucked back in (under vacuum), but the reed valve prevents this from happening. Therefore, a vacuum is created and maintained within the crankcase. Air can only be forced out of the crankcase and not be allowed in. By the way - the Kohler reed valve and inner plate can be substituted for an automotive PCV (Positive Crankcase Ventilation) valve. But most pulling tractors running a limited RPM engine really don't need a PCV valve to maintain crankcase vacuum. Nothing will be gained by installing one. It'll just be for looks only. Besides, the reed valve design works excellent just the way the factory intended.

If there's a steady puff of smoke coming out of the crankcase breather, the reason for this is because the piston rings are worn. What is happening is a small part of the exhaust gases in the combustion chamber is bypassing the gaps in the rings, goes down into the crankcase and then out the breather. As the rings wear more, more pressure from the combustion will build up in the crankcase, and some crankcase oil may be forced out the breather hole, especially at higher RPMs. When this happens, it's time for a complete engine rebuild. If an engine rebuild is out of the question any time soon, what could be done to prolong the engine life a little longer is switch to 10W40 or 20W50 full synthetic motor oil for warm weather use.

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If you need any of the parts or services listed below Ê, please contact A-1 Miller's Performance Enterprises | 1501 W. Old Plank Rd. | Columbia, MO 65203-9136 USA | Phone: 1-573-256-0313 (shop) | 1-573-881-7229 (cell). Please call Monday-Friday (except Holidays), 9am to 5pm, Central time zone. If no answer, please try again later. (When speaking with Brian, please be patient because I stutter.) A-1 Miller's shop is open to the public from 9am to 5pm, including weekends (except Holidays). Please call before coming so I'll be here waiting for your arrival. Fax: 1-573-449-7347. E-mail: pullingtractor@aol.com. Directions to our shop | 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO - Google Maps or Map of 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO by MapQuest. Please click here to place an order.

Neoprene Rubber Crankcase Breather Seal. 1/2" length. Fits various Kohler engine models: K241/M10, K301/M12, K330/K331 (12½hp), K321/M14, K341/M16, MV16, M18, MV18, M20, MV20, CH20, CV18, CV20, CV22, CV25, CV624, CV670, CV675, CV680, CV724, CV725, CV730 and CV740. Places pressure against baffle shield and reed valve above È to ensure positive crankcase vacuum. FYI: A 1/2" length of 1/4" i.d. heat-resistant rubber vacuum hose or reinforced rubber fuel hose will serve the same purpose. OEM Kohler part # 231032-S. $4.20 each, plus shipping & handling. Neoprene Rubber Crankcase Breather Seal. 7/8" Length. Fits various Kohler engine models: K141, K160/K161, K181/M8, MV18, MV20, CH18, CH20, CH22, CH23, CH25, CH620, CH640, CH730, CH740, CV15 and CV25. Places pressure against reed valve above È to ensure positive crankcase vacuum. FYI: A 7/8" length of 1/4" i.d. heat-resistant rubber vacuum hose or reinforced rubber fuel hose will serve the same purpose. OEM Kohler part # 230046-S. $3.10 each, plus shipping & handling.

Crankcase Breather Filter (Oil Trap). Fits Kohler engine models K141, K160/K161, K181/M8, and twin cylinder engine models KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, M18 and M20. Replace deteriorated and crumbly filter. NOTE: This "filter" is actually an oil trap. It traps oil vapors from exiting the crankcase at higher RPM, then allows the oil to drain into the crankcase when the engine is at an idle or turned off. It's too coarse to be a filter of any kind. Not included in aftermarket gasket set. Dimensions (±): 1-1/4" x 1-1/4". OEM Kohler part # 231419-S. $4.92 each, plus shipping and handling. Small Crankcase Breather Filter (Oil Trap). Fits Kohler engine models K241, K301, K330/K331, K321, K341 and various Magnum models M12, M14 and M16. Replace deteriorated and crumbly filter. NOTE: This "filter" is actually an oil trap. It traps oil vapors from exiting the crankcase at higher RPM, then allows the oil to drain into the crankcase when the engine is at an idle or turned off. It's too coarse to be a filter of any kind. Not included in aftermarket gasket set. Dimensions (±): 1-1/2" x 2". Fills about 1/3 center area of breather plate. To be used with crankcase breather cover with open atmospheric vent and external oil control baffle shield part # 235117-S (below Ê). OEM Kohler part # 235118-S. $10.75 each, plus shipping and handling. Large Crankcase Breather Filter (Oil Trap). Fits Kohler AQS (Quiet Line) engine models K241, K301, K321, K341, K361 and various Magnum engine models M10, M12, M14 and M16. Replace deteriorated and crumbly filter. NOTE: This "filter" is actually an oil trap. It traps oil vapors from exiting the crankcase at higher RPM, then allows the oil to drain into the crankcase when the engine is at an idle or turned off. It's too coarse to be a filter of any kind. Not included in aftermarket gasket set. Dimensions (±): 2" x 3". Fills entire area of breather plate. To be used with crankcase breather cover with PCV breather vent tube and external oil control baffle shield and reed stop part # 270146-S (below Ê). OEM Kohler part # 47 050 01-S. Return to previous section $6.63 each, plus shipping and handling.

Crankcase Breather Oil Control Baffle Shield and Reed Stop. Fits Kohler AQS (Quiet Line) engine models K241 (10hp), K301 (12hp), K321 (14hp), K341 (16hp), K361 (18hp OHV) and various Magnum engine models M10 (10hp), M12 (12hp), M14 (14hp) and M16 (16hp). Positions against reed valve inside of breather plate (below). To be used with crankcase breather cover with PCV (Positive Crankcase Ventilation) breather vent hose and large crankcase breather filter (oil trap) part # 47 050 01-S (above È). OEM Kohler part # 270146-S. Used and in excellent condition. $2.50 each, plus shipping & handling. (When available.) New. $5.20 each, plus shipping & handling. Crankcase Breather External Oil Control Baffle Shield. Fits Kohler engine models K241 (10hp), K301 (12hp), K330/K331 (12½hp), K321 (14hp), K341 (16hp) and various Magnum models M12 (12hp), M14 (14hp) and M16 (16hp) with an open atmospheric vent in crankcase breather cover. Prevents loss of oil through crankcase breather cover vent hole. Positions against reed valve inside of breather plate (below Ê). To be used with crankcase breather cover with open atmospheric vent and small crankcase breather filter (oil trap) part # 235118-S (above È). OEM Kohler part # 235117-S. Used and in excellent condition. $2.00 each, plus shipping & handling. (When available.) New. $4.15 each, plus shipping & handling.

Crankcase Breather Reed Valve and Plate Assembly for Kohler engine models K141, K160/K161, K181 and M8. Replace damaged reed valve to prevent loss of oil through breather vent hole, prevent outside dust and dirt from being drawn into crankcase, and maintain crankcase vacuum so engine will produce more power. OEM Kohler part # 230066-S. $12.45 each, plus shipping and handling. Umbrella Check Valve/Seal for Old-Style Crankcase Breather Assembly used on Kohler KT-series and Magnum opposed twin cylinder engine models KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, MV16, M18, MV18, M20 and MV20. Dimensions: 1" diameter x 3/16" diameter center plug. May have to drill out hole in breather plate to 3/16". Discontinued from Kohler. Replaces Kohler part # 52 462 01. High quality aftermarket. $5.00 each, plus shipping & handling. New-Style Crankcase Breather Reed Valve and Plate Assembly for Kohler KT-series and Magnum opposed twin cylinder engine models KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, MV16, M18, MV18, M20 and MV20. New style with riveted metal reed valve. Replace old-style deteriorated umbrella check valve to prevent loss of oil through breather vent hole, prevent outside dust and dirt from entering crankcase and maintain crankcase vacuum so engine will produce more power. NOTE: The two items listed below Ê are basically the same with different part numbers and prices. OEM Kohler part # 52 035 02-S. $19.61 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # 52 035 04-S. $20.14 each, plus shipping and handling.

Crankcase Breather Plate for Kohler engine models K241/M10 (10hp), K301/M12 (12hp), K330/K331 (12½hp), K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 (16hp) and K361 (18hp OHV). Prevents leaking oil and/or outside dust and dirt from entering crankcase and maintain crankcase vacuum so engine will produce more power. Has internal oil splash baffle shield spot-welded on backside of plate. OEM Kohler part # 235631-S. Used and in excellent condition. $10.00 each, plus shipping & handling. (When available.) New. $21.80 each, plus shipping & handling.

Crankcase Breather Cover and Kit for Kohler engine models K241/M10 (10hp), K301/M12 (12hp), K330/K331 (12½hp), K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 (16hp) and K361 (18hp OHV). Replace bent, damaged or rusted cover to prevent leaking oil. Used and in excellent condition. $5.00 each, plus shipping & handling. (When available.) New. Cover only w/open atmospheric vent. No Kohler part number available. $8.50 each, plus shipping & handling. Complete kit. Comes with cover, baffle (235117-S) and filter (235118-S). OEM Kohler part # A-235418-S. $21.65 each, plus shipping & handling. Crankcase Breather Cover for Kohler AQS (Quiet Line) engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361. Replace bent, damaged or rusted cover to prevent leaking oil. Accepts [PCV (Positive Crankcase Ventilation)] hose that connects to base of oblong-shaped air cleaner assembly. OEM Kohler part # 47 096 01-S. Used and in excellent condition. $6.50 each, plus shipping & handling. (When available.) New. $13.00 each, plus shipping & handling. 1/4" NPT x 1/2" Barb 90° Angle Breather Fitting to convert Quiet Line PCV (Positive Crankcase Ventilation) crankcase breather cover above È to open atmospheric vent. Use 1/4" NPT hand tap to cut threads in cover to accept this fitting. Made of brass. $10.00 each, plus shipping & handling.

Neoprene Rubber Crankcase Breather Vent Tubes. Either can be used on Kohler engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361 with the positive crankcase ventilation crankcase breather cover, or convert AQS (Quiet Line) or Magnum engines to open atmospheric vent when used with the round air filter housing assembly. Makes a nice finishing touch. 1-5/8" overall length. (Originally made for Kohler engine models CH18, CH730 and CH740.) OEM Kohler part # 24 326 86-S. $4.79 each, plus shipping & handling. 2" overall length. (Originally made for Kohler engine models CH18, CH20, CH23, CH640, CH730, CH740, CV18, CV20, CV22, CV23, CV25, CV620 and CV640.) OEM Kohler part # 24 326 83-S. $2.80 each, plus shipping & handling. Neoprene Rubber Crankcase Breather Vent Tube. 3-11/32" overall length. Used on various Kohler Magnum engine models M10, M12, M14 and M16. Fastens between base of air cleaner and crankcase breather cover. Part of positive crankcase ventilation system. Vents back-pressure from inside crankcase into air intake so engine can burn the oil vapors. Replace dry-rotted breather tube to prevent outside air from entering combustion chamber, which will cause excessive engine wear. New Old Stock Discontinued from Kohler. OEM Kohler part # 47 326 03-S. $5.50 each, plus shipping & handling. (When available.) Neoprene Rubber Crankcase Breather Vent Tube. 3-17/32" overall length. Used on Kohler K-series "Quiet Line" engine models K241, K301, K321, K341 and K361. Fastens between base of oblong-shaped air filter housing assembly and crankcase breather cover. Part of positive crankcase ventilation system. Vents back-pressure from inside crankcase into air intake so engine can burn the oil vapors. Replace dry-rotted breather tube to prevent outside air from entering combustion chamber, which will cause excessive engine wear. OEM Kohler part # 47 326 01-S. $11.65 each, plus shipping & handling. Neoprene Rubber Crankcase Breather Vent Tube. 3-29/32" overall length. Part of positive crankcase ventilation system. Used on various Kohler Magnum engine models M10, M12, M14 and M16. Fastens between base of air cleaner and crankcase breather cover. Vents back-pressure from inside crankcase into air intake so engine can burn the oil vapors. Replace dry-rotted breather tube to prevent outside air from entering combustion chamber, which will cause excessive engine wear. OEM Kohler part # 47 326 04-S. $31.35 each, plus shipping & handling. Neoprene Rubber Crankcase Breather Vent Tube. Used on various Kohler Magnum engine models KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, M18 and M20. Fastens between base of air cleaner and crankcase breather cover. Part of positive crankcase ventilation system. Vents back-pressure from inside crankcase into air intake so engine can burn the oil vapors. Replace dry-rotted breather tube to prevent outside air from entering combustion chamber, which will cause excessive engine wear. OEM Kohler part # 52 326 06-S. $19.69 each, plus shipping & handling. Neoprene Rubber U-Shaped Crankcase Breather Vent Tube. Used on various Kohler engine models K241, K301/M12, K321/M14 and K341/M16. Fastens between base of air cleaner and crankcase breather cover. Part of positive crankcase ventilation system. Vents back-pressure from inside crankcase into air intake so engine can burn the oil vapors. Replace dry-rotted breather tube to prevent outside air from entering combustion chamber, which will cause excessive engine wear. OEM Kohler part # 47 326 02-S. $27.70 each, plus shipping & handling. Neoprene Rubber U-Shaped Crankcase Breather Vent Tube. Used on various Kohler engine models K482, K532 and K582. Fastens between air cleaner elbow and crankcase breather housing on governor. Vents back-pressure from inside crankcase into air intake so engine can burn the oil vapors. Replace dry-rotted breather tube to prevent outside air from entering combustion chamber, which will cause excessive engine wear. OEM Kohler part # 277392-S. $24.45 each, plus shipping & handling.

Crankcase Breather Cover Studs for Kohler engine models K141 (6¼hp), K160 (6.6hp), K161 (7hp), K181/M8 (8hp), and various K241 (10hp), K301 (12hp), K321 (14hp) and K341 (16hp). Dimensions: 1/4-20 UNC x 3-9/16" length. Threaded steel rod (All Thread). $1.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part #'s 230043-S, 235551-S. $5.20 each, plus shipping & handling. Crankcase Breather Cover Studs for Kohler engine models K241/M10 (10hp), K301/M12 (12hp), K330/K331 (12½hp), K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 (16hp), K361 (18hp OHV), and #1 Cylinder Valve Cover (Breather) Studs for KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, MV16, M18, MV18, M20 and MV20. Dimensions: 1/4-20 UNC x 3-1/4" length. Threaded steel rod (All Thread). $1.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 275220-S. $6.25 each, plus shipping & handling. #2 Cylinder Valve Cover (Plate) Studs for Kohler KT-series and Magnum engine models KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, MV16, M18, MV18, M20 and MV20. Dimensions: 1/4-20 UNC x 2-1/4" length. Threaded steel rod (All Thread). .50¢ each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 25 072 11-S. $1.75 each, plus shipping & handling.

Valve Cover (crankcase breather) gaskets for Kohler engine models K90 (3.6hp) and K91 (4hp), K141 (6¼hp), K160 (6.6hp), K161 (7hp) and K181/M8 (8hp). Included in complete engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. Will also fit Kohler twin cylinder engine models MV16, KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, M18, MV18, M20 and MV20 with center cut out (3 gaskets required). High quality aftermarket. (Single cylinder engines.) $1.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 230048-S. (Single cylinder engines.) 4.25 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 52 055 01-S. (Twin cylinder engines.) $4.15 each, plus shipping & handling.

Inner and Outer Crankcase Breather Cover Gaskets for Kohler engine models K241/M10 (10hp), K301/M12 (12hp), K330/K331 (12½hp), K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 (16hp) and K361 (18hp OHV). Included in complete engine rebuild gasket sets below. High quality aftermarket. $2.00 for two gaskets, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part #'s 235048-S (inner), 275144-S (outer). $8.00 per two gaskets, plus shipping & handling.

Use an Auxiliary Crankcase Breather Setup for Better Crankcase Venting at High RPM or at Wide Open Throttle -

The factory OEM crankcase breather alone isn't sufficient enough for all high performance single cylinder engines, especially big cubic inch engines running at high RPM or at wide open throttle. These engines build up more positive pressure within the crankcase due to the longer stroke (Click here for an explanation of why a longer stroke works better.) and bigger piston. The downward movement of the piston will force air out of the crankcase. at high RPM or at wide open throttle, the small holes in the OEM engine block and breather assembly aren't large enough for a sufficient amount of air to pass through or exit the crankcase. When air exits the crankcase through the OEM breather at high RPM or at wide open throttle, it will sometimes take some crankcase oil with it, spewing an oily mess on the track, and probably on the tractor. So if an engine has this problem (not all engines spew oil at high RPM or at wide open throttle, and to keep this from happening, the engine needs an auxiliary crankcase breather setup. The auxiliary crankcase breather setup helps relieve some of the air pressure within the crankcase that's placed against the stock crankcase breather assembly.

By looking at the picture to the right, you'll notice that this is an open breather system with no one-way check valve (PCV valve) to prevent air from re-entering the crankcase. This is how it works: the faster a single cylinder engine revs, air has less time to exit and re-enter the crankcase. In other words, at high RPM or at wide open throttle, being air can be compressed as well as expanded [within a container], it cannot re-enter the crankcase through the auxiliary breather simply because there isn't enough time for it to do so. Therefore, the crankcase maintains zero vacuum within. The auxiliary breather cap also has a filter in it. This is to prevent dust and dirt from entering the crankcase at low RPM. And the auxiliary crankcase breather setup doesn't help to make more horsepower. It just keeps oil inside the engine and off the track.

To install the auxiliary crankcase breather setup on a Kohler K-series or Magnum 10-16hp engine, parts needed are: 3/4" NPT elbow fitting, a short piece of 3/4" NPT pipe (to attach the clear vinyl tubing), 12" of clear vinyl tubing and a MOPAR automotive crankcase breather cap. To install the fitting in the block, the welch plug where the governor gear is located will need to be removed, then a 3/4" NPT tap will need to be used to cut threads in the welch plug hole for the fitting, and the rest of the installation is easy to figure out.

Checking for a Worn Piston -

If there's any oil on top of the piston, this means the piston is badly worn, which caused the rings, especially the 2nd ring, to wear. New top and middle piston rings have a square edge (actually, the middle ring has a slightly "angled" edge), and they operate in a particular manner. The top ring holds the compression within the combustion chamber. The middle ring is the oil scraper or oil control ring. The "angled edge" allow it to flex as it travels up and down in the cylinder. It slides over the oil on its way up in the cylinder and scrapes the oil on it's way down. As the skirt of the piston wears, the piston wobbles side to side in the cylinder (called piston slap), causing the square or angled edge on the rings to become rounded. When this happens, the middle ring can't slide over the oil or scrape it down as well. Instead, it pushes some of the oil past the gap in the top ring and place it on top of the piston, and the oil gets burned along with the gas. The oil ring assembly is the lubricator. It lubricates the cylinder wall and other rings so they'll last longer. The rings in all 4-cycle engines, rather it be a gas or diesel engine, small engine or automotive, operate the same way. 2-cycle engines only have one or two compression rings on the piston.

Oil on top of the piston indicates that crankcase oil is by-passing the 2nd ring and is being pushed up to the top of the piston. The 2nd ring has a slightly angled square edge, which flexes. It's supposed to slide over the oil on its way up, and scrape the oil on its way down. This is why it's called the oil control ring. The only thing that will cause the 2nd ring not to control the oil is a loose-fitting piston. As the piston rocks in the cylinder, this causes the slightly angled edge to wear away and become rounded, and the ring can no longer control the oil.

Speaking of a worn piston, if an engine makes an uneven "clattering" sound when running or especially when under a load, then perhaps the piston is worn and loose in the cylinder bore. To check for a worn piston, remove the cylinder head, and with the piston positioned at TDC, forcibly and quickly move the piston side to side by hand (side thrust of the crankshaft). If you hear a "slap, slap" sound, then the piston is badly worn.

Also, carbon deposits in a combustion chamber of a flathead engine can "eat away" the edge of the piston that's next to the valves. Carbon is harder than any metal. The only thing that's harder than carbon is diamond. Carbon deposits is what's left behind with the incomplete burning of a fossil fuel. This is why it's so important to keep an engine fine-tuned, so it'll leave behind very little carbon as much as possible.

According to Kohler's specifications, when using an OEM or aftermarket piston in an engine, the piston-to-cylinder wall clearance should be no less than .007" and no more than .010". But make it tighter for pulling (.007"). Because unlike a forged, high performance piston (Arias and J&E), OEM or aftermarket pistons will wear slightly when used in a high RPM or wide open throttle application. As for forged, high performance pistons, when hot, they swell (increase in size) more than an OEM piston. Therefore, requiring slightly more clearance. Most high performance pistons require a .010"-.014" oil clearance. But check with the manufacturer of the piston for the exact clearance.

About Piston Ring End Gaps -

As an engine heats up while running, due to normal combustion heat and heat from cylinder wall friction, the piston rings expand, decreasing the width of the gap in the rings to seal in the compression and better control oil usage. This is normal for all piston-powered engines. The smaller gap specs shown in Kohler's (or any) engine repair manual are for low RPM engines (up to 3,600 RPM) and the wider gap specs are for high performance engines running high RPM or wide open throttle because they operate at a much higher temperature. The gap in all piston rings are NOT machined perfect. It's important to fit each ring squarely in the cylinder with the piston and then use a feeler gauge to accurately measure the gap, especially when building or freshening a high performance engine. Use a specialized piston ring filer tool to file or grind the ends of each ring until the gap is within specs. Typically, the 10-16hp Kohler piston ring end gaps set at .010"-.020". The lesser clearance is for up to 3,600 RPM operation, and the greater clearance is for engines that run at high RPM or at wide open throttle. This applies to types of rings, OEM stock and high performance aftermarket. Failure to set the gap correctly could cause the ends of the ring(s) to make contact when the engine reaches normal operating temperature, and the excessive expansion of the ring(s) will cause the cylinder wall to become scuffed or scored. Remember - gently grind once, and accurately measure twice! Because once the metal is removed, it cannot be replaced.

Offset or Stagger the Piston Ring End Gaps -

Being piston rings rotate in the cylinder as the engine heats up and cools down, there is really no need to offset or stagger the ring end gaps anywhere from 120° to 180° on the piston before installation in the cylinder. Actually, it doesn't matter if the ring end gaps are offset with each other or not because heat expansion rotates the rings in the cylinders a few thousandths of an inch each time the engine is ran. Personally, whenever I install new rings in an engine, I always prefer to offset or stagger the ring end gaps 180° just because it makes me feel good knowing they're offset. But then a few years later when I freshen the same engine (install new rings, etc.), upon removal of the piston, I notice that the end gaps in the rings are almost aligned with each other. It's weird how this happens, heat expansion does it. Piston rings produce no wear pattern on the cylinder wall either. As an engine runs and reaches operating temperature, piston rings rotate a few thousandths of an inch due to heat expansion from friction and they contract (shrink) while the engine cools when it is shut off. This is why some engines make an clicking sound immediately when it's shut off. There is no way to prevent this from happening. The ring gaps close up when the engine reaches operating temperature, too. This applies to all 4-cycle piston-powered water and air-cooled engines, being a small engine, automotive, diesel, airplane, etc. And there's really no need to offset the ring gaps before installing the piston/rings in the cylinder. But if it'll make you feel better, before installing the piston in the cylinder, go ahead and offset or stagger the end gaps anyway.

Use a generous amount of clean SAE 30 weight heavy duty conventional (petroleum-based) motor oil to lubricate and coat the cylinder wall, piston and rings (be sure to coat all other moving parts inside the engine as well with the same oil). Synthetic motor oil shouldn't be used on the piston rings or as a break-in (wear-in) oil because it'll take much longer for the rings and other moving parts to produce a hardened wear surface, especially for the lifters and cam lobes.

NEVER use a lightweight spray lubricant such as Liquid Wrench or WD-40 on internal parts to assemble a fresh engine! Spray lubricants are too thin and will cause premature wear to the bearings, camshaft lobes, piston, rings and possibly the cylinder wall! Liquid Wrench and WD-40 works great for a lot of other things, but not for vital lubrication during the assembly of a rebuilt engine. And on a cast iron block Kohler engine, ALWAYS apply clean motor oil or automotive grease inside the camshaft and on the cam pin to prevent [most likely] engine seizure just after starting and running for a few minutes!

The motor oil will remain between the rings and on the other parts for some time. But if a fresh rebuilt engine is going to be in storage for a long period of time, a thin coat of grease should be used instead of motor oil for the piston rings, camshaft and pin, and on the rod/crank journal. The reason grease works better for long-term storage is because eventually, the oil will seep past the ring gaps, and off the other parts, drain down into the crankcase, and then all there'll be is a very thin coat of oil to protect the parts upon engine startup, which would likely cause excessive wear to the vulnerable and valuable parts.

Performing a Compression Test on a Stock or High Performance Small Engine with a Compression Tester -

An accurate compression reading can't be performed on an engine with an unaltered OEM camshaft due to the compression release mechanism on one of the cam lobes. Depending on the make and model of engine, the compression release is either a small hump (early B&S, various Tecumseh's, etc.) or mechanical lever/pin (newer B&S, Kohler, some Tecumseh, etc.) on one of the camshaft lobes that holds either the intake or exhaust valve open about .050" while the piston is traveling halfway up in the cylinder on the compression stroke. On OEM camshafts with a working compression release mechanism and if the valve clearances are adjusted to specs, the compression release relieves about half the compression air from the combustion chamber at cranking speed. This is so the engines with fixed advanced ignition timing will start easier. When attempting to start an engine with fixed advanced ignition timing, if the compression release isn't working or if the valve (with the compression release) have too much stem-to-lifter clearance (out of adjustment), the engine will "kick back" every time. "Kick back" occurs when the crankshaft suddenly and violently rebounds or rotates in the opposite direction, which is could bend or break the starter armature shaft or the aluminum starter housing.

On various B&S, Kohler models K90/K91, K141, K160/K161, K181/M8, some Tecumseh, etc. engines without adjustable lifters, but with an automatic compression release (ACR), there is no way to perform an accurate compression test with a compression tester. All that can be done to test the compression is rotate the flywheel quickly by hand in the opposite direction of normal engine rotation. If it rebounds sharply, the engine has adequate compression.

There are two ways to perform an accurate compression test with a compression tester on the Kohler K-series and Magnum engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361:

• On the 10-16hp engines, back off the adjuster on the lifter for the exhaust valve so the compression release lever won't slightly open the valve.
• On the K361 engine, back off the adjuster on the rocker arm for the exhaust valve so the compression release lever won't slightly open the valve.
• Remove the cam gear cover, dislodge the ends of the tiny (hair-like) actuating spring on the compression release levers to disable the compression release mechanism.
• If the starter motor is capable enough to crank the engine over, the compression test can now be performed with the engine under full compression.

To obtain an accurate compression pressure reading, perform the test with a fully charged battery, a starter that's in good condition and the throttle in the wide open position. Or with pull rope engines, place the throttle in the wide open postion. When performing a compression test with a gauge on an air-cooled engine, keep in mind that, depending on how the engine is built, the compression ratio or the compression pressure can vary from one engine to another. It depends on the size of the bore and stroke, the volume of the combustion chamber in the cylinder head, if the camshaft has a compression release or not and how much duration the cam lobes have. If a cam has a compression release mechanism, being approximately half the compression is released from the combustion chamber at cranking speed, the compression reading will be cut approximately in half.

When performing a compression test on an engine under compression, the K241/M10 Kohler can be from 98 to 150 psi. On a K301/M12, it can be from 112 to 170 psi. On a 14hp, it can range from 120 to 190 psi. And on a K341/M16, it can be from 127 up to 192 psi.

And cranking speeds, a long duration cam will relieve some of the combustion chamber pressure, resulting in a lower than normal reading. The more the duration, the lower the reading. Calculate the reading with the duration of the cam in the engine against the duration of a stock OEM cam. Example: If the compression pressure is 100 psi, multiple 100 by 285 (duration of cam that's in the engine) and then divide the answer by 223 degrees (duration of a stock OEM cam), which gives 128 psi.

Performing a Leak Down Test with a Leak Down Tester -

First of all, when some people rebuild an engine, they will not perform a professional valve job! Instead, they just clean the valves and lap them in with valve "grinding" compound. They think this is a how valves and seats are reground and how a valve job is performed. And many people won't even set the valve clearances afterwards! Valves and seats become warped (slightly bent or moved out of alignment) due to heating of cast iron (or aluminum) the first time the engine was ran. This is how all flathead engines and OHV cylinder heads "take shape" or bend and twist a few thousandths of an inch. The valve faces need to be reground in a valve grinding machine so they can be "trued-up" again, and the seats need to be reground or recut with specialized valve seat tooling so the seat will be in perfect alignment with the centerline of the valve guide again.

With the piston is positioned exactly at Top Dead Center (TDC) on the compression stroke, the automatic compression release (ACR) mechanism allows the exhaust valve to fully close, then a leak down test can be performed. The ACR effects a compression test when performed with a compression tester, but not a leak down test (as long as the piston is at TDC on the compression stroke). 0º TDC is when the piston is at its very top in the cylinder with both valves fully closed. It is also when the T mark on the flywheel is aligned with the raised boss on the bearing plate, and The alignment can be seen with a flashlight through the sight hole in the bearing plate. But the best way to determine if an engine needs to be rebuilt is to remove the cylinder head & look at the edge of the piston. If the carbon is washed away, this means the rings & piston are worn and the engine needs rebuilding.

Now for the engine problem: Air from the leak down test came from inside the crankcase due to the gaps in the piston rings. As the engine heats up, the rings expand and the gaps close up due to friction and combustion heat. The dark colored oil is from partial incomplete burning of the gas that went past the ring gaps into the crankcase because the engine couldn't reach its normal operating temperature due to bad valves. Your engine has an oil pump with an oil filter, so the oil gets filtered from dirt and metal fragments, preventing excessive wear inside the engine, but the oil filter will not filter out the dark colored liquid by-products from incomplete burning of the fuel that's mixed with the oil. The by-products will eventually thin out the oil, causing excessive wear to the internal moving parts. I'd say the main problem is the valves. I've repaired many engines just like yours, where the piston rings were in good condition, but the valve faces and seats was warped. After performing a professional valve job, and perhaps installing new guides, customers told me that their engine ran better and produce more power than when it was new. With a professional valve job, the engine will start quicker, idle smoother, heat up faster, accelerate without hesitation, run at normal operating temperature, burn the fuel more thoroughly, allowing the oil to stay cleaner longer.

When installing the piston and rings in the cylinder, the K241/M10 (10hp), K301/M12 (12hp) and K321/M14 (14hp) Kohler pistons installs either way because the wrist pin is centered in the piston. But if the [OEM] piston has a notch, such as the 16hp flathead and 18hp OHV single cylinder cast iron block engine pistons, these install with the notch facing toward the flywheel end of the block. And to lessen the chance of blow-by, don't forget to offset or stagger the ring end gaps 120º-180º. Then use a quality-made piston ring compressor tool or if a ring compressor isn't available, a ring compressor can be fabricated out of clean (no paint, rust, etc.) 2" x 14" x 16 gauge steel sheet metal (heating duct tin works excellent) with a large adjustable radiator hose clamp to compress the rings. And be sure that everything is absolutely clean before installing the piston assembly in the cylinder!

Use a heavy wooden dowel or the wooden or rubber end of the handle of a medium-sized hammer to gently drive the piston into the cylinder. Be sure that the connecting rod is aligned with the crank journal as the piston is driven into the cylinder! If the piston stops going into the cylinder for any reason, stop to see what is stopping it. Don't just keep pounding it!

Piston ring technology has progressed a lot in recent years. Many ordinary small engines and automotive engines nowadays have thinner rings, and the rings place less tension against the cylinder wall. This is mainly to improve fuel economy and reduce exhaust emissions. It also helps the engine produce more power. Also, the engine idles smoother and revs up quicker.

Chrome VS Cast Iron Rings -

Some ring sets comes with the top ring having a chrome outer edge. Personally, I never experienced any differences between using a chrome ring or a cast iron ring. It seems that as long as the oil is changed regularly, a clean air filter is installed and the engine runs cool, one ring lasts just as long as the other. Because incoming dirt in the air intake system and in the oil, and overheating of the combustion chamber are the biggest killer of quality piston rings.

The top ring has either a chrome edge (OEM) or is 100% chrome (aftermarket). It's rarely 100% cast iron (black in color). The 2nd ring is usually 100% cast iron (black in color). Or, in rare cases, it could have a chrome edge, too. In either case, the manufacturer place the rings in their appropriate pouch (paper packaging) in the order they install on the piston. If in doubt which ring is which, you can email me a sharp, detailed picture of the top and 2nd rings, and I may be able to tell you which ring is which.

Wrist Pin Retaining Snap Rings -

For high performance use (especially wide open throttle operation), use [the proper size] internal snap rings instead of the OEM retaining clips to retain the wrist pin in the piston. Because OEM retaining clips can wear excessively and on rare occasions, they've have been known to come loose at high RPM or at wide open throttle.

If you had the cylinder in your engine block bored oversize, before installing the piston/rod assembly in the cylinder, always clean the cylinder wall with warm soapy water and use a clean cloth that's white in color to see and to remove the microscopic metal dust that get lodged in the cross-hatch honing process of the cylinder wall. (Machine shops do not do this.) The metal will, more than likely, cause the rings to wear prematurely if this is not done. After cleaning, allow the cylinder to air-dry.

The Correct Way to Install Piston Rings -

Lubricate the wrist pin with clean motor oil or automotive grease, and then install the connecting rod on the piston. NOTE: If the piston has a notch on the top (16hp and 18hp OHV engines), install the rod to the piston with the oil hole in the cap facing toward the camshaft. Make sure the match marks are aligned on the rod and cap!

Next, install the rings on the piston in their correct order according to the provided instructions or refer to the drawing to the right for correct piston ring installation. è

Installation of rings on the piston are as follows:

1. The bottom (oil lubricator) ring [set] goes on first.
2. The middle (oil scraper) ring goes on second.
3. Then the top (compression) ring goes on last.

Never attempt to install piston rings in reverse order or they might break upon installation! Install the rings in the order as follows: (The below Ê applies to all 4-cycle piston-powered water- and air-cooled engines, being a small engine, automotive, diesel, airplane, etc.)

1. The bottom ring [set] usually have no particular (upward or downward) way of installing, as they don't flex either way. If it's a three-piece ring, the expander installs first and butts end to end. The ends do not over-lap. The expander "expands" the two thin oil lubricator rings so they can apply more pressure against the cylinder wall to work better.
2. Make sure the middle or 2nd (middle) ring is installed correctly! This step is very important! This particular ring actually flexes. It has a slight angle on the outer edge that "scrapes" the oil from the cylinder wall on its way down and glides over the oil on its way up. If this ring isn't installed correctly or right-side-up, the engine will smoke a lot and use lots of oil. For most middle rings, the bevel (inside angle) faces downward. But for a chrome-edge 2nd (middle) ring, the bevel faces upward. However, if there's a dot (punch mark) or the word TOP or PIP laser-etched on the ring, it faces upward. And if the middle ring came with an expander (rippled spring-like ring), install it under the ring. It helps to stabilize the piston in the cylinder.
   • NOTE: If the middle ring is installed wrong side up or upside-down, and if the engine smokes a lot out the exhaust, this ring can be removed and reinstalled right side up. The rings can be reused because very little wear has occurred to them. There is no need to purchase another new set of rings due to improper installation of just one ring. Because installing new rings incorrectly doesn't necessarily cause them to wear more, they just cause the engine to smoke. If by chance the 2nd (middle) ring isn't installed upside-down, and the engine still smokes out the exhaust after the rebuild, then perhaps the crankcase breather is installed the wrong way. This will cause air pressure within the crankcase to build up, and be forced out through the ring end gaps along with the oil.
   • If there's no specific instructions on how to install the middle ring, and if a powerful magnifying glass isn't available to see the angle on the outer edge, then lightly rub the outer edge of the ring side to side against a flat piece of ceramic tile at an exact 90° angle. You should see a shiny area on one side of the angle. Mark the ring so the shiny area will face downward when installing the ring on the piston.
3. And as for the top ring, if it has square edges with no bevel, then there's no certain way how it installs on the piston, being it just holds the compression. And just like the 2nd (middle) ring, if there's a dot (punch mark) or the word TOP laser-etched on the ring, it faces upward.

Instructions on how to install the rings should be in the box they came in. Despite what the Kohler manual says, always install piston rings as indicated in the installation drawing that originally came with the rings. Because different manufacturers have their own way of how their rings should be installed and how the rings operate in the cylinder. And if you're wondering if there's any certain "tricks" when installing chrome rings on the piston or breaking them in, well, there really isn't any. Just install them as you would with ordinary cast iron rings. Being chrome rings are made of much harder material, it just takes longer for them to seat, they hold up to heat better, and they last a lot longer. Go here for more information: http://www.totalseal.com/howdoo.html.

If there's only one ring with a shiny edge, it's the top ring. It has a chrome edge to last longer. If it has a bevel on the inside, it goes upward. But if there's no bevel, it can be installed either way. If the 2nd (middle) ring has a chrome edge also, and if it has a bevel, it faces upward. But if it doesn't have a chrome edge, the bevel faces downward. If it has a step on the outer edge, it faces downward. And stamping (the word TOP or .010, .020 or .030) or a paint spot on the ring(s) ALWAYS face upward.

The Differences Between "Deglazing", "Honing" and "Boring" an Engine Cylinder -

Deglazing the Cylinder Wall -

Deglazing is roughing up or creating cross-hatch lines on the cylinder wall surface for proper new ring wear-in. Cylinder deglazing is performed with either a non-adjustable/spring-loaded ball-type, commonly known as the Flexstone Deglazer (also called a dingleberry hone), or the adjustable/spring-loaded type (to place more or less pressure against the cylinder wall) with three long, narrow stones, commonly known as the Rigid Cylinder Deglazer. These stones create shallow grooves in the cross-hatch lines. The flexstone deglazer can get into places on the cylinder wall where the rigid cylinder deglazer stones can't. And of course, the piston rings will only make contact with the high areas on the cylinder wall. Anyway, the deglazing process removes the "glaze" or shiny, slick surface that's on a used cylinder wall, and when moved up and down quickly, the deglazing process creates a ±60º cross-hatch pattern or tiny grooved lines, which act as a reservoir to retain oil so the rings can be better lubricated and wear-in with less friction for longer life. A smooth, slick cylinder wall can cause piston ring and cylinder scuffing. Also, depending on how much metal is removed or ground away, deglazing may enlarge the cylinder diameter as much as .003". Deglazing stones come in four grits: coarse; 100 grit, medium: 220 grit, fine; 320 grit, and super fine: 400 grit. Although the deglazing stone tool is smaller in size, automotive brake master and wheel cylinders also require deglazing before installing a new overhaul kit. Deglazing stone tools can be used with a lightweight power drill or drill press. NOTE: Before installing new rings, a cylinder wall should always be deglazed, then thoroughly cleaned afterwards.

Despite how nice and smooth the cylinder wall may be, or if there's a few light scratches on the cylinder wall, it'll always a good idea to "break the glaze" with a 3/8" or 1/2" hand-held power drill and a flex-hone (with ball stones) of the correct size or a spring-loaded cylinder deglazer (with straight stones) to deglaze the cylinder wall. If the crankshaft and cam is still in the block, either remove them before deglazing the cylinder wall, or if this is possible, place a clean rag over the crank and cam to protect them from the metal fragments. Be careful when removing the rag as to not get any metal fragments on the crank or cam.

Apply a lightweight lubricant such as Liquid Wrench or WD-40 on the cylinder wall. Place the deglazing stones midway in the cylinder and spin it at a fast speed while moving it up and down at the same time. Try to maintain full control of the deglazer tool at all times. Be careful not to allow it to come out of the cylinder or go down below the cylinder wall and hit something in the crankcase, causing breakage to the stones or damage to the tool. On the last few strokes, give it a quick up and down motion to produce a 60° crosshatch pattern. This only takes a few seconds to complete. The grooves in the crosshatch marks retains motor oil to properly lubricate and cool the new rings so they will wear-in quicker and last longer. After the deglazing process is complete, clean the cylinder wall with cleaning solvent (paint thinner), then use a minimum 1,000 psi pressure washer to thoroughly clean the cylinder wall to remove any microscopic metal fragments left behind during the deglazing process. Then wipe a clean cloth (white in color) around the cylinder wall to see that the wall is free of the metal fragments. If the metal fragments are not removed, severe wear of the rings and piston will likely result in a short time. Remember - metal flake looks in paint, not in crankcase oil. Finally, for short term storage, apply rust inhibitor oil spray, white lithium grease spray or WD-40, to the cylinder wall to prevent rust build-up for long term storage.

Boring a Cylinder -

Boring is necessary when removing an excessive amount of metal from a cylinder wall for an extremely large/oversize piston and rings assembly, or for installation of a cylinder sleeve. If the cylinder is bored within a few thousandths of an inch of the specified size piston to wall clearance, the cylinder hone is used to finish enlarging the cylinder and can produce the cross-hatch pattern for proper ring wear-in. But if the cylinder is bored for the specified piston to wall clearance, a flexstone or rigid cylinder deglazer is used to produce the cross-hatch pattern for proper ring wear-in. A boring bar is part of an elaborate machine, but it can also be adapted for use in a large milling machine.

Honing a Cylinder -

Honing is slight grinding or wearing away of a cylinder wall with an expandable rotary manually adjustable rack and pinion honing stone tool to make the cylinder oversize for a .010" or possibly a .020" oversize piston and rings. Honing is the final step after the boring process to slightly enlarge the cylinder further a few thousandths of an inch so it'll be within specs of the oversize piston and rings assembly. Just like deglazing, when moved up and down quickly, honing creates cross-hatch lines or tiny grooves, which retains oil and allow the rings to be better lubricated and wear-in with less friction for longer life. When honing (enlarging) a cylinder for an oversize piston and rings, start with a coarse stones for a rapid cut, then finish the honing process with fine stones to create shallow grooves in the cross-hatch lines. This will allow the cylinder to increase lesser in diameter when the rings wear-in. Also, honing a cylinder and honing a connecting rod are a similar process because it only removes a few thousandths of an inch from each part. Plus, it makes the big hole in the rod a perfect circle. Boring a connecting rod is when a lot of metal is removed for bearing inserts. And connecting rods are never deglazed. Cylinder honing stones come in four grits: coarse; 120 grit, medium; 180 grit, fine; 220 grit, and super fine; 320 grit. The cylinder honing tool can be used with a heavy duty electric, or better yet, a heavy duty 1/2" pneumatic air drill with a minimum 40 gallon air compressor tank, or it is integrated as part of an elaborate machine.

For 100% accuracy, before a machinist hones a cylinder for an oversized piston and rings, the block should be warmed at room temperature, and the honing process should also be performed at room temperature. And just before the final few thousandths of honing, the block should be allowed to air-cool due to heat expansion from the friction during the honing process, and then the cylinder bore should be measured again. If it measures too small, it will need to be honed to the final piston to wall clearance. Remember, hone once and measure twice! Because it's a lot easier to remove metal than replace it. Furthermore, due to metal expansion when hot and shrinkage when cool, engine parts should never be machined when cold and in a cold or cool environment.

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If you need a new ring set or a new piston/rings assembly, please contact A-1 Miller's Performance Enterprises | 1501 W. Old Plank Rd. | Columbia, MO 65203-9136 USA | Phone: 1-573-256-0313 (shop) | 1-573-881-7229 (cell). Please call Monday-Friday (except Holidays), 9am to 5pm, Central time zone. If no answer, please try again later. (When speaking with Brian, please be patient because I stutter.) A-1 Miller's shop is open to the public, including weekends. Please call before coming so I'll be here waiting for your arrival. Fax: 1-573-449-7347. E-mail: pullingtractor@aol.com. Directions to our shop | 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO - Google Maps or Map of 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO by MapQuest. Click here for more parts and services. | Please click here to place an order.
NOTE: All parts listed here are NEW, unless otherwise stated. I do not sell cheap junk! As a matter of fact, most OEM Kohler parts are made in China now. Kohler owns some of the factories in China that make the parts. And most aftermarket parts are also made by Kohler in China. Kohler just place the part(s) in a generic box and sell them for less money. So when purchasing a genuine OEM Kohler part that comes in a box with the Kohler name on it, you're really just paying more money for the name. And as far as some parts being no longer available - either the parts didn't sell well or the EPA is trying to phase out parts for the old cast iron block flathead engines because they produce more air pollution than the newer OHV engines.
Kohler engine models K90/K91 Ring Sets, and Piston and Ring Sets (includes wrist pin, retaining clips). Rings made of high grade cast iron for durability. The K-series cast piston thrust face to cylinder bore oil clearance is .0035"/.006". IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD Size Ring Sets (2.375" cylinder bore). Also replaces Briggs and Stratton part #'s 294232, 295657 (3hp), and Clinton part #'s 233112500, 233122500. High quality aftermarket. $13.00 per set, plus shipping & handling. Kohler part # 220801-S. $50.00 per set, plus shipping & handling. STD Size Pistons and Ring Sets (2.375" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 46 874 01-S. $182.85 per set, plus shipping & handling. Not available in aftermarket. L .003" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (2.378" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 46 874 02-S. $213.50 per set, plus shipping & handling. Not available in aftermarket. L .010" Oversize Ring Sets (2.385" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 220802-S. Also replaces Briggs and Stratton part # 294224 (NLA). $64.00 per set, plus shipping & handling. Not available in aftermarket. L .010" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (2.385" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 46 874 03-S. $213.50 per set, plus shipping & handling. Not available in aftermarket. L .020" Oversize Ring Sets (2.395" cylinder bore). OEM Briggs and Stratton part # 294225. Also replaces Kohler part # 220803-S (NLA). $60.00 per set, plus shipping & handling. .020" oversize (2.395" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 46 874 04-S. $213.50 per set, plus shipping & handling. .030" Oversize Ring Sets (2.405" cylinder bore). Not available in aftermarket. L OEM Briggs and Stratton part # 294226. $60.00 per set, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 220804-S. $81.80 per set, plus shipping & handling. .030" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (2.405" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 46 874 05-S. $213.50 per set, plus shipping & handling. Not available in aftermarket. L
Kohler engine models K141, K160 and early K161 Ring Sets, and Piston and Ring Sets (includes wrist pin and retaining clips). These are for the small 2-7/8" size cylinder bore. Cylinder can be bored to 2-15/16", and the bigger piston and rings below can be used. Rings made of high grade cast iron for durability. Not available in aftermarket. L IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD Size Ring Sets (2.875" cylinder bore). Discontinued from Kohler. OEM Kohler part # 231424-S. $48.00 each, plus shipping & handling. (New Old Stock - When available.) STD Size Pistons and Ring Sets (2.875" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 41 874 01-S. $153.90 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" Oversize Ring Sets (2.885" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 231425-S. $79.80 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (2.885" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 41 874 02-S. Discontinued from Kohler. L .020" Oversize Ring Sets (2.895" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 231426-S. $82.35 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (2.895" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 41 874 03-S. $197.80 each, plus shipping & handling. .030" Oversize Ring Sets (2.905" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 231427-S. $82.35 each, plus shipping & handling. .030" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (2.905" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 41 874 04-S. Discontinued from Kohler. L
Kohler K-series and Magnum engine models K141, K160/K161, K181 and M8 Ring Sets, and Piston and Ring Sets (includes wrist pin and retaining clips). These are for the bigger 2-15/16" size cylinder bore. Rings made of high grade cast iron for durability. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD Size Ring Sets (2.938" cylinder bore). For cast piston - High quality aftermarket. $16.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 232575-S. $60.10 each, plus shipping & handling. For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 41 108 01-S. $61.50 each, plus shipping & handling. STD Size Pistons and Ring Sets (2.938" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. $44.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 41 874 05-S. $181.45 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 41 874 10-S. $156.40 each, plus shipping & handling. .003" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (2.941" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 41 874 06-S. $193.30 each, plus shipping & handling. Not available in aftermarket. L Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 41 874 11-S. $151.25 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" Oversize Ring Sets (2.948" cylinder bore). For cast piston - High quality aftermarket. $11.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 232576-S. $54.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 41 108 02-S. $65.65 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (2.948" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. $31.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 41 874 07-S. $181.45 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 41 874 12-S. $151.10 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" Oversize Ring Sets (2.958" cylinder bore). Kohler part # 232577-S. $78.80 each, plus shipping & handling. Not available in aftermarket. L For cast piston - High quality aftermarket. $40.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 41 874 08-S. $193.45 each, plus shipping & handling. For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 41 108 03-S. $66.00 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (2.958" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. $40.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 41 874 08-S. $193.45 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 41 874 13-S. Discontinued from Kohler. L .030" Oversize Ring Sets (2.968" cylinder bore). For cast piston - Kohler part # 232578-S. $78.95 each, plus shipping & handling. Not available in aftermarket. L For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 41 108 04-S. $66.00 each, plus shipping & handling. .030" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (2.968" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. $41.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 41 874 09-S. $188.30 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 41 874 14-S. $151.25 each, plus shipping & handling.
Kohler K-series and Magnum engine models K241, M10 and K482 Ring Sets, and Piston and Ring Sets (includes wrist pin and retaining clips). (The K241, M10 and K482 engines use the same piston and rings.) Priced per cylinder. Rings made of high grade cast iron for durability. Compression height is 1.63". Being the wrist pin is centered, these pistons can be installed in either direction. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD Size Ring Sets (3.250" cylinder bore). (Will fit K241, M10 and K482.) High quality aftermarket. $22.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 235287-S. $72.20 each, plus shipping & handling. STD Size Pistons and Ring Sets (3.250" cylinder bore). (Will fit K241, M10 and K482.) High quality aftermarket. $43.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 47 874 01-S. $216.00 each, plus shipping & handling. .003" Oversize Cast Pistons and Ring Sets (3.253" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 47 874 02-S. $221.00 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" Oversize Ring Sets (3.260" cylinder bore). (Will fit K241, M10 and K482.) High quality aftermarket. $15.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 235288-S. $83.00 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (3.260" cylinder bore). (Will fit K241, M10 and K482.) High quality aftermarket. $32.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 47 874 03-S. $216.00 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" Oversize Ring Sets (3.270" cylinder bore). (Will fit K241, M10 and K482.) High quality aftermarket. $14.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 235289-S. $83.00 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (3.270" cylinder bore). (Will fit K241, M10 and K482.) High quality aftermarket. $40.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 47 874 04-S. $216.00 each, plus shipping & handling. .030" Oversize Ring Sets (3.280" cylinder bore). (Will fit K241, M10 and K482.) High quality aftermarket. $14.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 235290-S. $83.00 each, plus shipping & handling. .030" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (3.280" cylinder bore). (Will fit K241, M10 and K482.) High quality aftermarket. $45.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 47 874 05-S. $216.00 each, plus shipping & handling.
Kohler K-series/Magnum models K301, M12 and K532 Ring Sets, and Piston and Ring Sets (includes wrist pin and retaining clips). (The K301, M12 and K532 engines use the same piston and rings.) Priced per cylinder.Rings made of high grade cast iron for durability. Compression height is 1.7". Being the wrist pin is centered, these pistons can be installed in either direction. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD Size Ring Sets (3.375" cylinder bore). For cast piston - High quality aftermarket. $16.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 48 108 01-S. $60.65 each, plus shipping & handling. For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 47 108 01-S. $75.20 each, plus shipping & handling. STD Size Pistons and Ring Sets (3.375" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. (Will fit K301, M12 and K532.) $34.50 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 06-S. (Listed for K301, but will fit M12 and K532.) $160.75 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 48 874 01-S. (Listed for K532, but will fit K301 and M12.) $199.60 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 16-S. $158.45 each, plus shipping & handling. .003" Oversize Piston and Ring Set (3.378" cylinder bore). Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 17-S. $167.15 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" Oversize Ring Sets (3.385" cylinder bore). For cast piston - High quality aftermarket. $18.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 48 108 02-S. $104.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 47 108 02-S. $94.05 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (3.385" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. (Will fit K301, M12 and K532.) $51.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 08-S. (Listed for K301, but will fit M12 and K532.) $216.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 48 874 03-S. (Listed for K532, but will fit K301 and M12) $199.60 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 18-S. $167.15 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" Oversize Ring Sets (3.395" cylinder bore). For cast piston - High quality aftermarket. $18.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 48 108 03-S. $104.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 47 108 03-S. $76.00 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (3.395" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. (Will fit K301, M12 and K532.) $46.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 09-S. (Listed for K301, but will fit M12 and K532.) $216.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 48 874 04-S. (Listed for K532, but will fit K301 and M12) $199.60 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 19-S. $167.15 each, plus shipping & handling. .030" Oversize Ring Sets (3.405" cylinder bore). For cast piston - High quality aftermarket. $18.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 48 108 04-S. $104.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 47 108 04-S. $76.00 each, plus shipping & handling. .030" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (3.405" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. (Will fit K301, M12 and K532.) $52.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 10-S. (Listed for K301 and M12, but will fit K532.) $216.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 20-S. $167.15 each, plus shipping & handling. .040" Oversize Piston and Ring Set (3.415" cylinder bore). (Will fit K301, M12 and K532.) (Ring set not available separately.) L Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. No Kohler part number. $60.00 each, plus shipping & handling.
Kohler K-series and Magnum models K321, M14 and K582 Ring Sets, and Piston and Ring Sets (includes wrist pin and retaining clips). (The K321, M14 and K582 engines use the same piston and rings.) Priced per cylinder. Compression height is 1.7". Rings made of high grade cast iron for durability. And being the wrist pin is centered, these pistons can be installed in either direction. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD Size Ring Sets (3.500" cylinder bore). For cast piston - High quality aftermarket. $24.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 48 108 05-S. $88.25 each, plus shipping & handling. For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 47 108 05-S. $101.95 each, plus shipping & handling. STD Size Pistons and Ring Sets (3.500" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. $55.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 11-S. $226.80 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - STD Size Pistons and Ring Sets (3.500" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 47 874 21-S, 47 874 22-S. Discontinued from Kohler. L .003" Oversize Cast Piston and Ring Set (3.503" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 47 874 12-S. $191.75 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" Oversize Ring Sets (3.510" cylinder bore). For cast piston - High quality aftermarket. $12.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 48 108 06-S. $80.85 each, plus shipping & handling. For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 47 108 06-S. $97.20 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (3.510" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. $52.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 13-S. $226.80 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 23-S. $276.20 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" Oversize Ring Sets (3.520" cylinder bore). For cast piston - High quality aftermarket. $15.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 48 108 07-S. $104.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 47 108 07-S. $97.20 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (3.520" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. $49.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 14-S. $226.80 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 24-S. Discontinued from Kohler. L .030" Oversize Ring Sets (3.530" cylinder bore). For cast piston - High quality aftermarket. $14.50 each, plus shipping & handling. For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 48 108 08-S. $104.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 47 108 08-S. $97.20 each, plus shipping & handling. .030" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (3.530" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. $49.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 15-S. $226.80 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 47 874 25-S. $214.85 each, plus shipping & handling. .040" Oversize Piston and Ring Set (3.540" cylinder bore). (Ring set not available separately.) L Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. No Kohler part number. $61.00 each, plus shipping & handling.
Kohler K-series and Magnum engine models K341, M16 and K361 Ring Sets, and Piston and Ring Sets (includes wrist pin and retaining clips). (The K341, M16 and K361 engines use the same piston and rings.) Compression height is 1.7". Rings made of high grade cast iron for durability. Wrist pin is offset to reduce piston slap. Therefore, piston installs with notch facing flywheel. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD Size Ring Sets (3.750" cylinder bore). For cast piston - High quality aftermarket. $26.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 45 108 06-S. $89.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 41 108 01-S. $65.22 each, plus shipping & handling. STD Size Pistons and Ring Sets (3.750" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. $100.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 45 874 01-S. $253.25 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 45 874 11-S. $300.85 each, plus shipping & handling. .003" Oversize Cast Pistons and Ring Sets (3.753" cylinder bore). Not available in aftermarket. L Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 45 874 02-S. $270.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 45 874 12-S. $244.90 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" Oversize Ring Sets (3.760" cylinder bore). Not available in aftermarket. L For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 45 108 07-S. $93.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 45 108 11-S. $158.30 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (3.760" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. $104.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 45 874 03-S. $253.25 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 45 108 13-S. $290.40 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" Oversize Ring Sets (3.770" cylinder bore). Not available in aftermarket. L For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 45 108 08-S. $93.00 each, plus shipping & handling. For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 45 108 12-S. $100.70 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (3.770" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. $104.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 45 874 04-S. $247.60 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 45 874 14-S. $290.00 each, plus shipping & handling. .030" Oversize Ring Set (3.780" cylinder bore). For cast piston - OEM Kohler part # 45 108 09-S. Discontinued from Kohler and not available alone in aftermarket. L For Mahle piston - OEM Kohler part # 45 108 13-S. $100.70 each, plus shipping & handling. .030" Oversize Pistons and Ring Sets (3.780" cylinder bore). Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. $104.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Cast piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 45 874 05-S. $213.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle piston and rings - OEM Kohler part # 45 874 15-S. $225.55 each, plus shipping & handling. .040" Oversize Piston and Ring Set (3.790" cylinder bore). (Ring set not available separately.) L Cast piston and rings - High quality aftermarket. No Kohler part number. $110.00 each, plus shipping & handling.
Piston Wrist Pin Retainers - for 5/8" diameter wrist pins. Fits Kohler engine models K141, K160/K161, K181, M8, MV16, KT17, KT17 series 2, M18, MV18 and MV20. Internal Snap Ring. High quality aftermarket. $1.50 each, plus shipping & handling. Wire Cir-Clip. OEM Kohler part # 230004-S. $3.66 each, plus shipping & handling. Piston Wrist Pin Retainers - for 3/4" diameter wrist pins. Fits Kohler engine models KT19, KT19 series 2 and M20. Internal Snap Ring. High quality aftermarket. $1.50 each, plus shipping & handling. Wire Cir-Clip. OEM Kohler part # 52 141 01-S. $3.98 each, plus shipping & handling. Ring Sets for Kohler flathead twin cylinder engine models MV16, KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, M18, MV18, M20 and MV20. (The MV16, KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, M18, MV18, M20 and MV20 use the same ring set.) The Magnum (M-series) engines have the new style Mahle forged pistons and rings. The Mahle rings will also fit the old style KT-series cast pistons. Ring sets for KT-series cast pistons no longer available. L They are replaced with Mahle piston and rings. Priced per cylinder. Order two sets for one engine. .010", .020" or .030" oversize rings not available in aftermarket. L IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD size (3.125" cylinder bore). High quality aftermarket. $40.00 each set (for one piston), plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 52 108 09-S. $76.90 each set (for one piston), plus shipping & handling. .010" oversize (3.135" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 108 10-S. $88.35 each set (for one piston), plus shipping & handling. .020" oversize (3.145" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 108 11-S. $85.60 each set (for one piston), plus shipping & handling. .030" oversize (3.155" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 108 12-S. $98.50 each set (for one piston), plus shipping & handling. Pistons, ring set, wrist pin and retaining clips for Kohler opposed (flathead) twin cylinder engine models listed below with a STD size cylinder bore of 3.125" (3-1/8"). The KT17, KT17 series 2, MV16, M18 and MV18 engines use the same piston and rings, and the KT19, KT19 series 2, M20 and MV20 engines use the same pistons and rings. The Magnum engines have the new style Mahle forged pistons and rings. Although the Mahle rings will fit the old style KT-series cast pistons, the Magnum pistons are not available for these engines. NOTE: The recessed hole on top of the piston faces the flywheel end of the engine. Pistons for model KT21 (snowmobile engine) are no longer available. Cast Pistons, Pins, Clips and Ring Sets for models KT17, KT17 series 2, MV16, M18, MV18. Wrist pin diameter: .6247"/.6249". Compression height: 1.125". Priced per cylinder. Order two sets for one engine. To maintain engine balance and reduce vibration, two sets of matching oversize pistons and rings are required. The KT-series cast piston thrust face to cylinder bore oil clearance is .007"-.010". Not available in aftermarket. L STD size (3.125" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 01-S. $256.90 each, plus shipping & handling. .003" oversize (3.128" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 02-S. Discontinued from Kohler. L .010" oversize (3.135" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 03-S. $257.15 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" oversize (3.145" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 04-S. $249.30 each, plus shipping & handling. .030" oversize (3.155" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 05-S. $249.55 each, plus shipping & handling. Mahle Pistons, Pins, Clips and Ring Sets for models KT17, KT17 series 2, MV16, M18, MV18. Wrist pin diameter: .6247"/.6249". Compression height: 1.125". Priced per cylinder. Order two sets for one engine. To maintain engine balance and reduce vibration, two sets of matching oversize pistons and rings are required. The Mahle forged piston thrust face to cylinder bore clearance is .0045"/.0062". Not available in aftermarket. L STD size (3.125" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 11-S. $170.80 each, plus shipping & handling. .003" oversize (3.128" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 12-S. Discontinued from Kohler. L .010" oversize (3.135" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 13-S. Discontinued from Kohler. L .020" oversize (3.145" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 14-S. Discontinued from Kohler. L .030" oversize (3.155" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 15-S. Discontinued from Kohler. L Cast Pistons, Pins, Clips and Ring Sets for models KT19, KT19 series 2, M20, MV20. Wrist pin diameter: .7499"/.7501". Compression height: 1.1875". Priced per cylinder. Order two sets for one engine. To maintain engine balance and reduce vibration, two sets of matching oversize pistons and rings are required. The KT-series cast piston thrust face to cylinder bore oil clearance is .007"-.010". Not available in aftermarket. L STD size (3.125" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 06-S. Discontinued from Kohler. L .010" oversize (3.135" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 08-S. $260.95 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" oversize (3.145" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 09-S. $260.95 each, plus shipping & handling. .030" oversize (3.155" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 10-S. Discontinued from Kohler. L Mahle Pistons, Pins, Clips and Ring Sets for models KT19, KT19 series 2, M20, MV20. Wrist pin diameter: .7499"/.7501". Compression height: 1.1875". Priced per cylinder. Order two sets for one engine. To maintain engine balance and reduce vibration, two sets of matching oversize pistons and rings are required. The Mahle forged piston thrust face to cylinder bore clearance is .0045"/.0062". Not available in aftermarket. L STD size (3.125" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 16-S. $168.80 each, plus shipping & handling. .003" oversize (3.128" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 17-S. $163.90 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" oversize (3.135" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 18-S. $163.60 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" oversize (3.145" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 19-S. $163.90 each, plus shipping & handling. .030" oversize (3.155" cylinder bore). OEM Kohler part # 52 874 20-S. Discontinued from Kohler. L
Bearing Plate Shim Gaskets to Set Crankshaft End-Play Clearance for Kohler engine model K90/K91. Included in complete engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. NOTE: Several gaskets may be required to obtain correct crankshaft end-play clearance. .010" thickness. OEM Kohler part # 220112-S. $3.45 each, plus shipping and handling. .020" thickness. OEM Kohler part # 220071-S. $4.15 each, plus shipping and handling. Please specify which thickness you need. Not available in aftermarket. L
Bearing Plate Shim Gaskets to Set Crankshaft End-Play Clearance for Kohler engine models K141, K160/K161 and K181. Included in complete engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. NOTE: Several gaskets may be required to obtain correct crankshaft end-play clearance. .015" thickness. OEM Kohler part # 230112-S. $3.45 each, plus shipping and handling. .030" thickness. OEM Kohler part # 230071-S. $6.25 each, plus shipping and handling. Please specify which thickness you need. Not available in aftermarket. L
Bearing Plate Shim Gaskets to Set Crankshaft End-Play Clearance for Kohler Magnum engine model M8. Included in complete engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. NOTE: Several gaskets may be required to obtain correct crankshaft end-play clearance. .015" thickness. OEM Kohler part # 41 041 08-S. $1.75 each, plus shipping and handling. .030" thickness. OEM Kohler part # 41 041 07-S. $2.10 each, plus shipping and handling. Please specify which thickness you need. Not available in aftermarket. L
Bearing Plate Shim Gaskets to Set Crankshaft End-Play Clearance for Kohler engine models K241, K301, K321, K341 and K361. Included in complete engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. NOTE: Several gaskets of each may be required to obtain correct crankshaft end-play clearance. Please specify which thickness you need. .015" thickness. High quality aftermarket. $2.10 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # 235070-S. $4.15 each, plus shipping and handling. .030" thickness. High quality aftermarket. $3.40 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # 235757-S. $7.05 each, plus shipping and handling.
Bearing Plate Shim Gaskets to Set Crankshaft End-Play Clearance for Kohler Magnum engine models M10, M12, M14 and M16. Included in complete engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. NOTE: Several gaskets of each may be required to obtain correct crankshaft end-play clearance. Please specify which thickness you need. Neither available in aftermarket. L .015" thickness. OEM Kohler part # 47 422 05-S. $2.50 each, plus shipping and handling. .030" thickness. OEM Kohler part # 47 041 05-S. $7.90 each, plus shipping and handling.
Complete engine rebuild gasket set w/oil seals for Kohler engine models K90/K91 cast iron block flathead engine. Discontinued from Kohler. Kohler part # 46 755 01-S. Please call or email for availability and price.	Complete engine rebuild gasket sets w/oil seals for Kohler K-series engine model K361. Discontinued from Kohler. Kohler part # 45 755 06-S. Coming Soon! High quality aftermarket K361 gasket sets! Please check back often for an update.
Complete engine rebuild gasket sets w/oil seals for Kohler engine models K141, K160/K161 and K181. Aftermarket set does not include crankcase breather filter. High quality aftermarket. $30.50 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # 41 755 06-S. $61.70 each, plus shipping and handling.	Complete engine rebuild gasket set w/oil seals for Kohler Magnum engine model M8. Aftermarket set does not include crankcase breather filter. OEM Kohler part # 41 755 17-S. $47.80 each, plus shipping and handling. Not available in aftermarket. L
Complete engine rebuild gasket sets w/oil seals for Kohler engine models K241, K301 and K321. Aftermarket set does not include crankcase breather filter. High quality aftermarket. $30.50 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # 47 755 08-S. $83.20 each, plus shipping and handling.	Complete engine rebuild gasket set w/oil seals for Kohler Magnum engine model M16. Aftermarket set does not include crankcase breather filter. OEM Kohler part # 45 755 12-S. $64.10 each, plus shipping and handling. Not available in aftermarket. L
Complete engine rebuild gasket sets w/oil seals for Kohler Magnum engine models M10, M12 and M14. Aftermarket set does not include crankcase breather filter. High quality aftermarket. $32.00 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # 47 755 27-S. $63.20 each, plus shipping and handling.	Complete engine rebuild gasket set w/oil seals for Kohler Magnum engine model M16. Aftermarket set does not include crankcase breather filter. OEM Kohler part # 45 755 12-S. $64.10 each, plus shipping and handling. Not available in aftermarket. L
Complete engine rebuild gasket sets w/oil seals and valve stem seals for Kohler K-series and Magnum opposed (flathead) twin cylinder engine models KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, MV16, M18, MV18, M20 and MV20. Aftermarket set does not include crankcase breather filter. High quality aftermarket. $70.00 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part #'s 52 755 93-S, 25 755 37-S. $125.60 each, plus shipping and handling.	Complete engine rebuild gasket set w/oil seals for Kohler opposed (flathead) twin cylinder engine models K482, K532 and K582. Not available in aftermarket. L New Old Stock. Discontinued from Kohler. OEM Kohler part # 48 755 33-S. $179.00 each, plus shipping and handling. (When available.)
Flywheel End Crankshaft Oil Seals for Kohler engine models K90/K91. Included in complete engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. IMPORTANT: Apply automotive grease in lip of seal before installing to keep seal lubricated and cool until internal oil can reach it. With no prior lubrication, the dry rubber will get hot from friction and burn away, causing an oil leak. High quality aftermarket. $2.25 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # X-271-15-S. $6.25 each, plus shipping and handling. PTO End Crankshaft Oil Seal for Kohler engine models K90/K91. Included in complete engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. IMPORTANT: Apply automotive grease in lip of seal before installing to keep seal lubricated and cool until internal oil can reach it. With no prior lubrication, the dry rubber will get hot from friction and burn away, causing an oil leak. Not available in aftermarket. L OEM Kohler part # X-271-16-S. $8.55 each, plus shipping and handling. Flywheel End Crankshaft Oil Seals for Kohler engine models K141, K160/K161, K181 and M8. Included in complete engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. IMPORTANT: Apply automotive grease in lip of seal before installing to keep seal lubricated and cool until internal oil can reach it. With no prior lubrication, the dry rubber will get hot from friction and burn away, causing an oil leak. High quality aftermarket. $2.00 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # X-583-1-S. $6.50 each, plus shipping and handling. PTO End Crankshaft Oil Seals for Kohler engine models K141, K160/K161, K181 and M8. Included in PTO engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. IMPORTANT: Apply automotive grease in lip of seal before installing to keep seal lubricated and cool until internal oil can reach it. With no prior lubrication, the dry rubber will get hot from friction and burn away, causing an oil leak. High quality aftermarket; $3.50 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # X-583-2-S. $6.50 each, plus shipping and handling. Flywheel End Crankshaft Oil Seals for Kohler engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361. Dimensions: 1.500" i.d. x 2.004" o.d. x 1/4" tall. Included in complete engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. IMPORTANT: Apply automotive grease in lip of seal before installing to keep seal lubricated and cool until internal oil can reach it. With no prior lubrication, the dry rubber will get hot from friction and burn away, causing an oil leak. High quality aftermarket. $2.90 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # 47 032 06-S. $12.25 each, plus shipping and handling. PTO End Crankshaft Oil Seals for Kohler engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361. Dimensions: 1.500" i.d. x 2.238" o.d. x 1/4" tall. Included in complete engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. IMPORTANT: Apply automotive grease in lip of seal before installing to keep seal lubricated and cool until internal oil can reach it. With no prior lubrication, the dry rubber will get hot from friction and burn away, causing an oil leak. High quality aftermarket. $4.00 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # 47 032 07-S. $12.25 each, plus shipping and handling. Flywheel End Crankshaft Oil Seal for Kohler horizontal and vertical shaft opposed (flathead) twin cylinder engine models KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, MV16, M18, MV18, M20 and MV20, and PTO end only on vertical shaft engine models MV16, MV18 and MV20. Dimensions: 1-3/8" i.d. x 1-3/4" o.d. x 1/4" thickness. Included in complete engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. IMPORTANT: Apply automotive grease in lip of seal before installing to keep seal lubricated and cool until internal oil can reach it. With no prior lubrication, the dry rubber will get hot from friction and burn away, causing an oil leak. Not available in aftermarket. L OEM Kohler part # 52 032 10-S. $13.35 each, plus shipping and handling. PTO End Crankshaft Oil Seal for Kohler horizontal shaft opposed (flathead) twin cylinder engine models KT17, KT17 series 2, and M18. Dimensions: 1-3/8" i.d. x 2-3/8" o.d. x .380" thickness. Included in complete engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. IMPORTANT: Apply automotive grease in lip of seal before installing to keep seal lubricated and cool until internal oil can reach it. With no prior lubrication, the dry rubber will get hot from friction and burn away, causing an oil leak. Not available in aftermarket. L OEM Kohler part # X-583-5-S. $12.97 each, plus shipping and handling. PTO End Crankshaft Oil Seals for Kohler horizontal shaft Kohler opposed (flathead) twin cylinder engine models KT19, KT19 series 2 and M20. Dimensions: 1-1/2" i.d. x 2-3/8" o.d. x .380" thickness. Included in complete engine rebuild gasket set below Ê. IMPORTANT: Apply automotive grease in lip of seal before installing to keep seal lubricated and cool until internal oil can reach it. With no prior lubrication, the dry rubber will get hot from friction and burn away, causing an oil leak. High quality aftermarket. $4.10 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # 25 032 06-S. $4.31 each, plus shipping and handling.

"Popping" the Piston Out of the Cylinder -

"Popping" the piston out of the cylinder a few thousands of an inch by offsetting the bore in the connecting rod and installing bearing inserts, decking the block or using a custom piston and connecting rod combination will improve air flow and raise the compression ratio within the combustion chamber for more power and torque. Remember, when popping the piston out of the cylinder, there must a minimum of .030" clearance between the cylinder head and top of piston! To determine the distance between the cylinder head and piston, first measure the thickness of the compressed head gasket, and then subtract .030" for clearance. It may be necessary to machine the underneath area of the [billet] head directly over the piston to obtain the .030" safety clearance. Also, the edge of the piston must be ground away for improved combustion. See further below Ê.

If there's inadequate piston to cylinder head clearance, the piston will hit the head, without a doubt. If the engine is able to crank over and run, this will be evident by a loud tapping sound in the engine. A series of events will then soon happen: As the piston continues to strike the head, this will crush or flatten the soft metal coating (babbitt material) in the upper half of the bearing insert in the connecting rod, causing the rod to knock. But the knocking sound probably wouldn't be heard due to the piston hitting the head. Or there will be a "double knock." At very high RPM (wide open throttle), the looseness of the "flattened" bearing will cause the rod bolts to stretch. This will happen even in an aftermarket 4-bolt billet rod. But a stock OEM rod will probably just break. This could also cause the crankshaft to bend (or break), rather if it's made of cast iron or steel. If the engine is ran continually at high RPM or at wide open throttle, eventually the connecting rod will break, or the bolts in an aftermarket billet rod will break and the rod cap will become disconnected from the rod, which will likely destroy the engine block.

Being virtually all Kohler K241/M10 (10hp) pistons come within .020"± from the top of the block, which lowers the compression ratio. (The factory made them this way for reasons unknown.) I prefer to bore the K241/M10 rods .020" offset so the piston will come flush with the top of the block. This will allow the engine to produce a little more power. It won't effect the longevity of the engine or cause any problems whatsoever. But sometimes with the .020" offset, the piston will pop out of the cylinder a few thousandths of an inch, which will still hurt nothing. And the bore can be offset .040" for a .020"± piston pop-out.

The OEM head gasket has a compressed thickness of about .050". The piston and cylinder head needs to have a minimum clearance of .030'. Therefore, with a milled head, the piston needs to pop out at a maximum of .020".

If you choose to use a piston and connecting rod combination that comes flush with the top of the cylinder, decking the block a maximum of .020" will allow the piston to pop out of the cylinder approximately .020". The stock head gasket is approximately .050" thick when compressed. Therefore, this will allow the .030" of the required clearance between the cylinder head and piston. In addition to decking the block, the valve seats will have to be re-done and proper valve lash adjustments must be made.

The compressed thickness of an OEM Kohler head gasket is about .050". The piston needs to have a minimum clearance of .030" due to rod stretch and crankshaft flex at very high RPM. And yes, when precision-balanced, even a cast iron crankshaft will flex a few thousands of an inch at high RPM or at wide open throttle without breaking.

The edge of the piston will have to be ground away with the piston in the block and connecting rod attached to the crankshaft. Otherwise, the edge may be too high or too low with the top of the engine block. And if the piston is going to be popped out just .020", there's no need to grind the edge away.

Removing Metal From the Edge of the Piston For Improved Combustion:

1. Place the crankshaft in the block along with the bearing plate.
2. With the rings off the piston, slide the piston, connecting rod with the bearing into the cylinder.
3. Rotate the crankshaft so the piston is at the TDC position.
4. Use a felt marker to place a line on the side of the piston next to the deck which face the valves.
5. Remove the piston, and use a wide flat sanding belt or large diameter disc sander to grind off the mark and grind an angled edge on top of the piston about 3/8" back. Create about a 30º angle or smooth the grinding so it'll blend in with the top of the piston. The grinding should resemble a "crescent moon" shape on the piston.
6. Finally, use fine sandpaper to smooth and polish the ground edge.

Here's two interesting web sites: Arias Pistons (http://www.ariaspistons.com/) | J&E Pistons (http://www.jepistons.com/).

New high performance piston and ring assemblies are available from Lakota Racing (http://www.lakotaracing.com/), Midwest Super Cub (http://www.midwestsupercub.net/) and Vogel Manufacturing Co. (http://www.vogelmanufacturing.com/). They offer them in various sizes and compression heights. They also make billet connecting rods to match the compression height of the piston and stroke of the crankshaft.

The differences between the K241/M10 (10hp) and K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 (16hp) flatheads and K361 (18hp OHV) Kohler OEM pistons, rods and crankshafts:

• The K241/M10 (10hp) piston have a compression height of exactly 1.62". The wrist hole diameter is .8596" (minimum/worn) -.8599" (maximum/new). Length of the connecting rod when measured from the centerline of each hole is exactly 5.558" in length. The crankshaft has a standard stroke of 2.875".
• The K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 (16hp) flatheads and K361 (18hp OHV) OEM piston have a compression height of exactly 1.7". The wrist hole diameter is .8757" (minimum/worn) - .8760" (maximum/new). Length of the connecting rod when measured from the centerline of each hole is exactly 5.3" in length. The crankshaft has a standard stroke of 3.250".
• All the engines above È have the same deck height, which is exactly 8.625" (when measured from centerline of main radial ball bearings to top of block.)

What does "Compression Height" of a Piston Mean?

The compression height is the measured distance from the top of the piston to the center of the wrist pin. The stock K241/M10 (10hp) Kohler piston has a compression height of 1.62", and the stock 12 through 18hp Kohler pistons have a compression height of 1.7". When the wrist pin is located lower in the piston (this is known as "high compression height"), a shorter connecting rod must be used with the piston for it to come flush with the top of the engine block. The dome on a piston in an overhead valve engine is not considered as "piston pop-out." Only the flat area just above the top ring is measured for the piston compression height.

Many high performance pistons have the wrist pin located closer to the top of the piston. (This is known as "low compression height.") With a high performance piston with the wrist pin located closer to the top, a longer connecting rod must be used with the piston for it to come flush with the top of the block, or a slightly longer rod is used for the piston to pop out of the cylinder a few thousands of an inch. The reason many professional engine builders prefer to use a longer connecting rod is because they can pop the piston out of the cylinder, plus reduce the friction that the piston skirt places against the cylinder wall at very high RPM.

Calculating the Correct Piston Compression Height - (To determine which piston and connecting rod combination will work best for a pulling engine.) Java Script will need to be enabled in your web browser for this to work.

Enter Deck Height: (From centerline of main radial ball bearings to top of block. The deck height on OEM Kohler 10-16hp blocks is 8.625".) Enter Crankshaft Stroke: (OEM Kohler K241/M10 (10hp) stroke is 2.875"; K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 (16hp) and K361 (18hp OHV) stroke is 3.25".) Enter Rod Length: (Measure from centerline of wrist pin hole to centerline of rod bearing hole. OEM Kohler K241/M10 (10hp) rods measures 5.558"; and the OEM Kohler K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 (16hp) and K361 (18hp OHV) rods measures 5.3". If a rod is bored .020" offset for piston pop-out [and for installation of bearing inserts], this increases the rod's length by .020".) Enter Piston Compression Height: (Distance from centerline of wrist pin to top of piston. OEM Kohler K241/M10 (10hp) is 1.62"; K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp), K341/M16 (16hp) and K361 (18hp OHV) piston compression height is 1.7".) Answer: = Piston Compression Height. (Distance from top of piston to top of engine block with piston positioned at true TDC; 0 (zero) means piston comes flush w/deck [neutral]; 0.xx means amount of piston is down in the cylinder [negative]; and -0.xx means amount of piston is protruding out of the cylinder [positive].) When the piston comes flush with the top of the engine block, this is called neutral piston height. When the piston is lower than the top of the block, this is called negative piston height, resulting in lower compression. And when the top of the piston pops out of the cylinder, this is called positive piston height, resulting in higher compression. Return To Previous Paragraph, Web Site or Section | Top of page

Why Having Proper Crankshaft End Play or End Clearance Is So Important -

On virtually any engine, crankshaft end play (clearance) is a few thousands of an inch when the crankshaft can move side to side (horizontal shaft engines) or up and down (vertical shaft engines). Inadequate crankshaft end play can have an effect on the crankshaft main radial ball bearings and engine performance.

Having proper crankshaft end play controls the stability of the piston in the cylinder, lessens wrist pin wear, lessens ring wear and it lessens connecting rod bearing surface wear on the crank journal. On a vertical shaft engine, if the crankshaft has too much end play, the piston will operate diagonally (at an angle) in the cylinder. This diagonal movement of the piston will cause the rings, wrist pin and rod bearing surface to wear unevenly and prematurely. But on a horizontal shaft engine, if the crank has too much end play, the piston and connecting rod will wobble side to side in the cylinder (much like the clapper in a bell). at high RPM or at wide open throttle, the crankshaft can move back and forth so quickly, the wrist pin in the piston couldn't react quick enough to compensate for the excessive movement. Also, on engines such as the cast iron block Kohler with helical (angled) teeth on the crankshaft and camshaft gears, too much crankshaft end play will effect the valve timing, which in turn will effect engine performance.

In a Kohler engine, insufficient crankshaft end play will cause the main radial ball bearings to overheat and "tighten up" and produce a "whine" or "howling" sound at high RPM or at wide open throttle. The overheated bearings could also cause the engine to slow down for no apparent reason at high RPM or at wide open throttle when the [petroleum] motor oil reaches it's normal operating temperature.

In an engine that has radial ball bearings as main radial ball bearings, the steel balls in the main radial ball bearings turn the same speed as the crankshaft. If there's insufficient crankshaft end play, and the faster the crankshaft spins, the balls in the main radial ball bearings will spin just as fast, and despite having quality lubricating oil in the crankcase, the balls get hot, sometimes very hot. And the so-called high performance aftermarket 11- or 12-ball main radial ball bearings operate even hotter. When this happens, they swell a few thousands of an inch. If they swell too much, crankshaft end play is taken up and crankshaft binding occurs, which effects engine performance. This is why it's so important when rebuilding or building an engine to set the proper crankshaft end play to specifications. I found that the OEM Kohler 8-ball main radial ball bearings works better in either a factory-stock or in a high performance or high RPM engine. Just like the factory-built Chevy V8 engines, Kohler engineers knew what they were doing when they designed the internal parts for their engines.

A much lower cost alternative to using a machined aftermarket billet aluminum bearing plate for a pulling engine is to make one from an OEM Kohler bearing plate that's used on an older 10-14hp Kohler engine with the smaller 8" flywheel and starter/generator. Use a vertical metal bandsaw to cut the outer portion off (use safety glasses and extreme caution!), then smooth any sharp edges.

A bearing plate made from OEM for a pulling engine may not look the best, but because of the reinforced raised ribbing, it's just as strong to maintain proper crankshaft end-play clearance. And besides, once the engine is installed in the tractor, being the cut-out bearing plate is behind the flywheel and under the safety shielding, no one will ever see it!

The gaskets on the bearing plate of a Kohler engine are also shims to adjust the crankshaft end play. Although a dial indicator can be used, a feeler gauge can be used instead to accurately measure crankshaft end-play between the PTO bearing and the shoulder on the crankshaft where it butts against the bearing. It's too hard to get at to measure the crankshaft end-play on the flywheel end. No enough space. That's why I recommend measuring at the PTO end. It's the same difference. Anyway, use a heavy brass hammer to drive the crank forward to check the clearance after installing the bearing plate with gaskets. If the clearance needs correcting, remove the bearing plate and add or subtract thick or thin gaskets as required. Sometimes when a Kohler engine is reassembled, it will take several gaskets to achieve the proper crankshaft end play. And as long as the bearing on the PTO end is fully seated and the crankshaft is more or less butted against the bearing, the [OEM cast] cam timing will be in perfect alignment.

To set the clearance, install one or two thick (.030") and/or one or two thin (.015") gaskets between the crankcase and bearing plate until the desired clearance is obtained. The end play on the 10-16hp flatheads and the 18hp OHV Kohler single cylinder engines is .003" (for very low RPM engines) to .020" (for very high RPM engines). Personally, I like to set the crankshaft end play anywhere between .012" - .020". I don't like the "closeness" of the .003" - .011" of clearance. The engines I build seems to turn freer at high RPM with the little more clearance.

Why Do Some Main Radial Ball Bearings Fit Tight on a Kohler Crankshaft and Others Have a Slip-Fit?

I've rebuilt many cast iron block Kohler engines through the years, and it seems that with all of them, either the crankshaft main journals were machined a few thousands of an inch different, or the main radial ball bearings were machined different. Either way, with some engines, when installing the crankshaft, I have to drive the crank into the bearing on the PTO side and sometimes I have to drive the front bearing plate on, too. But with other engines, the crank just slides into each bearing. Being a machinist, I know that cast iron and steel contracts a few thousands of an inch in cool temperatures and expands a few thousands of an inch in warm temperatures. With this fact, being that Kohler's old manufacturing building(s) probably wasn't insulated that well or at all, it would seem that Kohler machined (ground) some of their crankshafts (and/or bearings) on a cool day during the winter months and others were machined on a warm day during the summer months. This would explain why there's a few thousands of an inch difference with the main journals on their crankshafts. The Kohler engine blocks and camshafts were probably milled or machined the same way. This is why the camshaft and crankshaft need shimming to acquire the proper end-play clearance. If they were all machined exactly the same under controlled conditions, such as with CNC machines, the parts would all measure exactly the same and no shimming would be required. Either that, or the parts were machined on an early Monday morning, or late Friday afternoon.

Back in the day when Kohler machined their cast iron engine blocks, camshafts and crankshafts, quality control wasn't as strict as it is today with the precision of CNC machines. The same is true with the Cub Cadet cast iron case transaxles, shafts and gears. That's why the camshaft and crankshaft require shimming (steel shims or various thicknesses of gaskets) to set the end-play clearances of either. And the ring and pinion gear teeth require [steel] shims to set the clearance and back-lash, and the tapered bearings need to be shimmed to set the preload. And as long as they're not bent or distorted, the shims can be reused with no problems. Nowadays, thanks to the precision of CNC machining, virtually all makes and models of engine blocks and transaxles don't require shims... for anything! As a matter of fact, many of them don't even use or require gaskets. They use silicone sealant instead (except for the head gasket(s) on the engines).

Anyway, to adjust the crankshaft end play, set it according to Kohler's specs. Use a heavy wooden or leather mallet to bump the crank back and forth so you can get a feeler gauge between the PTO bearing and crank to measure the end play clearance. And despite if the main radial ball bearings fit tight on the crank, as long as the end play is set right, the engine should run fine.

It's common knowledge that most metals retracts (shrinks) a few thousandths of an inch when cool or cold, and expends (swells) a few thousandths of an inch when warm or hot. Knowing this, when building or rebuilding an engine, keep in mind that if the engine parts are either cool or warm, the end-play clearances for the camshaft, crankshaft, valves, piston-to-cylinder wall, etc., will vary according to the temperature conditions the engine is being assembled under. According to the manufacturer's clearance specifications, allow for slightly greater clearances if the temperature is cool (when working in a shop that don't hold heat well during wintertime), and for lesser clearances if the weather is around 72° F. Actually, it's best to build or rebuild an engine during warm weather with the engine parts warmed at room temperature at around 72° F.

If all the oil were cleaned from the Kohler crankshaft main [ball] bearings with cleaning solvent and allowed to thoroughly dry, and then if the bearings were spun by hand, and if the bearings isn't worn much or at all, they will make a rattling sound. The noise isn't necessarily because the bearing is worn, the noise is caused by the balls running dry on the races (metal to metal contact) because there's no oil to separate the two. Apply a small amount of motor oil to the balls/races and then spin the bearings by hand. They should be a lot quieter now. The same thing will happen with new bearings. And if the bearings have very little free play in them (about .005"), like they're worn, don't worry about this. As the engine RPM increases and when the motor oil warms up, the balls in the bearings will expand. Even new bearings have little play in them for this reason. If all bearings, new or used, had no free play, as they get warm up, the balls would bind in the races, lessening the performance of the bearing.

Information About Using the Correct Connecting Rod for the Job -

If you've ever wondered about the differences between the early K-series connecting rods and the new style [Magnum engine] rods, the sides of the wrist pin hole on the new style rod are machined narrow so it can fit inside the new style Mahle (Magnum) forged piston. A new style rod will fit both the older K-series pistons and Mahle pistons without modification, but the K-series rod will fit only the K-series cast pistons. If you want to use a K-series rod with a Mahle piston, the sides of the wrist pin must be ground narrow so it'll fit inside the Mahle piston.

The best OEM connecting rod to hold up well above 4,000 RPM for use in a 12, 14 and 16hp engine is the one made for Kohler's 18hp OHV (K361) engine. The 18hp rods are much stronger than the 16hp (K341) rod, and more expensive. These rods should hold up well as long as the piston assembly and rod are precision balanced to the crankshaft's counterweights. Because no rod is indestructible when it comes to high speed out-of-balance rotating parts.

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If you need a new or used connecting rod for your K241/M10 (10hp), K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp) or 16hp engine, or if you wish to have your K241/M10 (10hp)-18hp connecting rod fitted with bearing inserts, please contact A-1 Miller's Performance Enterprises | 1501 W. Old Plank Rd. | Columbia, MO 65203-9136 USA | Phone: 1-573-256-0313 (shop) | 1-573-881-7229 (cell). Please call Monday-Friday (except Holidays), 9am to 5pm, Central time zone. If no answer, please try again later. (When speaking with Brian, please be patient because I stutter.) A-1 Miller's shop is open to the public, including weekends. Please call before coming so I'll be here waiting for your arrival. Fax: 1-573-449-7347. E-mail: pullingtractor@aol.com. Directions to our shop | 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO - Google Maps or Map of 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO by MapQuest. Click here for more parts and services. | Please click here to place an order.

NOTE: All parts listed here are NEW, unless otherwise stated. I do not sell cheap junk! As a matter of fact, most OEM Kohler parts are made in China now. Kohler owns some of the factories in China that make the parts. And most aftermarket parts are also made by Kohler in China. Kohler just place the part(s) in a generic box and sell them for less money. So when purchasing a genuine OEM Kohler part that comes in a box with the Kohler name on it, you're really just paying more money for the name. And as far as some parts being no longer available - either the parts didn't sell well or the EPA is trying to phase out parts for the old cast iron block flathead engines because they produce more air pollution than the newer OHV engines.

There's "match marks" on both the rod and rod cap. They MUST be aligned or "matched up" so the big end of the rod forms a perfect circle around the crank journal when installed. Otherwise, if the cap is installed backwards, the "perfect circle" will be egg-shaped or oblong, which will bind on the crank journal. DO NOT over-tighten the rod bolts! Upon installation, the oil hole in the cap faces toward the camshaft. And if the threads strip out in a rod, then perhaps a longer grade 8 fine thread bolt can be installed in reverse (the rod will need to be machined for head bolt clearance) and use a grade 8 nut. If not, then the rod is scrap metal.

Connecting rods for Kohler engine models K90/K91. Not available in aftermarket. L NOTE: Crank journal must be reground .010" undersize to match this rod. The alternative to using an undersize rod - If a STD size or .010" undersize rod is in good condition, the matching crank journal can be reground so it's perfectly round again and then if the original rod isn't badly scored or burnt, it can be resized to fit to odd-size undersize journal. IMPORTANT: To prevent scoring of the rod when the engine is started for the first time, apply automotive wheel bearing grease or chassis lube on crank journal before installing rod. This will better protect the parts until crankcase oil reaches them. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD size. (.938") OEM Kohler part # B-220111-S. (Numbers 220489 embossed on rod.) $57.00 each, plus shipping & handling. (New Old Stock; when available.) .010" undersize (w/hole drilled in beam section). (.928") OEM Kohler part # B-220111-10-S. $69.00 each, plus shipping & handling.

New connecting rods for Kohler engine models K141 and K160/K161. These are plain aluminum bearing surface rods. Replaceable bearing inserts are not available for these particular rods. NOTE: Crank journal must be reground .010" undersize to match this rod. The alternative to using an undersize rod - If a STD size or .010" undersize rod is in good condition, the matching crank journal can be reground so it's perfectly round again and then if the original rod isn't badly scored or burnt, it can be resized to fit to odd-size undersize journal. IMPORTANT: To prevent scoring of the rod when the engine is started for the first time, apply automotive wheel bearing grease or chassis lube on crank journal before installing rod. This will better protect the parts until crankcase oil reaches them. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD size. High quality aftermarket. $46.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # B-230039-S. $103.70 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" undersize (w/hole drilled in beam section). High quality aftermarket. $46.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # B-230039-10-S. $78.10 each, plus shipping & handling.

New connecting rods for Kohler K-series and Magnum engine models K181/M8. These are plain aluminum bearing surface rods. Replaceable bearing inserts are not available for these particular rods. NOTE: Crank journal must be reground .010" undersize to match this rod. The alternative to using an undersize rod - If a STD size or .010" undersize rod is in good condition, the matching crank journal can be reground so it's perfectly round again and then if the original rod isn't badly scored or burnt, it can be resized to fit to odd-size undersize journal. IMPORTANT: To prevent scoring of the rod when the engine is started for the first time, apply automotive wheel bearing grease or chassis lube on crank journal before installing rod. This will better protect the parts until crankcase oil reaches them. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. For "old style" K-series cast piston with wide wrist pin hole. (Strong rods.) STD size. High quality aftermarket. $22.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 41 067 10-S. $66.10 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" undersize (w/hole drilled in beam section). For "old style" K-series cast piston with wide wrist pin hole. (Strong rods.) High quality aftermarket. $31.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 41 067 11-S. $84.30 each, plus shipping & handling. For "new style" Mahle (Magnum) forged piston with wide wrist pin hole. (Strong rods.) Not available in aftermarket. L STD size. (1.186") OEM Kohler part # 41 067 08-S. $91.20 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" undersize (w/hole drilled in beam section). (1.176") OEM Kohler part # 41 067 09-S. $91.20 each, plus shipping & handling.

New connecting rod for Kohler K-series and Magnum engine models K241/M10. Strong rods. Comes with long dipper. 5.558" length. These are plain aluminum bearing surface rods, but I can bore rod and install STD size, .010", .020" or .030" undersize replaceable bearing inserts if you wish. NOTE: These rods can be bored for installation of STD size, .010", .020",or .030" undersize bearing inserts, and crank journal must be reground to match diameter of undersize bearing inserts. Crank journal must be reground .010" undersize to match this rod. The alternative to using an undersize rod - If a STD size or .010" undersize rod is in good condition, the matching crank journal can be reground so it's perfectly round again and then if the original rod isn't badly scored or burnt, it can be resized to fit to odd-size undersize journal. Bearing inserts cannot be used. IMPORTANT: To prevent scoring of the rod when the engine is started for the first time, apply automotive wheel bearing grease or chassis lube on crank journal before installing rod. This will better protect the parts until crankcase oil reaches them. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD size. (1.500") High quality aftermarket. (w/long integrated dipper for deep oil pan; cut half off for shallow oil pan.) $28.00 each, plus shipping & handling. High quality aftermarket. (w/long bolt-on steel dipper for deep oil pan; cut half off for shallow oil pan.) $40.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 47 067 13-S. (w/long integrated dipper for deep oil pan; cut half off for shallow oil pan.) $83.90 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 47 067 11-S. (w/short integrated dipper for shallow oil pan.) $107.70 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" undersize (w/hole drilled in beam section). (1.490") High quality aftermarket. (w/long integrated dipper for deep oil pan; cut half off for shallow oil pan.) $35.00 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 47 067 14-S. (w/long integrated dipper for deep oil pan; cut half off for shallow oil pan.) $106.10 each, plus shipping & handling. OEM Kohler part # 47 067 12-S. (w/short integrated dipper for shallow oil pan.) $110.35 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" undersize. (1.480") No Kohler part number. (w/long integrated dipper for deep oil pan; cut half off for shallow oil pan.) $48.00 each, plus shipping & handling.

New "one color" connecting rods for Kohler K-series and Magnum engine models K301/M12 and K321/M14. Comes with long dipper. These are plain aluminum bearing surface rods, but I can bore rod and install STD size, .010", .020" or .030" undersize replaceable bearing inserts if you wish. 5.3" length. NOTE: These rods can be bored for installation of STD size, .010", .020",or .030" undersize bearing inserts, and crank journal must be reground to match diameter of undersize bearing inserts. Crank journal must be reground .010" undersize to match this rod. The alternative to using an undersize rod - If a STD size or .010" undersize rod is in good condition, the matching crank journal can be reground so it's perfectly round again then if the original rod isn't badly scored or burnt, it can be resized to fit to odd-size undersize journal. Bearing inserts cannot be used. IMPORTANT: To prevent scoring of the rod when the engine is ran for the first time, apply automotive wheel bearing grease or chassis lube on crank journal before installing rod. This will better protect the parts until crankcase oil reaches them. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD size. (1.500") High quality aftermarket. For "old style" K-series cast piston with wide wrist pin hole. $28.00 each, plus shipping and handling. High quality aftermarket. Wrist pin hole machined narrow for "new style" Mahle (Magnum) forged piston. $48.00 each, plus shipping and handling. Magnum and K-series "new style" rod. This particular forged rod has a thick beam section, which makes it just as strong as a billet rod, and with bearing inserts installed, it's suitable for high RPM and wide open throttle engine operation. And when used with a factory type piston, the rotating assembly will not need to be rebalanced. OEM Kohler part # 45 067 24-S. $102.85 each, plus shipping and handling. .010" undersize (w/hole drilled in beam section). (1.490") High quality aftermarket. For "old style" K-series cast piston with wide wrist pin hole. $36.00 each, plus shipping and handling. High quality aftermarket. Wrist pin hole machined narrow for "new style" Mahle (Magnum) forged piston. $56.00 each, plus shipping and handling. Magnum and K-series "new style" rod. This particular forged rod has a thick beam section, which makes it just as strong as a billet rod, and with bearing inserts installed, it's suitable for high RPM and wide open throttle engine operation. And when used with a factory type piston, the rotating assembly will not need to be rebalanced. OEM Kohler part # 45 067 25-S. $143.60 each, plus shipping and handling. .020" undersize. (1.480") No Kohler part number. High quality aftermarket. For "old style" K-series cast piston with wide wrist pin hole. $48.00 each, plus shipping & handling. High quality aftermarket. Wrist pin hole machined narrow for "new style" Mahle (Magnum) forged piston. $58.00 each, plus shipping & handling.

New "one color" connecting rods for Kohler K-series and Magnum engine models K341/M16. These rods have a narrow wrist pin hole. Comes with long dipper. These are plain aluminum bearing surface rods, but I can bore rod and install bearing inserts (replaceable rod bearings) if you wish. 5.3" length. NOTE: All 16hp rods, K-series or Magnum, have a narrow wrist pin hole. Also, these rods can be bored for installation of STD size, .010", .020",or .030" undersize bearing inserts, and crank journal must be reground to match diameter of undersize bearing inserts. Crank journal must be reground .010" undersize to match this rod. The alternative to using an undersize rod - If a STD size or .010" undersize rod is in good condition, the matching crank journal can be reground so it's perfectly round again then if the original rod isn't badly scored or burnt, it can be resized to fit to odd-size undersize journal. Bearing inserts cannot be used. IMPORTANT: To prevent scoring of the rod when the engine is ran for the first time, apply automotive wheel bearing grease or chassis lube on crank journal before installing rod. This will better protect the parts until crankcase oil reaches them. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD size. (1.500") High quality aftermarket K-series rod. Discontinued from Kohler. Replaces Kohler part # 45 067 22-S. $48.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Magnum and K-series "new style" rod. This particular forged rod has a thick beam section, which makes it just as strong as a billet rod, and with bearing inserts installed, it's suitable for high RPM and wide open throttle engine operation. And when used with a factory type piston, the rotating assembly will not need to be rebalanced. OEM Kohler part # 45 067 24-S. $102.85 each, plus shipping & handling. Return To Previous Paragraph È .010" undersize (w/hole drilled in beam section). (1.490") High quality aftermarket K-series rod. Discontinued from Kohler. Replaces Kohler part # 45 067 23-S. $56.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Magnum and K-series "new style" rod. This particular forged rod has a thick beam section, which makes it just as strong as a billet rod, and with bearing inserts installed, it's suitable for high RPM and wide open throttle engine operation. And when used with a factory type piston, the rotating assembly will not need to be rebalanced. OEM Kohler part # 45 067 25-S. $143.60 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" undersize. (1.480") High quality aftermarket. No Kohler part number. $58.00 each, plus shipping & handling.

ALCOA connecting rods for Kohler engine model K361 (18hp OHV). Also fits the K301/M12, K321/M14 and K341/M16 flathead engines. Extremely strong rods. These rods have a narrow wrist pin hole for the Mahle, K341 and K361 pistons. Comes with long dipper. These are plain aluminum bearing surface rods, but I can bore rod and install bearing inserts (replaceable rod bearings) if you wish. 5.3" length. NOTE: These rods can be bored for installation of STD size, .010", .020",or .030" undersize bearing inserts, and crank journal must be reground to match diameter of undersize bearing inserts. Crank journal must be reground .010" undersize to match this rod. The alternative to using an undersize rod - If a STD size or .010" undersize rod is in good condition, the matching crank journal can be reground so it's perfectly round again and then if the original rod isn't badly scored or burnt, it can be resized to fit to odd-size undersize journal. Bearing inserts cannot be used. IMPORTANT: To prevent scoring of the rod when the engine is started for the first time, apply automotive wheel bearing grease or chassis lube on crank journal before installing rod. This will better protect the parts until crankcase oil reaches them. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD size. (1.500") OEM Kohler part # 45 067 15-S. $120.00 each, plus shipping & handling. (New Old Stock; when available.) .010" undersize (w/hole drilled in beam section). (1.490") New. OEM Kohler part # 45 067 17-S. $213.55 each, plus shipping & handling.

New connecting rods for Kohler KT-series and Magnum engine models MV16, KT17, KT17 series 2, M18, MV18 with a wrist pin hole diameter of .625" and STD crank journal diameter of 1.3733"/1.3738". NOTE: Crank journal must be reground .010" undersize to match this rod. And new rods for model KT19 is no longer available. L Also, the KT17 cylinders are different than the M18 cylinders because the OEM KT17 rods are narrower than the M18 rods. To make the KT17 cylinders work with M18 rods, grind away (notch out) the lower portion of the cylinders until the rods clear. Or acquire a couple of M18 cylinders that's in good condition. (The OEM [US] manufacturers are phasing out many parts for flathead engines due to EPA smog emissions. But some parts may still be available in aftermarket.) The alternative to using undersize rods - If STD size or .010" undersize rods are in good condition, the matching crank journals can be reground so they're perfectly round again then if the original rod(s) isn't badly scored or burnt, it can be resized to fit to odd-size undersize journal(s). IMPORTANT: To prevent scoring of the rods when the engine is ran for the first time, apply automotive grease on crank journal before installing rod. This will better protect the parts until crankcase oil reaches them. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD size. High quality aftermarket. $70.00 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # 52 067 67-S. $98.90 each, plus shipping and handling. .010" undersize (w/hole drilled in beam section). High quality aftermarket. $90.00 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # 52 067 68-S. $123.88 each, plus shipping and handling. New connecting rod for Kohler KT-series and Magnum engine models KT19 Series II, M20 and MV20 with a wrist pin hole diameter of .750" and STD crank journal diameter of 1.4993"/1.4998". NOTE: Crank journal must be reground .010" undersize to match this rod. The alternative to using undersize rods - If STD size or .010" undersize rods are in good condition, the matching crank journals can be reground so they're perfectly round again then if the original rod(s) isn't badly scored or burnt, it can be resized to fit to odd-size undersize journal(s). IMPORTANT: To prevent scoring of the rods when the engine is started for the first time, apply automotive grease on crank journal before installing rod. This will better protect the parts until crankcase oil reaches them. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. STD size no longer available from any source. Not available in aftermarket. L (The OEM [US] manufacturers are phasing out many parts for flathead engines due to EPA smog emissions. But some parts may still be available in aftermarket.) .010" undersize (w/hole drilled in beam section). OEM Kohler part # 52 067 72-S. $93.10 each, plus shipping and handling.

Connecting rods for Kohler engine models K482, K532, K582 and K660/K662 have been discontinued from Kohler. I don't stock these rods. Used and New Old Stock rods can be purchased off of eBay when available. And with the crankshaft rod journals reground to .010", .020" or .030" undersize, the K532 or K582 connecting rods can be bored for installation of matching bearing inserts (replaceable rod bearings). Certain bearing inserts for British MG car engines will fit the K532 and K582 rods perfectly when the rod is bored to accept the (STD size, .010", .020" or .030" undersize) bearings. The alternative to using undersize rods - if a STD size or .010" undersize rod is in good condition, the matching crank journal can be reground until it's perfectly round again, then if the original rod isn't badly scored or burnt, it can be resized (in a connecting rod honing machine) to fit or match the odd-size undersize journal. Bearing inserts cannot be used in this procedure. Contact Elson Nichols of Loop 70 Auto Parts & Automotive Machine Shop, 14 Bus. Loop 70 East, Columbia, Missouri 65203 USA. Phone: 1-573-449-0893. Email: vjnen@centurytel.net. He can bore these rods and install the MG bearing inserts, or regrind crank journals and resize rods for a reasonable price. Or, being the K241 and K482 engines share the same pistons and have the same stroke, and their connecting rods are the same length, a K241 connecting rod can be used in a K482 engine when bored and honed to 1.625" - 1.626" to match the STD size K532 or K582 crank journal, which are 1.624" (allow .001" - .002" for oil clearance). If the K482 journals are worn and reground undersize, the K241 rod can be bored and honed to fit the undersize journals. The oil dipper on these rods will need to be cut off as well. Boring these single cylinder engine rods will not weaken them whatsoever because they hold up very well when bored and used with bearing inserts in the respective single cylinder engines. The K482 STD size connecting rod is OEM Kohler part number A-277130-S. The K482 .010" undersize connecting rod is OEM Kohler part number A-277130-S-10. The K532 and K582 STD size connecting rod in an engine with [K301 or K321 K-series] cast pistons (wide wrist pin hole) is OEM Kohler part number 48 067 12-S. The K532 and K582 .010" undersize connecting rod in an engine with [K301 or K321 K-series] cast pistons (wide wrist pin hole) is OEM Kohler part number 48 067 13-S. The K532 and 582 STD size connecting rod in an engine with [M12, M14 or M16 Magnum] Mahle pistons (narrow wrist pin hole) is 48 067 16-S. The K532 and 582 .010" undersize connecting rod in an engine with [M12, M14 or M16 Magnum] Mahle pistons (narrow wrist pin hole) is 48 067 17-S. The K660/K662 connecting rod is OEM Kohler part numbers: A-271741-S (aluminum rod); A-270890 (steel rod). Bearing inserts for these rods are no longer available from Kohler.

Crankshaft Main Bearings (Sleeve Flange Bushings) for Kohler engine models MV16, KT17, KT17 series 2, KT19, KT19 series 2, M18 MV18, M20 and MV20. NOTE: Crankshaft main journal must be reground to .010" or .020" undersize to match the .010" or .020" undersize bearings. Also, on these engines, one main journal can be reground undersize if it's worn beyond specs, and the other can remain STD size if it's within specs. Not available in aftermarket. L STD size. (1.7407") OEM Kohler part # 52 030 10-S. $60.35 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" undersize. (1.7307") OEM Kohler part # 52 030 11-S. $120.34 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" undersize. (1.7207") OEM Kohler part # 52 030 12-S. $120.34 each, plus shipping & handling.

Crankshaft Main Bearings (Sleeve Bushings) for Kohler twin cylinder engine models K482, K532 and K582. NOTE: Crankshaft main journal must be reground to .010" or .020" undersize to match the .010" or .020" undersize bearings. Also, on these engines, one main journal can be reground undersize if it's worn beyond specs, and the other can remain STD size if it's within specs. Not available in aftermarket. L STD size. OEM Kohler part # 48 030 06-S. $61.85 each, plus shipping & handling. .010" undersize. OEM Kohler part # 48 030 07-S. $140.20 each, plus shipping & handling. .020" undersize. OEM Kohler part # 48 030 05-S. $106.80 each, plus shipping & handling.

Camshaft Bushing (Bearing) for Kohler twin cylinder engine models K482, K532 and K582. Fits flywheel end. OEM Kohler part # 48 158 03-S. $20.25 each, plus shipping & handling. Bearing for the PTO end (part # 277039-S) is no longer available from Kohler and not available in aftermarket. L

Install Bearing Inserts in Connecting Rods for Kohler engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16, K361 M20 and MV20. Rods for the before mentioned engines can be bored and notched to accept bearing inserts. Even severely burnt, scored, or rods with a mismatched cap can be bored for installation of bearing inserts. Only USA-made Clevite CB278P/CB279P or Sealed Power 9885CP/9885CPA bearing inserts will be installed. All A-1 Miller machined connecting rods include notches to prevent bearing rotation in rod. No cheap Chinese-made bearing inserts ever installed. Please indicate diameter of crank journal for size of bearing inserts. (STD size, .010", .020" or .030" undersizes.) Also, rods can be center-bored for top of piston to come flush with deck, or bored .020"± offset for a .020"± piston pop-out at no extra charge. Clevite 77 or Federal Mogul Bearing Inserts. Available in STD size, .010", .020" and .030" undersize. $17.00 each, plus shipping & handling. Bore your rod only (customer supplies and installs own bearing inserts): $25.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Bore your rod and install our bearing inserts: $42.00 ($17.00 for bearing inserts + $25.00 labor to bore rod), plus return shipping & handling. Purchase one of our rods, bore rod and install our bearing inserts: Price of rod $? + $17.00 for bearing inserts + $25.00 labor to bore rod = $? total (see list of available rods and prices above), plus return shipping & handling. NOTE: If a crank journal is worn beyond specs or badly scored/burnt,it will need to be reground to the next undersize to match the appropriate size bearing inserts. And if you want me to bore a rod for you, please let me know if you want the bearing insert centered in the bore of the rod (5.300" rod length; piston flush with top of block), offset .020" (5.320" rod length; safe to use with a milled OEM stock head and stock head gasket) or offset .060" (5.360" rod length; use with a non-milled OEM head and stock head gasket) to pop the piston out of the cylinder (see below Ê) to raise the compression and help improve air flow within the combustion chamber for more power and torque. The bearing inserts I install in Kohler 10-16hp flatheads and 18hp OHV K361 connecting rods can be used for general yard work, stock or high RPM competition pulling engines. The rod will need to be bored exactly 1.625" for proper bearing to journal oil clearance. NOTE: Being virtually all Kohler K241/M10 (10hp) pistons come within .020"± from the top of the block, which lowers the compression ratio. (The factory made them this way for reasons unknown.) I prefer to bore the K241 10hp rods .020" offset so the piston will come flush with the top of the block. This will allow the engine to produce a little more power. It won't effect the longevity of the engine or cause any problems whatsoever. But sometimes with the .020" offset, the piston will pop out of the cylinder a few thousandths of an inch, which will still hurt nothing. And the bore can be offset .040" for a .020"± piston pop-out. FYI - Before I machine a rod for installation of bearing inserts, I use a metal "plug" alignment tool that I fabricated to precisely align the big hole of the connecting rod with the centerline of the spindle in my milling machine. Then while the plug is in the rod, I firmly clamp the rod to the milling machine table and after leaving the big hole centered or moving the table so many thousandths of an inch offset for piston pop-out, I lock the table so it won't move in any direction while boring the rod. But for reasons unknown, sometimes the cutting tool will bore the hole in the rod slightly off-center toward one of the bolts or studs. When this happens, I simply grind a small notch on the outside of each bearing shell so they'll clear the rod bolt. I've talked to other machinists who bore Kohler rods also about this and they tell me sometimes the same thing happens to their rods. But as long as the outside of the bearing shells are notched for clearance of the bolt or stud, the off-center of the bearing inserts poses no problems whatsoever. And bearing inserts for the 10-16hp Kohler engines can be installed in Kohler models K482, K532 and K582 STD size connecting rods, but the crank journals would need to be reground exactly to 1.500" to match the inside diameter of the bearing inserts when installed in the rods. And for your information, STD size crank journals for the K482, K532 and K582 engines measures 1.6245". Narrow wrist pin width on 12hp or 14hp (old style) connecting rod for use with 16hp K-series cast piston or "new style" Mahle (Magnum) forged pistons. $20.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling.

To identify this particular type of rod, they look a lot like Kohler's K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp) and 16hp OEM rods, but they're of a very bright aluminum color. The word "ALCOA" and the numbers "45 564 01" (which isn't the correct part number) are embossed on the beam section. If you're planning to use one of these rods in a 12, 14 or 16hp engine, just remember that the crankshaft doesn't need to be rebalanced for use with it because it weighs the same as the other OEM rods. But do have it fitted with bearing inserts. But if you'd like to have them balanced anyway, it might help the engine run somewhat smoother. Return È

Most "part numbers" on Kohler connecting rods are meaningless. It seems that they're just random numbers that Kohler put on their rods. Why they did this, I have no idea.

The second best OEM Kohler connecting rod to will hold up to 6,000+ RPM in the 12, 14 and 16hp engines are the ones made for Kohler's 12, 14 and 16hp flathead Magnum engines. This particular forged rod has a thick beam section, which makes it just as strong as a billet rod, and with bearing inserts installed and when the rotating assembly is dynamically and precision spin-balanced, it's suitable for high RPM and wide open throttle engine operation.

Most .010" undersize rods have a small hole drilled through the beam section. If a standard size rod is used with an undersized crank journal, the engine will make a loud knocking sound at operating speeds and eventually rod failure will result. So be sure the rod is matched to the crank journal with proper oil clearance. And it's highly doubtful that a two-color rod (light gray at the wrist pin and dark gray at the crank pin) will hold up in a engine running at wide open throttle without a governor. But they seem to hold up very well with no problems in ordinary governed engines running at 4,000 RPM. By the way - any connecting rod that's going to be operated above 4,000 RPM should be fitted with bearing inserts. Also, if an OEM or Kohler-type rod is used, rebalancing of the crankshaft to the rod/piston isn't necessary. Aftermarket or high performance (heavier than stock) rods MUST be balanced to the crankshaft's counterweights. If an engine isn't balanced for use with an aftermarket rod, the engine will vibrate severely and eventually self-destruct. Click here for engine balancing.

Torque the 10hp through 18hp connecting rod having the 3/8-24 bolts to 285 in. lb. or 24 ft. lb., and torque the studs w/nuts to 260 in. lb. or 22 ft. lb. For the cast iron block 7hp and 8hp engines, torque the rod bolts to 200 in. lb. or 17 ft. lb. DO NOT OVER TORQUE! And with the match marks aligned on the connecting rod and the cap, the rod goes in the cylinder with the oil hole in the cap facing toward the camshaft.

Repairing Stripped Threads in an Aluminum Connecting Rod -

If 3/8" threads in an aluminum rod become stripped due to over-tightening of the bolt or stud/nut, it can be repaired with a hardened 10-1.25mm fine thread metric bolt the same length as the OEM bolt. To make this happen, use a Letter S, 11/32" or 8.9mm drill bit to bore out the stripped threads, then use a 10-1.25mm tap to cut new threads. Also, drill the bolt hole in the cap to 10mm. Use a flanged-head bolt or a split lock washer, to keep the bolt from loosening when torqued to specs. But if 5/16" threads become stripped in a rod, being there's no 9mm bolts available, a 5/16" grade 8, fine thread bolt about 1/2" longer than the original bolt could be used. To make this happen, drill out the stripped threads in the rod the same diameter of the bolt, then ground away about half of the bolt head so it will clear the beam section when it's inserted in the rod. A little grinding on the rod may be required so the bolt won't cause the rod/cap to bind on the crank journal when the nut is torqued to specs. Be sure to use a hardened serrated flange hex nut, too. And the additional weight of a slightly larger or longer bolt or bolts will not cause the engine to vibrate that much more, if at all.

If a Kohler (or aftermarket) connecting rod have bolts (not studs w/flared nuts) with a flat washer under the head bolts, replace them with grade 8 steel (dark or brass color) split lock washers of the appropriate size (either 5/16" or 3/8", depending on bolt size). After installing the rod in the engine, torque the bolts with the split lock washer to specs. The split lock washers will guarantee that the bolts will not loosen over time. This is especially important in an engine that runs at wide open throttle. But the flared OEM connecting rod nuts (w/studs) will not loosen when properly torqued to specs.

There's "match marks" on both the rod and rod cap. They MUST be aligned so the big end of the rod forms a perfect circle around the crank journal when installed. Otherwise, if the cap is installed in reverse, the "perfect circle" will be egg-shaped or oblong, which will bind on the crank journal. And DO NOT over-tighten the rod bolts, or the rod and cap will become distorted. If this happens, the rod will need to be honed back to the proper dimensions in a connecting rod honing machine. And the oil hole in the cap faces toward the camshaft.

Be aware - as with any engine running above 4,000 RPM, there is no guarantee that an OEM "one color" rod will not break. A "one color" rod only lessens the chances of it breaking. Actually, it's best to use a custom-made billet connecting rod and have the piston assembly and connecting rod precision balanced to the crankshaft's counterweights. Click here to learn about precision engine balancing.

When a Connecting Rod Breaks or When an Engine "Throws a Rod" -

When the connecting rod breaks in an engine (due to either lack of crankcase oil or too high RPM), if you're lucky, no damage will be done to anything inside the crankcase except for a burnt crank journal and of course, a broken connecting rod. But if you're not lucky, the things to look for will be...

• After removing the oil pan, look at the bottom of the cylinder wall to see if there's a big chunk missing. If there is, the cylinder can be sleeved, or if installation of a sleeve is cost-prohibited, another [matching] engine block will need to be acquired. A small chunk doesn't matter as long as the skirt on the piston will be stable in the cylinder at Bottom Dead Center (BDC).
• Check the camshaft to see if it's broke in two. If the cam is bent, being it's made of cast iron, it's cracked and it'll break in two when tapped with a hammer. Also, check if there's a crack on the outside of the block where the cam pin goes into on the flywheel side. If there is a crack (due to the bent or broken cam), it can be welded up and the hole will need to be bored-aligned to match the centerline of the hole in the PTO side. This is to prevent slight bending of the pin, which would cause binding upon the installation of another cam.
• Look at the starter side of the block for a crack in the crankcase. If there's a crack, it can be welded up. But if there's a hole in the side of the block, and if you'll lucky enough to find the missing broke-out pieces, they may be welded back in the block. The same goes if the engine has a flat bottom oil pan.
• Remove the flywheel and see if the keyway is cracked. If it is cracked, it will need to be replaced. Do not attempt to weld the crack or repair the flywheel in any way! It must not be reused because it will run out-of-balance. There will be danger of it splitting in two or exploding at high RPM, which could cause serious injury or death.

Installing bearing inserts in a rod for a Kohler engine would cost much less than purchasing a new or even used rod and/or crankshaft, even when used for non-pulling applications. Bearing inserts can be installed in new or used rods. They can also be installed in rods that's scored, has a heavily burnt surface (the burnt material will need to be bored out anyway to make room for the bearing), or even if the rod has a mismatched cap! If installing a mismatched cap, be sure to align the match marks, and it'll be best to resurface the sides of the big end on a wide flat sanding belt or large diameter disc sander slightly (with the cap torqued to the rod, of course) to ensure proper fit and side clearance on the crank journal.

By the way - We've reground MANY Kohler crankshafts to .020" and .030" undersize and installed bearing inserts in connecting rods and I have never had any problems with the crankshaft breaking, even when used in competition pulling when the engine turns at 6,000+ RPM. So it's a safe thing to do. Besides, I wouldn't have mentioned it here if it didn't work.

WHEN REBUILDING AN ENGINE, NEVER, EVER INSTALL A CONNECTING ROD DRY! Always lubricate the cylinder wall, piston rings, piston pin, bearing surface and crank journal thoroughly with clean motor oil (or automotive grease) before installing! Failure to do so could (or more likely, will) result in prematurely worn rings, piston, rod journal damage or seizure, crank journal damage, a noisy and/or smoky engine and possible engine block damage!

Ever wondered why there's longer-than-stock length custom-made connecting rods?

The reason many high performance engine builders prefer to use a longer, custom-made, billet [heavy duty] connecting rod is because there's less pressure from the piston skirt placed against the cylinder wall during high RPM. at high RPM or at wide open throttle, a long rod moves or "swings" side to side with less force, while a stock length rod moves more rapidly. Longer rods operate at less of an angle than shorter stock rods do. Therefore, piston skirt "drag" or scraping and force against the cylinder wall is greatly reduced and an engine will produce more RPM with less friction resulting in more power. In order for an engine to accommodate a longer rod, a special made light-weight piston with its wrist pin located closer toward the top (wrist pin location is known as "compression height") must be used. Many engine builders prefer to pop the piston out of the cylinder a few thousands of an inch to help increase compression. To do this, either offset bearing inserts are installed in a stock rod, or a longer rod/custom piston combination is used.

Because billet connecting rods are wider than OEM ones, each lower side of the cylinder wall must be ground away with a small disc grinder so the rod will clear it. The minimum clearance between the rod and cylinder wall is .050".

The billet connecting rod bolts should be torqued to 18 to 20 ft. lb. Overtorquing them could result in distortion of the big end of the rod.

NOTE - When used in a high RPM application, aluminum connecting rods develop "rod stretch" over time, which could lead to rod failure. Even if it's a custom-made one. So to be safe, measure a used rod against a new or a known good one, or replace it after several years of use. And the connecting rod in ordinary lawn and garden engines will outlast the rod in high performance engines because there's less strain on them at 3,600 RPM.

And if you've ever wondered about this: the bolts and studs in Kohler connecting rods can be reused over and over. They're very durable. Besides, nobody makes replacement bolts or studs for Kohler rods.

When installing the connecting rod and piston assembly in your engine, it's very important that the hole in the rod cap face the camshaft for proper lubrication of the rod journal. If it's installed facing away from the cam, the rod could burn. Also, both the connecting rod and cap are machined to form a perfect circle around the crank journal. So make sure that you install the connecting rod in the right way because both the rod and cap must be matched for proper fit around the crank journal.

A knocking, rattling, loud tapping, scraping or "weird" sound coming from an engine can occur in several different places. Here are the most likely causes:

1. Worn connecting rod and/or crankshaft rod journal. To check for a loose rod and/or worn journal, with the piston halfway in the cylinder, very gently rotate the flywheel (or crankshaft) back and forth by hand. If the rod/journal is worn, you'll feel it. You can feel when the piston comes up on the compression stroke by the resistance of the flywheel when rotating it. This is when it compresses air. And there'll be no resistance when the piston reaches TDC. So before or after it reaches TDC, this is when you can check for looseness of the rod on the crank journal.
2. Loose fitting piston in the cylinder. To check for a worn or loose piston, with the cylinder head removed and the piston positioned at TDC on the compression stroke (when both valves are fully closed), forcibly move the piston from side to side by hand. If the piston has a lot of play, you'll hear a knock-knock sound.
3. Too much crankshaft end-play clearance. To check for this, grasp the PTO end of the crankshaft or flywheel with your hand and forcibly move the crankshaft back and forth. If there's too much end-play, you'll see it and hear it.
4. Worn balance gear bearings. To check for worn balance gear bearings, first remove the oil pan, and then move the balance gears side to side by hand. They may not make any noise when moving them by hand, but if they're excessively loose, they will make noise with the engine running. These can be removed without removing the crankshaft or rod/piston. With them removed, the engine will not vibrate any more than before. A heavy duty, angled-shaped, expandable snap ring pliers is required to remove the snap rings that holds the balance gears in place. Be sure to remove the thrust washers and spacers (if present), too. Leave the stub shafts intact. They will not interfere with anything.
5. A loose PTO pulley or electric clutch on the crankshaft. To check these, with the engine not running, grasp the pulley or clutch by hand and forcibly move it/them back and forth. If there's too much play, you'll hear it.
6. A loose flywheel or worn Cub Cadet clutch disc will also cause a knocking or rattling sound.
7. A loud tapping sound is mostly caused by a valve with excessive stem-to-lifter clearance. Sometimes on the 10-16hp flatheads and 18hp OHV engine, one of the adjusters in the lifter will back-off, causing a loud tapping sound. When this happens, the adjuster end can be replaced with one from a known lifter with a tight adjuster, or the entire lifter will need to be replaced.
8. A scraping sound is caused by the flywheel, flywheel screen or starter ring gear making contact with the flywheel housing.

By the way - main radial ball bearings in a Kohler engine wear extremely little, if any at all, and don't require replacing. Although I have seen some that are obviously worn and needed to be replaced. And worn main radial ball bearings won't make a knocking sound. They'll make a rumbling or growling sound because the crankshaft and flywheel will be spinning out-of-balance and the engine will have a more than-usual-vibration.

Gaskets Versus Silicone Sealant - Which Works Better?

If the parts isn't warped (where metal is separated between the bolt holes), no sealant is needed on the gaskets. But if they are warped, it'll be best to apply Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant. To remove warpage and restore flatness, resurface it on a wide flat sanding belt or large diameter disc sander, or a large, flat file. By the way - I've always preferred to use Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant for three reasons: Due to metal warpage (which is unavoidable in most cases), gaskets don't always seal the irregularities and imperfections between mating surfaces, especially thin metal covers; being it's an adhesive, it bonds parts together, forming a leak-proof seal; and being it's clear, it makes for a clean and professional-looking repair job. It can't be easily seen or noticed between the parts.

Is Your "Fairly New" Aluminum Block Engine Leaking and Burning Oil?

If it's a vertical shaft engine, check for oil leakage around the sump cover gasket. Due to normal engine heat, sometimes the engine block will warp just under the cylinder on a single cylinder engine or the #2 cylinder on a twin cylinder engine. Part of the cylinder that makes contact with the sump cover will pull away from sump, creating an opening for the sump cover gasket to leak oil. This will create an air gap which allow outside air to be sucked inside the crankcase upon every upward movement of the piston(s). Then as the piston(s) travels downward, oil inside the crankcase blocks the opening. This constant buildup of excess air being drawn inside the crankcase will compress inside the crankcase and force the crankcase oil past the piston ring end gaps and cause the engine to smoke and burn oil.

To fix this...

1. Remove the engine (this is much easier to do on a platform work table) and place it upside-down on a work bench.
2. Remove the oil sump cover.
3. Thoroughly clean the gasket material and all parts.
4. Install a new oil seal in the sump cover. (The old one will probably leak from the sump being removed.)
5. Apply a thin bead of Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant on the engine block. By the way - I've always preferred to use Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant for three reasons: Due to metal warpage (which is unavoidable in most cases), gaskets don't always seal the irregularities and imperfections between mating surfaces, especially thin metal covers; being it's an adhesive, it bonds parts together, forming a leak-proof seal; and being it's clear, it makes for a clean and professional-looking repair job. It can't be easily seen or noticed between the parts.
6. Install a new sump cover gasket on the engine block.
7. Lubricate the crankshaft main journal and camshaft stub journal with motor oil to prevent damage due to a "dry startup."
8. Apply the silicone sealant on the sump cover also.
9. Reinstall the sump cover and torque the bolts to specs.

The engine shouldn't leak or burn oil now. But if it continues to use oil, perhaps it needs new piston rings.

How to Remove and Install an Oil Seal - (Added 11/28/16) Top of page

To replace a crankshaft oil seal in an engine that is completely disassembled and crankshaft removed, just simply use a flat blade screw and medium size hammer to drive the seal out from inside the engine block, oil sump or side cover. But with the engine completely assembled, sometimes a leaking oil seal can be difficult to remove, and a new seal can be more difficult to install. There are two proven ways to remove an oil seal in an engine. One is with an oil seal puller tool, which works like a pry bar. This type puller needs to be hammered into the inner part of the seal, then the seal can be removed by simply prying it out. But use caution not to scratch the crankshaft or damage seal's counterbore with this tool!

Another method to remove an oil seal is to use an automotive slide hammer dent puller tool with a sheet metal or drywall screw fastened or welded on the end of the puller shaft. A hole, smaller in diameter than the screw on the puller, will need to be drilled through the flat part of the oil seal. Then carefully thread the screw into the hole and use the slide hammer to gently pull the seal out of its counterbore.

Or instead of using the slide hammer dent puller tool as described above, thread a short sheet metal or drywall screw into the drilled hole in the seal, and use a mini nail puller pry bar to remove the seal from its counterbore.

Before installing the new oil seal, thoroughly clean the oil, dirt and debris from the counterbore, and as an option, apply medium strength liquid threadlocker (Blue Loctite or Permatex) on the edge of the seal and in the counterbore so the seal will be secured in place. Use tubing the same size as the seal and medium size hammer to carefully drive the seal in the counterbore. IMPORTANT: Apply automotive grease in the lip of the seal before installing to keep the seal lubricated and cool until internal oil can reach it. With no prior lubrication, the dry rubber will get hot from friction and burn away, causing an oil leak.

What Type of Motor Oil Should Be Used in Stock and Pulling Engines? Top of page

Motor Oil Recommendation:

• SAE 30 works great for 40° F (5° C) and warmer temperatures. If used below 40° F, could cause slow cranking and hard starting.
• 10W30 or 10W40 for 0° to 100° F (-18° to 38° C) is better for varying temperature conditions. This grade of oil improves cold weather starting, but may increase oil consumption at 80° F (27° C) or higher.
• Full synthetic 5W30 for -20° to 120° F (-30° to 40° C). It provides the best protection at all temperatures as well as improved starting with less oil consumption.
• 5W30 for 40° F (5° C) and below is recommended for winter use, and works best in cold weather conditions.
• 20W50 is good for 32° F (5° C) and warmer temperatures. If used below 32° F, could cause slow cranking and hard starting.

Motor oil technology have changed a lot since Kohler (and many other small engine manufacturers) published their oil recommendations 40+ years ago. In an older or freshly rebuilt air-cooled, lawn and garden engine with splash lubrication or if it has an unfiltered oiling system with no oil pump and/or no oil filter is used, it's best to use SAE 30 weight non-detergent motor oil. Non-detergent oil allow any impurities in the oil to settle to the bottom of the oil pan. Detergent oils suspends any impurities so the oil filter can better filter it. Detergent oils should be used only in engines with an oil filter. If an engine doesn't have an oil filter, it's best to use non-detergent oil for long engine life. If an engine is used during wintertime, and being there are no multi-weight or synthetic non-detergent oils available, the only option is the use 10W30 or 10W40 motor oils so the engine will crank over easy in cold weather to start fast. And be sure to change the oil when it's hot on a regular basis.

Multi-Weight VS Straight Weight Oils -

During the hot summer months, it's best to use SAE straight 30 weight oil to better lubricate and help cool the internal moving parts of the engine and to prevent velocity oil breakdown. Being the Kohler K-series and Magnum single cylinder engines doesn't have an oil pump, which keeps a constant supply of oil to all moving parts, splash lubrication works differently. And it's harder to cool an air-cooled engine on a hot day. Automotive engines are liquid-cooled and they run a lot cooler. Therefore, they can make better use of multi-weight oils. Heavier SAE 30 oil doesn't thin out like multi-weight oils and it better separates the parts from having metal to metal contact, which cause premature wear. Actually, it's better to use full synthetic 10W30 or 10W40 oil in an air-cooled engine year-round. Full synthetic oil don't get near as hot as conventional petroleum oil. It maintains its velocity even during the hot, smothering summer days.

If you think about it, most pulling tractors don't run long enough (compared to race cars) to totally heat the oil and break it down so it's thin. But if it makes you feel any better, it's safe to use SAE 50 oil instead. Due to the extreme pressure of the internal moving parts at high RPM or at wide open throttle, don't use multi-weight oils such as 10W30 or 10W40. They could cause excessive wear, resulting in damage to internal parts. I've used SAE 30 at times then SAE 50 in our two Super-Stock tractors and have had good results with both oils.

But if you don't mind spending a few extra bucks, the best type of oil to use in a pulling tractor engine is full synthetic 10W40 motor oil. Dyno tests proved that an engine can gain 1 to 2 percent increase in horsepower using full synthetic oil. There's also less chance of full synthetic oil leaking because it doesn't "thin out" as easily as conventional petroleum oils, especially under extreme heat conditions. Because extreme heat has little or no effect on chemical-based products such as full synthetic oil, it doesn't break down due to extreme heat like petroleum-based oils sometimes do. Once you understand the properties of full synthetic oil vs conventional petroleum oil, you will never use conventional petroleum oil again. And either type of oil may need to be changed periodically if burning methanol fuel. By the way - I've always preferred to use Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant for three reasons: Due to metal warpage (which is unavoidable in most cases), gaskets don't always seal the irregularities and imperfections between mating surfaces, especially thin metal covers; being it's an adhesive, it bonds parts together, forming a leak-proof seal; and being it's clear, it makes for a clean and professional-looking repair job. It can't be easily seen or noticed between the parts.

If an engine has a cooling system (air blowing over the cylinder's cooling fins by use of the flywheel fins or an electric fan), then it'll be okay to use a high grade conventional petroleum oil. But if there's no cooling system whatsoever, it'll be better to use a full synthetic 10W40 motor oil.

Synthetic oil is mainly used in high-revving and high performance engines that operate at high RPM for long periods of time because full synthetic oil won't get hot like conventional petroleum oil does, which protects the internal moving parts better. But mineral oil, which is more commonly known as conventional petroleum oil, is used in ordinary engines that will never operate at extremely high RPM for long periods of time.

Using a quality full synthetic oil will allow an engine to run cooler, operate smoother and last longer. The engine will rev up easier because there's less friction of moving and rotating internal parts. Conventional petroleum oils get hot (too hot to handle with bare hands) and their additives break down after a while, and if not changed regularly, sludge will form. Full synthetic oils never get hot. They stay cool to the touch the entire time the engine is running and their additives don't break down. Therefore, no sludge. It's really amazing how well full synthetic oils work. There's also a synthetic blend type of motor oil that's 30% synthetic and 60% petroleum. They don't offer the same protection that full synthetic oil do.

Full synthetic oils provide maximum protection, cooler operating temperatures, and longer engine life. No conventional petroleum oils can match the performance of full synthetic oils. Unlike conventional petroleum oils, full synthetic oils don't get hot. It stays the same temperature regardless of engine operating temperature. An older experienced race car mechanic once told me on different length tracks, they have to swap out the ring and pinion gears to be competitive against other race cars. After running on the track in a race, when they changed the gears and when they used petroleum gear oil, they had to wear gloves to handle the hot gears. Then they switched to full synthetic gear oil, and after running on the track in a race, and when they changed out the gears, they didn't need to wear gloves because the gears and oil was as cool as the day they installed it. And synthetic oil blends helps provide engine protection, cooler operating temperatures, and longer engine life. Not as much as full synthetic, but it does help. Personally, I prefer Mobil 1 full synthetic motor oils because I've always had good results with them, heard good things about them from other mechanics. But then again, motor oil is a funny thing and some people will argue about which brand of oil works best. About all you can do is use your better judgment of which brand and type of oil to use and hope for the best, that your engine will last a long time. (By the way - wonder why there are so many different brands and types of motor oils available, yet there's only a handful of different brands of gear oils, automatic transmission fluids and power steering fluids available, and not to mention all the different oil additives!? )

FYI - Did you know that full synthetic oils will not burn when poured on an open fire pit? Some brands will smoke and some won't, but none of them will burn like conventional petroleum oils do.

Basic rule of thumb concerning the viscosity (thickness or thinness) of motor oil is this: Rub some between your finger tips. If it feels too thin, chances are it won't provide the needed protection for your engine.

Also, I think using oil additives to prolong the life of an engine don't do a thing. If oil refineries thought that an additive would help an engine last longer, they would put it in their oil. Additives is just something to get people's money, nothing more. What works best in an unfiltered engine (no oil pump/filter), is glue a small rare earth/neodymium magnet to the bottom of the oil pan to attract steel or cast iron metal shavings for longer engine life. But make sure the oil dipper on the connecting rod doesn't make contact with the magnet!

Do Not Use an Excessive Amount of "Oil Thickener" in an Engine! (A customer's experience that I like to share.)

I had a K321 (14hp) Kohler engine in my shop in 2013 that burned a lot of oil. The owner told me the engine was recently rebuilt by somebody else, but always smoked badly, so he filled the crankcase with a high viscosity motor oil treatment or additive, such as Motor Honey. He said after several hours of running, the engine started knocking and rattling badly, but the smoking lessened. The owner said he drained the oil before bringing the engine to me. He said it drained out like molasses! Anyway, he had me rebuild the engine and I found the connecting rod had wore the crank journal, and the piston was also worn. I told him the oil dipper on the connecting rod must've cut a groove through the thick oil and couldn't splash it around sufficiently in the crankcase like [thinner] conventional (petroleum-based) motor oil does to keep the parts well-lubricated. (Upon inspection of the piston rings' orientation, I found that the previous engine builder installed the 2nd (middle) ring on the piston upside-down!)

I remember another time, a customer brought his lawn tractor with an 18hp twin B&S engine to me for a tune-up and repairs. I pulled the dipstick to check the crankcase oil level and condition of the oil. It was thick and black. So I asked him if he wanted the oil changed, too. He said, "What, you mean you're supposed to change the oil in these things?" And I said, "yeah, they're just like car engines. They need the oil changed regularly with fresh oil." Anyway, when I had the tractor on my repair table, I removed the oil drain plug, and nothing came out. I ran a long screwdriver in the drain hole, and it had thick, sludgy oil on it. So I removed the engine from the tractor and removed oil sump from the engine, and had to use a putty knife to literally scrape the "sludgy tar" from the oil sump! I've never seen oil this thick before, and I don't know how the engine kept internally lubricated when it ran! I tell ya, some people know absolutely NOTHING about engines!

About the Kohler Twin Cylinder Engine Models K482, K532 and K582 Early (Prior to Serial Number 9224060) Governor Assembly Oil Lubrication System -

One of the 1/8" NPT pressurized oil ports on the PTO end of the engine block can be used to lubricate the governor assembly. But the oil pressure going to the governor will need to be reduced so it won't take away a lot of pressure from lubricating the engine bearings. Kohler makes an oil line restrictor (Kohler Part # 62 294 06-S) that does just this. The governor assembly doesn't require a lot of oil either. And if there's no way for the oil to drain back into the crankcase from the governor assembly, an oil return line may need to be installed from the governor assembly to the crankcase. And if the engine doesn't already have one, it'll be a good idea to install an oil pressure gauge.

Break-In (Wear-In) Oils and Procedure for Ordinary Rebuilt (Lawn and Garden) Engines - For proper break-in (wear-in) of a new or fresh rebuilt engine, use a high quality conventional (petroleum-based) SAE 30 weight motor oil containing a high zinc content anti-wear additive, such as ZDDP (Zinc dithiophosphate), so the internal moving parts, especially flat tappet lifters and camshaft lobes, will get hot, create a wear pattern and produce a hardened surface. Run an engine with aluminum cylinder wall(s) normally (up to 3,600 RPM) for 2 hours, or for an engine with cast iron cylinder wall(s), run it normally (up to 3,600 RPM) for 5 hours. Don't be afraid to run a fresh-built or freshly rebuilt engine at full governored speed. Just run the engine as usually off and on for 2 or 5 hours to perform yard and/or garden work as usual. Do not allow the engine to idle at a slow speed (below 1,200 RPM) for a long period of time to break it in! It needs to run at full governored speed (3,200 or 3,600 RPMs) so the oil dipper on the connecting rod can splash the crankcase oil up and thoroughly lubricate/coat critical moving parts. Then drain the oil while it's hot, and either continue to use conventional (petroleum-based) SAE 30 oil, or switch to a quality 10W40 synthetic blend or full synthetic oil for warm weather use. Or use conventional (petroleum-based) 10W40 oil, or 10W40 synthetic blend or full synthetic 10W30 oil during cold winter use. Use no oil additives. Change the oil every 25 hours of engine run time or once a year. Full synthetic oil don't get as hot as conventional (petroleum-based) oil does. It's more slippery and remains cooler than conventional (petroleum-based) oil even after the engine has been in operation for several hours to better protect internal parts for longer engine life. Adhering a strong rare earth/neodymium magnet to the bottom of the oil pan inside an engine to attract metallic wear fragments will also help an engine last longer. Break-In (Wear-In) Oils and Procedure for Fresh-Built Pulling Engines - For proper break-in (wear-in) of a rebuilt or fresh built pulling engine, use a high quality conventional (petroleum-based) SAE 30 weight motor oil containing a high zinc content anti-wear additive, such as ZDDP (Zinc dithiophosphate), which places a protective coating between all internal moving parts, will get hot, create a wear pattern and produce a hardened surface, especially flat tappet lifters and camshaft lobes. Don't be afraid to run a fresh-built or freshly rebuilt pulling engine at speeds it is designed for. Just run the engine normally for 4-5 pulls. Do not allow the engine to idle at a slow speed (below 1,200 RPM) for a long period of time to break it in! It needs to run at full governored speed (3,200 or 3,600 RPMs) so the oil dipper on the connecting rod can splash the crankcase oil up and thoroughly lubricate/coat critical moving parts. Then drain the oil while it's hot, and either continue to use ordinary SAE 30 oil, or switch to a quality 20W50 synthetic blend or full synthetic oil. Use no oil additives. Change the oil every 25 pulls or once a year. Synthetic-blend oils get about half as hot as conventional oils. But full synthetic oils don't get near as hot as conventional oils do. It's more slippery and remains cooler even after the engine have been in operation for several hours to better protect internal parts for longer engine life. Adhering a strong rare earth/neodymium magnet to the bottom of the oil pan inside an engine to attract metallic wear fragments will also help an engine last longer. If the tractor is geared correctly, the pulling engines I build should not run out of power at the end of the pull. It should spin the tires. But there's some things that needs to be checked after a few pulls as the engine breaks-in and parts wear into each other. For gas fuels, the ignition timing needs to be set at 22° BTDC. And make sure the high speed fuel mixture screw is set so the engine runs smooth at high RPM. Also, if a high-output/performance ignition coil is used, it require two ordinary (Kohler) condensers or one high-capacity/performance condenser. This is so the coil will produce full voltage. And with a high-output/performance coil, the spark plug gap can be set at .060". With an ordinary coil, it should be set at .035". The valve to lifter clearances may need to be reset at .010" for the intake and .014" for the exhaust. Furthermore, when a new or rebuilt engine needs to "break-in," what the term "break-in" actually means is the moving internal parts that make contact with each other needs to "wear-in" with each other so they'll produce a wear pattern and last longer. Any new or rebuilt engine, rather if it's for general yard and garden use or for competition pulling, needs to fully break-in (wear-in) for it to produce full power. Rings don't "seat," they break-in, or wear-in with the cylinder wall, and they wear-in quickly. But the valves are the parts that needs to "seat." Being the valve faces and seats have different angles (30°/31° or 45°/46°, respectively), the valve faces needs to wear into the seats to seal in the compression 100%. Wear-in will produce a 30½° or 45½° angle on both the matching valve face and seat. The harder material the valves are made of, the longer it takes for them to "seat" or wear-into the seats. Some pullers tell me that the engines I built for them run better every time they pull them. I remember a few years ago when I performed a valve job on my truck engine. It ran good and produced plenty of power, but I noticed after about 1,000 or so miles, it produced a little more power. I realized that this is because the valve faces wore into the seats, forming a perfect seal. So again, a fresh-built pulling engine will not produce full power the first few times it's ran. Go here for more information: Valvoline.com > FAQs > Motor Oil Car FAQs > Racing Oil. Return To Previous Paragraph, Web Site or Section È

What makes crankcase oil to have a black appearance is caused by blow-by of the combustion process due to either worn piston rings, carburetor flooding or the engine running rich on fuel (gas). And if a carburetor floods or if the ignition timing is too retarded, the excess or unburned gas will seep past the piston ring end gaps and into the oil, contaminating and diluting it. When oil becomes diluted, excessive internal wear will result. The gas will also break down the additives in the oil, causing sludge. This is why it's so important to have a "fine tuned engine" and change the oil regularly.

Oil Refill Quantities for Kohler Engines

Advertisement: (posted 3/3/13)

If you need any items below, please contact A-1 Miller's Performance Enterprises | 1501 W. Old Plank Rd. | Columbia, MO 65203-9136 USA | Phone: 1-573-256-0313 (shop) | 1-573-881-7229 (cell). Please call Monday-Friday (except Holidays), 9am to 5pm, Central time zone. If no answer, please try again later. (When speaking with Brian, please be patient because I stutter.) A-1 Miller's shop is open to the public, including weekends. Please call before coming so I'll be here waiting for your arrival. Fax: 1-573-449-7347. E-mail: pullingtractor@aol.com. Directions to our shop | 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO - Google Maps or Map of 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO by MapQuest. Click here for more parts and services. | Please click here to place an order.

Oil Drain Plug Kit. Includes 3/8" NPT tapered threads x 9/16" hex head plug, and fiber sealing gasket. Suitable for engines with splash oil lubrication (no oil pump/filter). OEM Kohler part # X-708-1-S. $23.25 each kit, plus shipping and handling. 5/8" i.d. Oil Drain Sealing Gasket for above È plug. Made of tough fiber material. Discontinued by Kohler. Replaces Kohler part # 241063. $2.00 each, plus shipping and handling. Ordinary Oil Drain Plugs. Each have tapered threads which require no sealing gasket or sealant and threads will not strip out. To avoid cracking oil pan, do not over-tighten! Universal application. Ordinary drain plugs are suitable for engines with an oil pump and filter. 3/8" NPT tapered threads x 3/8" square head - High quality aftermarket. $2.00 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # X-708-1-S. $29.75 each, plus shipping and handling. 1/2" NPT tapered threads x 1/2" square head - Can be use for stripped 3/8" NPT oil drain hole threads in aluminum oil pans. Hole must be enlarged with a 1/2" NPT tapered tap. High quality aftermarket. $1.00 each, plus shipping and handling. OEM Kohler part # 25 139 61-S. $1.75 each, plus shipping and handling. Magnetic Oil Drain Plugs. 3/8" NPT tapered threads x 3/8" square head. require no sealing gasket or sealant and threads will not strip out when tightened. To avoid cracking oil pan, do not over-tighten! If in doubt, to insure proper sealing and to prevent a possible oil leak, use plumber's tape on the threads. Universal application. Magnet attracts and removes ferrous metallic (wear) fragments from the motor oil to reduce engine wear. The engine will last much longer due to cleaner oil. Magnetic drain plugs are suitable for engines with splash oil lubrication (no oil pump/filter). Powerful Rare Earth/Neodymium Magnet for Engines and Gearboxes. Attracts and removes ferrous metallic (wear) fragments from the lubricating oil inside an engine that does not have an oil pump with an oil filter, or inside a transmission, transaxle or gearbox to lessen wear to gears and bearings. Install magnet to inside bottom of oil pan away from the oil dipper and moving parts, or to inside bottom of a gear case or gear housing away from any rotating gears and moving parts. Engine or gears/bearings will last longer due to cleaner oil. Use Krazy Glue, Super Glue, Gorilla Glue, or any industrial strength adhesive to secure magnet in place. This rare earth/neodymium magnet is EXTREMELY strong! Use caution when handling! Can be difficult to remove from a steel or cast iron surface, is very brittle and can break easily if mishandled. An innovative and ingenious concept by Brian Miller because nobody else advertise this trick. Round Magnet. Dimensions: 25mm diameter x 2mm thick. $1.00 each, plus shipping & handling.

Oil Filters. Fits Kohler engine models CH11-CH15, CH18, CH20, CH25, CH620, CH640, CH730, CV12.5-CV26, CV460, CV680, CV730-CV750, MV16, KT17 series 2, KT19 series 2, M18, MV18, M20, MV20, K482, K532 and K582, K662, LV625 and LV675. Kohler part #'s 277233-S, 12 050 01-S, 52 050 02-S1; Briggs and Stratton part # 491056 (Vanguard). Has anti-drainback valve to minimize dry engine starts. High quality aftermarket. 95% efficiency rating. Specifications: 3" o.d. x 3.25" height. $6.00 each, plus shipping and handling. Kohler brand. Specifications: 3" o.d. x 3-7/16" height (general use.); 8-11 psi pressure relief; 29 microns. OEM Kohler part # 52 050 02-S1. $10.45 each, plus shipping and handling.

If a small gas engine refuses to crank over, but is known to have the connecting rod intact and the piston moves freely in the cylinder, then either the starter motor is worn out or burned up, the battery voltage may be low, or if heavier-than-stock valve springs are used, the lever on the compression release mechanism could be broken. Or the ends of the tiny (hair-like) actuating spring on the compression release arms isn't connected. The compression release mechanism is an integrated part of the camshaft. It can't be replaced by itself. I wouldn't think it could be repaired either. So to replace the camshaft in any typical small engine on a garden tractor or lawn tractor...

1. First drain the oil from the engine.
2. Remove the hood/grille from the tractor (they're easy to remove; this is much easier to do on a platform work table), remove the muffler, PTO pulley, electric clutch, wiring and fuel line from the engine.
3. Remove the engine from the equipment (this is much easier to do on a platform work table) and place it on a sturdy work bench or table.
4. Rotate the crankshaft so the piston is positioned exactly at TDC (Top Dead Center) on the compression stroke. This is when both valves are fully closed. Remove the valve cover to observe the valve movement when the crankshaft is being rotated. Run a long screwdriver or thin rod through the spark plug hole to feel when the piston is at TDC.
5. Now position the engine upside-down and remove the bolts that secure the oil sump to the crankcase.
6. Remove the oil sump, and then the camshaft can be removed from the engine.
7. When installing a new (or good used) cam, be sure to align the match marks on both the cam gear teeth and crankshaft gear teeth! The crankshaft may need to be rotated for the marks to align.
8. Reassembly is opposite of disassembly.
9. Install a new sump cover gasket and the sump cover on the crankcase, and torque the bolts to specs.
10. With the piston at TDC on the compression stroke, adjust the valves to specs and install a new valve cover gasket.
11. Apply Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant on the gasket mating areas to lessen the chance of an oil leak. By the way - I've always preferred to use Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant for three reasons: Due to metal warpage (which is unavoidable in most cases), gaskets don't always seal the irregularities and imperfections between mating surfaces, especially thin metal covers; being it's an adhesive, it bonds parts together, forming a leak-proof seal; and being it's clear, it makes for a clean and professional-looking repair job. It can't be easily seen or noticed between the parts.
12. Install SAE 30 weight motor in the crankcase once the engine is reinstalled on the equipment.

If "piecing together" a 10-16hp cast iron block single cylinder Kohler engine from various parts off of other engines, remember, the oil dipstick and/or tube may not be the right one for a particular engine. According to the engine specification, Kohler made 23 different lengths and types of oil dipsticks. I've found several dipsticks and/or dipstick tubes that's not calibrated to various Kohler engines. Some are too short and some are too long. This includes the ones that mount on the side of the block, next to the gear starter, or on top of the crankcase, next to the cylinder, but not the one that mounts over the cam gear (cam gear cover dipstick).

If the dipstick is too long or the tube is too short, the engine won't have enough oil in the crankcase, which could eventually lead to disaster. And if the dipstick is too short or the tube is too long, the engine will have too much oil, which could blow out the crankcase breather atmospheric vent hole for engines that run at high RPM or at wide open throttle. Also, make sure that the "end cap" or "stop cap" is properly positioned on the dipstick. If it slipped out of position from normal wear, this will give an incorrect oil level reading, which the oil level will actually be too low. If it did slip, the cap will need to be realigned (calibrated) and tack-welded back in place.

To fix a loose fitting oil dipstick tube, remove the tube, and use something tapered or a flared socket to spread the end of the tube slightly. Then before reinstalling the tube, apply high strength liquid threadlocker (Red Loctite or Permatex) to permanently secure it in place in the aluminum holder.

Checking the Accuracy of the Oil Dipstick -

The engine is at full capacity of oil at 3/8" above the oil pan gasket for the 7hp and 8hp Kohler engines, and 1/2" above the oil pan gasket for the 10hp-16hp Kohler engines. If in doubt about the accuracy of the dipstick, hold the dipstick on the outside of the block with the cap (on the dipstick) even with the top of the dipstick tube or the threads on the dipstick even with the top of the crankcase (where the crankcase meets the cylinder) and then see if the FULL mark on the dipstick is at 3/8" or 1/2" respectively, above the oil pan gasket. If it's not, then an adjustment to the dipstick needs to be made. This method removes all guesswork. And always fill an engine with oil to the FULL mark on the dipstick.

But for a competition pulling engine, ask yourself these two questions: How many times does one have to add oil to a pulling engine? And as long there's no major oil leaks, why have a dipstick? Just know how much oil your engine holds, and have a way on the engine block to install the oil after every oil change.

In rare cases, the oil dipstick isn't accurate or calibrated right. I've had engines in my shop where the factory spot weld on the top of the dipstick broke loose, and the dipstick went all the way to the bottom of the engine. When the owner filled his engine with oil and checked the level, he thought it was full of oil, but really had far less then required. (This caused the rod to burn on the crankshaft.) And also, sometimes a dipstick will get lost (kids playing with the lawn mower) or get broken, and a wrong replacement is used, but it's not calibrated right like the original dipstick. Return È

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If you need any of the parts or services listed below Ê, please contact A-1 Miller's Performance Enterprises | 1501 W. Old Plank Rd. | Columbia, MO 65203-9136 USA | Phone: 1-573-256-0313 (shop) | 1-573-881-7229 (cell). Please call Monday-Friday (except Holidays), 9am to 5pm, Central time zone. If no answer, please try again later. (When speaking with Brian, please be patient because I stutter.) A-1 Miller's shop is open to the public from 9am to 5pm, including weekends (except Holidays). Please call before coming so I'll be here waiting for your arrival. Fax: 1-573-449-7347. E-mail: pullingtractor@aol.com. Directions to our shop | 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO - Google Maps or Map of 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO by MapQuest. Please click here to place an order.

Oil Dipstick Tube Fill Hole Expansion Cup Plug for starter side of block. Fits Kohler engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361. Alternate part to the right. 1-1/16" diameter. Install with RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant. OEM Kohler part # 25 139 47-S. $1.75 each, plus shipping & handling. Not available in aftermarket. L

Oil Dipstick Tube Fill Hole Block-Off Plate for starter side of block. Fits Kohler engine models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14, K341/M16 and K361. Alternate part to the left. Made of 1/8" thick steel. Gasket and screws not included. Install with RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant. Discontinued from Kohler. Kohler part # 237262. A-1 Miller part. $5.00 each, plus shipping & handling.

How to Prepare an Engine for Wintertime or Long-Term Storage -

1. First of all, prepare a cool, dry place of storage with low humidity to lesson the chance of corrosion and rust.
2. Drain the entire fuel system from the equipment being stored. This includes the carburetor float bowl, fuel pump, fuel line, fuel filter and fuel tank. Leave the hose(s) disconnected so the entire fuel system will totally dry out.
3. If the engine is equipped with an electric or mechanical fuel pump, apply about a teaspoon-full of clean automatic transmission fluid in the pump so the pump diaphragm will remain flexible or rotor vanes will won't stick and to prevent the poppet valves from sticking or becoming corroded.
4. Remove the spark plug, squirt about a teaspoon-full of clean automatic transmission fluid (ATF) into the combustion chamber.
5. Reinstall the spark plug and crank the engine several revolutions to evenly distribute the oil on the cylinder wall, valves, seats and valve stems (guides). (Automatic transmission fluid contains a rust inhibitors so the engine parts won't corrode or rust.)
6. Run the piston up at TDC on the compression stroke. Doing this will prevent the valves from sticking open, and the valve springs won't be under extreme pressure.
7. And that's all that's to it!

Removing the Variator from an Engine -

The variator (drive half of a torque converter pulley system) is threaded onto the crankshaft PTO end by right hand threads. I had an engine that needed rebuilding with this in my shop a few years ago and I had one heck of a time getting the variator off. What I did, after removing everything as much as I could from the engine block including the oil pan, and after reinstalling the bearing plate to stabilize the crankshaft so it wouldn't break, I placed the block in my 12 ton hydraulic press, and placed a wooden block under the counterweights of the crankshaft to keep the crank from rotating when I try to loosen the variator. I placed light pressure of the press on the block just to hold it in place. After applying Liquid Wrench, then eventually used my acetylene torch on the crankshaft/variator threads, I used a large open end wrench with a "cheater bar" (long pipe over the handle of the wrench) to apply extra downward leverage to remove (unthread) the variator. I remember I had to grind the wrench narrow so it would fit the hex nut on the variator between the block and variator. I had to purchase an [older] wrench off of eBay because I couldn't find one reasonably locally or elsewhere online. Anyway, when the variator came loose, it made a loud "bang" sound, the block and press shook, and I thought the crankshaft had broke, but it didn't. The variator was loose.

Advertisement. Machine Shop Services. (Prices below Ê are with the engine out of the tractor and on my work table.) Top of page

If you need any of the parts or services listed below Ê, please contact A-1 Miller's Performance Enterprises | 1501 W. Old Plank Rd. | Columbia, MO 65203-9136 USA | Phone: 1-573-256-0313 (shop) | 1-573-881-7229 (cell). Please call Monday-Friday (except Holidays), 9am to 5pm, Central time zone. If no answer, please try again later. (When speaking with Brian, please be patient because I stutter.) A-1 Miller's shop is open to the public from 9am to 5pm, including weekends (except Holidays). Please call before coming so I'll be here waiting for your arrival. Fax: 1-573-449-7347. E-mail: pullingtractor@aol.com. Directions to our shop | 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO - Google Maps or Map of 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO by MapQuest. Please click here to place an order.

Engine Block - Clean and degrease block. $7.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Deglaze cylinder wall (create cross-hatch) and clean block. $20.00 labor per cylinder, plus return shipping & handling. Hone cylinder bore to next oversize to fit OEM-type piston (OEM engine block). $65.00 labor per cylinder, plus return shipping & handling. Bore out and hone cylinder bore in new Kohler-replicated aftermarket block to fit aftermarket piston. $120.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Clearance bottom cylinder wall for stroker crankshaft. $75.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Bore cam pin holes to 11/16" (.6875") for installation of needle bearings (OEM or Kohler-replicated aftermarket block). $50.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Remove welch plug and cut threads for auxiliary crankcase breather (OEM and Kohler-replicated aftermarket block. $20.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Drill 7/8" center hole and two outer 1/4" bolt holes in 10-16hp Kohler blocks for installation of mechanical fuel pump. $50.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Removing a Broken-Off Tap - A threading tap that has broken off in an engine block or metal casting can be very difficult to remove. About all I can tell you is to either take your block to a reputable machine shop to have the tap removed, or go here and try to do it yourself: https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=removing+broken+tap+from+hole. Actually, it's best to use a TAPER hand tap to cut new threads and clean out existing threads. If used correctly, a TAPER tap is less likely to break off. Click here to learn how to cut new threads, the professional way. Exhaust Port Repair/Modification Services. (K141, K161, K181/M8, K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14 or K341/M16 Kohler engines.) Drill and tap two 5/16-18 UNC holes in exhaust mounting flange to install custom bolt-on exhaust system or header pipe flange. NOTE: Crankshaft and bearing plate will need to be removed from engine block so I can fasten block directly to table or in a V-shaped fixture to the table of my milling machine. An innovative concept by Brian Miller, because nobody else advertise this type of service for a Kohler engine block. $40.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Remove or drill out broken exhaust bolt(s) and recut 5/16-18 UNC threads for installation of new bolts or studs. NOTE: If broken bolt(s) needs to be drilled out, crankshaft and bearing plate will need to be removed from engine block so I can fasten block directly to table or in a V-shaped fixture to the table of my milling machine. An innovative concept by Brian Miller, because nobody else advertise this type of service for a Kohler engine block. $10.00 - $40.00 labor (depending on difficulty of work involved), plus return shipping & handling. Resurface exhaust mounting flange to ensure 100% sealing of header flange and to prevent flange from loosening from block (due to rusted rough surface). NOTE: Crankshaft and bearing plate will need to be removed from engine block. Then with block fastened directly to table or in a V-shaped fixture fastened to the table of my milling machine, I make several passes with a grinding stone to resurface end of exhaust port. An innovative concept by Brian Miller, because nobody else advertise this type of service for a Kohler engine block. $20.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Convert 10-16hp Kohler wide base block to narrow base, for use in a Cub Cadet, Ford, John Deere, Wheel Horse, etc., garden tractor requiring a narrow base engine block. See pictures below Ê. An innovative concept by Brian Miller, because nobody else advertise this type of service for a Kohler engine block. Cut off flanges even with sides of block. $40.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Cut off flanges even with sides of block and cut new threads in oil pan mounting holes. $60.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Cut off flanges even with sides of block, weld-in steel stock to fill-in oil fill/level check openings (notches), and cut new threads in oil pan mounting holes. $100.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Valve Train Related - Grind used valve to OEM angle. $3.00 each. Grind [45°] intake valve at 30° angle. $5.00 each. (Seat must be recut or reground to 31° angle to match valve face.) Grind seat to OEM angle or 31° angle. $3.00 each. Perform valve job to OEM specs (grind two valve faces and seats), install valves in OEM [Kohler] block and set clearances. $25.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Perform a performance valve job on two stock valves and seats in OEM [Kohler] block for improved airflow. $40.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Price includes grinding the exhaust valve and seat at 45°/46° angles, intake valve and seat at 30°/31° angles respectively and undercutting both valve heads. Install oversize valves (OEM [Kohler] block). $150.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Price does not include any parts. Install oversize valves (Kohler-replicated aftermarket block with small uncut valve pockets). $150.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Price does not include any parts. Port/polish intake and exhaust runners (OEM and Kohler-replicated aftermarket block with large ports). $75.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Port/polish intake and exhaust runners (Kohler-replicated aftermarket block with small ports). $200.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Install 1-3/8" exhaust valve in 10, 12 and older 14hp OEM Kohler block. $50.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Install oversize valves, and port/polish intake and exhaust runners (OEM Kohler block). $175.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Install oversize valves, and port/polish intake and exhaust runners (Kohler-replicated aftermarket block). $300.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Install thin-wall bronze sleeves in worn OEM valve guides in Kohler and other makes of engines. $12.00 each. Bronze valve guide sleeves are an alternative to replacing the entire guide in Kohler engines. Bronze also last longer than Kohler's cast iron guides because bronze retains more oil for better lubrication of the valve stem. Install OEM-type [centered] cast iron valve guide or offset valve guide in OEM Kohler block and ream for clearance of valve stem. $15.00 each labor only, plus return shipping & handling. Price does not include guide. Install bronze offset valve guide in OEM Kohler block and ream for clearance of valve stem. $15.00 each labor only, plus return shipping & handling. Price does not include guide. Oversize valve MUST be used with an offset guide. Cylinder Head Work - Resurface air-cooled small engine cylinder head on my wide flat belt sander to remove warpage and restore flatness. $10.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Mill cylinder head approximately .050". Remove raised gasket mating surface from head to increase compression ratio for the 10-16hp flathead, K-series or Magnum single cylinder engines only. $25.00 labor each, plus return shipping & handling. Click photo to the right for a larger view. NOTE: Seal the head gasket with VersaChem - Mega Copper Silicone, Permatex® Ultra Copper® Maximum Temperature RTV Silicone Gasket Maker or Copper SPRAY-A-GASKET Hi Temp Adhesive Sealant on each side of the head gasket or cylinder head and engine block to prevent a blown or leaking head gasket. Because engine heat has very little effect on silicone rubber. Stripped Spark Threads Repair Service - Stripped 14mm spark plug threads repaired with either a Heli-Coil spring-type thread insert, a solid type thread insert, or a mild steel 1/2" NPT tapered Allen pipe plug if the hole is too big for the other inserts. No need to purchase another cylinder head! (I improvise with whatever it takes.) This repair service also includes resurfacing of head gasket surface on an air-cooled small engine cylinder head to remove warpage. $20.00 - $30.00 each (depending on size of hole and type of head) for parts and labor, plus return shipping & handling. Mill out exhaust valve cavity in LP and 2nd generation cylinder head to clear the larger 1-3/8" exhaust valve. $25.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. Crankshaft Repairs- Regrind small engine crankshaft journal (crank pin). $50.00 per journal, plus return shipping & handling. Note: Kohler crankshafts can be reground to .030" undersize and still be safe to use with matching undersized bearing inserts installed in the connecting rod. And all crankshafts, rather if they're automotive or small engine, are checked for straightness before grinding. If they're bent or twisted, sometimes they can be straightened. I also do offset crankshaft grinding to increase the length of the stroke at no extra charge. For most makes and models of engines when an undersize connecting rod or bearing inserts isn't available, if the crankshaft is worn beyond .010" and needs to be reground again, the journal can be reground to wherever it "cleans up" or is true again, and then the connecting rod can be resized so it'll fit the smaller undersize journal. To resize the rod so it'll fit to a few thousands of an inch smaller diameter crank journal, first, metal is removed from the mating end of the rod cap, then the cap is fasten to the rod. The big hole in the rod is now oblong or "egg shaped." Then the big hole in the rod is honed until it's .002" larger than the diameter of the crank journal. Honing reshapes the hole into a perfect circle again, only smaller in diameter. This works very well and it lasts as long as an ordinary STD size rod and crank journal. This can only be performed on a rod with a good bearing surface. It cannot be done on a burnt or heavily scored connecting rod because too much metal would need to be removed. The cost for having this done is $100.00 labor for a single cylinder engine, and $200.00 for a two cylinder engine, plus return shipping & handling. If you're interested, we will need your crankshaft and connecting rod(s). An innovative concept by Brian Miller, because nobody else advertise this service. Once installed and in operation, there is no warranty or guarantee of any kind on crankshaft regrinds. Repair broken off stud in crankshaft on flywheel end. $30.00 labor, plus return shipping & handling. I drill and cut threads for a hardened 3/8" or 5/8" diameter bolt in the end of the crankshaft to secure the flywheel. Drill hole and cut 7/16-20 UNF threads in the PTO end of the crankshaft for a retaining bolt and flat washer. $20.00. Dynamic Precision Spin-Balancing Service - Balance (cast or steel) flywheel for Kohler 10-16hp cast iron block engine. $60.00 each labor, plus return shipping and handling. Balance cast iron (Kohler) crankshaft and matching connecting rod and piston assembly. $200.00 per rotating assembly, plus return shipping & handling. NOTE: I will need to take your parts to the only reputable and trusted automotive machine shop in central Missouri (Jefferson City) that does professional engine balancing. Or you can contact Precision Machine, Inc. (PMI) to have your rotating assembly precision spin-balanced. They are located at 1703 Christy Drive, Jefferson City, MO 65101. Phone: 573-635-7214. Return To Previous Paragraph or Section Bare Kohler K-series Engine Blocks (when available) - Top of page NOTE: The old Kohler cast iron engine blocks are hard to find nowadays. I've been to some small engine shops around Missouri where they would throw these old blocks out back in a scrap metal pile. They're good blocks, too! The shop just didn't want to rebuild them because they're factory-trained to repair newer aluminum block engines, or replace the old engine with a new one. Some of the cast iron Kohler blocks listed below Ê may have light rust from sitting out in the weather before I found them. I wire-wheel the rust off the best I can. I just want to let you know this so you won't think I sell junk. K141 (6.25hp) and K160 (6.6hp) bare blocks with 2-7/8" bore. $40.00 each, plus shipping and handling. K161 (7hp) and K181/M8 (8hp) bare blocks with 2-15/16" bore. $40.00 each, plus shipping and handling. K241/M10 (10hp) bare block. $65.00 each, plus shipping and handling. K241 bare block with 10hp bore and K301 embossed on the PTO end (extra thick cylinder wall). $200.00 each, plus shipping and handling. K301/M12 (12hp) bare block. $125.00 each, plus shipping and handling. K321/M14 (14hp) bare block. $175.00 each, plus shipping and handling. K341/M16 (16hp / 12 fin) bare block. $250.00 each, plus shipping and handling. K341 (16hp / 13 fin) bare block. $400.00 each, plus shipping and handling. Packaged shipping weight for each block: 45 lbs. Unlike the small block Chevy V8's, the Kohler K-series and Magnum engine block models K241/M10, K301/M12, K321/M14 and K341/M16 are not all the same. There are many variations in bolt patterns and PTO flange configurations between these blocks. Before replacing an engine block and if possible, the best thing to do is have the original engine rebuilt, then all the original accessories will attach to the original block with no modifications. But if the block is not rebuildable and damaged beyond repair, another block of the same type (specification number) will need to be acquired. If interested in purchasing a bare block, please email me several detailed, sharp pictures of your original engine block taken at all sides so I match it to one I may have in stock. The Major Differences Between the K241/M10 (10hp), K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp) and K341/M16 (16hp) Kohler Engine and Blocks - The K241/M10 blocks have a STD cylinder bore of 3.250" and the stroke is 2.875". All of these blocks have an exhaust valve diameter of 1.125" and the intake is 1.375". Some rare K241 blocks have "K301" embossed on the PTO end. These have a thicker cylinder wall than ordinary K241 blocks. The K301/M12 blocks have a STD cylinder bore of 3.375" and the stroke is 3.250". There are no other major differences between these two blocks. These blocks have the same size valves, and most external parts will interchange. Due to the smaller cubic inch displacement, which lessens the amount of air that enters the engine, theses engines use a Carter or Kohler #26, or Walbro #52 (1.07" throttle bore) carburetor. The K321/M14 blocks have a STD cylinder bore of 3.500' and the stroke is 3.250". There are no other major differences between the K241/M10, K301/M12 or K321/M14 engines. The early K321 blocks have an exhaust valve diameter of 1.125", and the valves in the later K321 blocks are the same diameter, which is 1.375". Some internal, but most external parts on the K241/M10, K301/M12 and K321/M14 engines will interchange, with the exception of the early style K241 cylinder head and size of the carburetor. Due to the larger cubic inch displacement, which increases the amount of air that enters the engine, the K321/M14 engines use either a larger Carter or Kohler #28 or #30, or Walbro #60 (1.17" or 1.2" throttle bore) carburetor. The K341/M16 blocks have a STD cylinder bore of 3.750" and the stroke is 3.250". There are no other major differences between the K241/M10, K301/M12 or K321/M14 and K341/M16 engines, except the valves are the same diameter, 1.375" and the K341/M16 blocks have 10 cylinder head bolts. Due to the larger cubic inch displacement, which increases the amount of air that enters the engine, the K341/M16 engines also use a #30 (1.2" throttle bore) carburetor. And most external parts, except the cylinder head and air shields, will interchange with the K241/M10, K301/M12 or K321/M14 and K341/M16 engines. Some blocks have wide base flanges (for the wide, deep oil pan) and some have a narrow base with no flanges (Cub Cadet, John Deere, Wheel Horse or Ford). Most Magnum blocks are wide base, and very few are narrow base. The very early K241 10hp blocks have no indentation for installing an upper mount gear starter (mounting bolts are below the starter motor). Also, some of these older blocks with flanges have no holes drilled for converting to a narrow base oil pan. (But holes can be drilled and tapped.) Some blocks have either a drilled or threaded oil dipstick tube hole next to the cylinder, above the crankcase, while others have no hole present. Some blocks have provisions for a starter-side oil dipstick tube, and some don't. Some blocks came with counterbalance gears and some didn't. Some have expansion plugs where balance gear stub shafts can be installed, and although certain blocks have the bosses, some have no holes drilled for the stub shafts. The later model Kohler blocks with Breakerless Ignition and all Kohler Magnum blocks have no provisions for ignition points. Some blocks have two threaded holes for installing an exhaust pipe flange, and some don't. Some blocks have provisions to install a mechanical fuel pump, and some don't. Some blocks have different bolt patterns on the PTO end, and Gravely blocks have a raised circular flange. (See below.) Some K241 blocks with K301 embossed on the PTO end have a thicker cylinder wall, and some K241 blocks without the K301 embossing have an ordinary thickness cylinder wall. The 12 fin K341 blocks have an ordinary thickness cylinder wall, and the 13 fin K341 blocks have a thicker cylinder wall. Other than all of the before mentioned È, everything else on the Kohler K-series engine blocks are pretty much the same.

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Miller's Engine Freshening, Rebuilding, and Build-up Service -

If you need your engine rebuilt or built up for general yard and garden work or competition pulling so it'll produce more power and torque, please contact A-1 Miller's Performance Enterprises | 1501 W. Old Plank Rd. | Columbia, MO 65203-9136 USA | Phone: 1-573-256-0313 (shop) | 1-573-881-7229 (cell). Please call Monday-Friday (except Holidays), 9am to 5pm, Central time zone. If no answer, please try again later. (When speaking with Brian, please be patient because I stutter.) A-1 Miller's shop is open to the public, including weekends. Please call before coming so I'll be here waiting for your arrival. Fax: 1-573-449-7347. E-mail: pullingtractor@aol.com. Directions to our shop | 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO - Google Maps or Map of 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO by MapQuest. Click here for more parts and services. | Please click here to place an order.

Engine Rebuilding Service - I build quality engines from scratch and rebuild customer's engines from factory stock, to 4,000± RPM governored, to wide open throttle Hot-Stock and Stock-Altered pulling engines. I can also build a quality, competitive engine for you, or rebuild your engine however you want. Just tell me know how you're going to use your tractor or equipment and I'll build your engine to suit your needs. And despite if it's required in your club's rules or not, ALWAYS install a safety shield made of adequate thickness and material for each side of the engine fastened to the tractor frame securely in case of connecting rod failure (Murphy's Law), so an innocent bystander or spectator won't be injured or killed from high-speed projected metal shrapnel. Also, I set the air/fuel adjusters on all carburetors just so the engine will start and run, but because of the altitude level, barometric pressure and air temperature where the engine will be used, the customer will need to make the final adjustments so the engine will run smooth. No carburetor with an adjustable high speed main fuel adjuster comes preset, not even new ones. Regarding an Engine Build Estimate - First of all, a pulling engine will need to be built in accordance with your local pulling association or club's engine rules so it will be legal within its class. Then you can go from there. Please email me a copy of your club's rules so I can determine which parts will be needed so your engine will be competitive within its class. And remember - not all clubs use the same engine rules. Just something to keep in mind when pulling with various clubs in your area. I am very meticulous in how I rebuild and build engines. If you wish to have me build, rebuild or build-up your engine, I will need a detailed list of exactly what you want done to your engine or a copy of your club's pulling rules regarding the engine requirements before I can give you an estimate on the cost. And if you (the customer), change your mind of how you want the engine built or rebuilt in the middle of a build, I will need to know ahead of time and I will need the changes in writing so I can make the necessary changes to the engine. Otherwise, this will effect how well the engine performs on the track, and it would make me, as a professional engine builder, look bad. It's not a good thing to be afraid that something bad may happen to an engine. Having confidence in an engine makes ya feel good, but having confidence in your engine builder makes ya feel better. I'll build your engine to the limit in accordance with your club's rules, not less than what the rules allow. I also rebuild ordinary lawn and garden equipment engines too, such as cast iron and cast aluminum block single- and twin-cylinder flathead, OHV and v-twin Briggs and Stratton, Kohler, Tecumseh and 2-cycle LawnBoy. I've never encountered an engine that I couldn't successfully repair or rebuild and made it run! Whenever I rebuild or build-up an engine, and if you wish to do so, I do whatever it takes so it'll produce the factory-rated horsepower or the maximum horsepower and torque, and last a long time. I go beyond what the repair manual says to do. I can get all the parts needed, too. I can build your engine so it'll be legal for the class you plan to pull in. And with my engine rebuilds and build-ups, you may not always win, but you'll look good trying! By the way - the surface of the exhaust area of a fresh-built engine may burn off the oil residue for a short time once it gets hot, but it'll stop after a while. It's nothing to worry about. This happens with most rebuilt engines, especially an engine with fresh paint. If the tractor is geared correctly, the pulling engines I build should not run out of power at the end of the pull. It should spin the tires. But there's some things that needs to be checked after a few pulls and when the engine breaks-in. The ignition timing needs to be set at 22° BTDC. And make sure the high speed fuel mixture screw is set so the engine runs smooth at high RPM. Also, if a high-out/performance ignition coil is used, it require two ordinary (Kohler) condensers or one high-capacity/performance condenser. This is so the coil will produce full voltage. And with a high-output/performance coil, the spark plug gap can be set at .060". With an ordinary coil, it needs to be set at .035". The valve to lifter clearances may need to be reset at .010" for the intake and .014" for the exhaust. FYI - Being I'm the only person to read and respond to all my customer's emails (about 20 or so per day), take my customer's phone call orders (about 20-30 on a nice day with good weather), with customers stopping by my shop, repair and rebuild my customer's parts and engines in my shop, order parts from my suppliers, process orders, package parts then mail customer's parts at my local Post Office, etc., it may take me several months to rebuild an engine. It takes time to perform precision machine work and manual workmanship on a pulling engine and I wouldn't want to do a rush job. I also have to depend on other local machine shops to balance engine parts and perform various machine work that I can't do myself. All this takes time. So please keep this in mind if you decide to have me rebuild/build your engine. Also, I don't like to rush on my customer's repair jobs. I'm very particular about my work, especially my engine builds. I like to take my time to make sure that everything is right, the engine will run right, produce full power and last a long time. I appreciate for you understanding my situation. FYI - Used OEM parts in good condition for older Kohler engines are hard to find now, especially the small parts. If the parts don't wear, they tend to get thrown away and then "engine scrappers" sell the parts that do wear on places like eBay. They don't think about people like me, who make a living by "piecing together" or building engines from scratch for a customer. I can purchase new parts from Kohler if they're still available, but that would be cost-prohibitive. I try to keep my engine builds at reasonable prices. - Brian Miller Things that can be done to a 10-16hp Kohler engine to greatly improve overall engine performance are: Mill the head about .050" to raise the compression. Bore the connecting rod offset .020" and install bearing inserts to pop the piston out of the cylinder to raise the compression even more. Enlarge the intake and exhaust ports to increase the airflow. Bore out the venturi and rework the carburetor to increase the airflow even more. Install stiffer springs for more responsive valve action. Install a heavy steel flywheel to add extra torque. Index the spark plug so the open gap face the center of the piston. Install crank trigger ignition for a stronger and more stable spark. Also, all of my customer's pulling engine builds are strictly confidential. This means your pulling competitors will not know what goes into your engine!

Below Ê are details and prices to rebuild your engine -

Briggs & Stratton 3hp to 5hp flathead aluminum block engine (horizontal or vertical shaft) rebuild to OEM factory specifications @ 3,200 or 3,600 governed RPM (for general yard work only). IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Your engine: $75 - $100±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Ground, or you can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. Parts and labor includes: Install new STD size piston/rings assembly or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly (price will be higher for the boring and with a new oversize piston and rings), regrind valves and seats, regrind crank journal and resize connecting rod, install new matching undersize rod or fit connecting rod w/bearing inserts (if available for a particular engine), resurface cylinder head to remove warpage and restore flatness, rebuild carburetor, install tune-up kit, install new gaskets and oil seals. If engine has a broken connecting rod or rods, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be slightly higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable). Briggs & Stratton 7hp through 12.5hp single cylinder flathead aluminum block engine (horizontal or vertical shaft) rebuild to OEM factory specifications @ 3,600 governed RPM (for general yard work only). IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Your engine: $250±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Ground, or you can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. Parts and labor includes: Install new STD size piston/rings assembly or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly (price will be higher for the boring and with a new oversize piston and rings), regrind valves and seats, regrind crank journal and resize connecting rod, install new matching undersize rod or fit connecting rod w/bearing inserts (if available for a particular engine), resurface cylinder head to remove warpage and restore flatness, rebuild carburetor, install tune-up kit, install new gaskets and oil seals. If engine has a broken connecting rod or rods, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be slightly higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable). Briggs & Stratton 16, 18 and 20hp flathead/opposed twin cylinder aluminum block engine (horizontal or vertical shaft) rebuild to OEM factory specifications @ 3,600 governed RPM (for general yard work or mild competition pulling). IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Your engine: $700±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Ground, or you can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. NOTE: I've rebuilt these engines before and I found that there's not much that can be done to them to increase the factory-rated power output. About all that can be done is rebuild it with new stock pistons, rings, perform a professional valve job (the intake valves are already ground to the 30/31 degree angle), and maybe mill the heads slightly. These engines have a factory-installed 4,000 RPM torque cam installed, too. This is why they idle with a "lope, lope" sound. Parts and labor includes: Install new STD size piston/rings assembly or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly (price will be higher for the boring and with a new oversize piston and rings), regrind valves and seats, regrind crank journal and resize connecting rod, install new matching undersize rod or fit connecting rod w/bearing inserts (if available for a particular engine), resurface cylinder head to remove warpage and restore flatness, rebuild carburetor, install tune-up kit, install new gaskets and oil seals. If engine has a broken connecting rod or rods, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be slightly higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable). Briggs & Stratton Vanguard V-twin aluminum block engine (horizontal or vertical shaft) rebuild to OEM factory specifications @ 3,200 governed RPM (for general yard work or mild competition pulling). IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Your engine: $700±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Ground, or you can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. Parts and labor includes: Install new STD size piston/rings assembly or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly (price will be higher for the boring and with a new oversize piston and rings), regrind valves and seats, regrind crank journal and resize connecting rod, install new matching undersize rod or fit connecting rod w/bearing inserts (if available for a particular engine), resurface cylinder head to remove warpage and restore flatness, rebuild carburetor, install tune-up kit, install new gaskets and oil seals. If engine has a broken connecting rod or rods, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be slightly higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable).

Tecumseh cast iron block engine models VH80/HH80 (8hp), VH100/HH100 (10hp), HH120/OH120 (12hp), OH140 (14hp), OH150 (15hp), OH160 (16hp) and OH180 (18hp) horizontal and vertical shaft rebuild to OEM factory specifications @ 3,600 governed RPM (for general yard work only). (Price depends on size of engine and extent of wear.) IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Your engine: $500 - $800±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Ground, or you can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. Parts and labor includes: Install new STD size piston/rings assembly or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly, regrind valves and seats, regrind crank journal and resize connecting rod, install new matching undersize rod or fit connecting rod w/bearing inserts (if available for a particular engine), resurface cylinder head to remove warpage and restore flatness, rebuild carburetor, install tune-up kit, install new gaskets and oil seals. If engine has a broken connecting rod or rods, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be slightly higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable). Add A-1 Miller's custom crank trigger ignition setup for $95.00 - $152.00, depending on type of setup.

NOTE: If you wish to have me rebuild or build-up your engine, I will need a list of what you want done to your engine or a copy of your club's pulling rules regarding the engine requirements before I can give you an estimate on the cost. I'll build your engine to the limit in accordance with the rules so the engine will be competitive, not less than what the rules allow. Kohler K90 (3.6hp) and K91 (4hp) cast iron block flathead engine rebuild to OEM factory specifications @ 4,000± governed RPM (for general yard work). IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Your engine: $250 - $450±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Ground, or you can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. Parts and labor includes: Install new STD size piston/rings assembly or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly (price will be higher for the boring and with a new oversize piston and rings); regrind valves and seats; regrind crank journal and resize connecting rod; resurface cylinder head to remove warpage and restore flatness; rebuild carburetor; install tune-up kit; install new gaskets and oil seals. If engine has a broken connecting rod, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be slightly higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable). Kohler K141 (6¼hp), K160 (6.6hp), K161 (7hp) and K181/M8 (8hp) cast iron block flathead engine rebuild to OEM factory specifications @ 3,600 governed RPM (for general yard work or mild competition pulling). IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Your engine: K141 w/2-7/8" cylinder bore: $400±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Ground, or you can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. Parts and labor includes: Install new STD size piston/rings assembly or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly (price will be higher for the boring and with a new oversize piston and rings); regrind valves and seats; if needed, install valve rotators so any carbon deposits will be wiped away from valve faces and seats to prevent valve burning; regrind crank journal and resize connecting rod; resurface cylinder head to remove warpage and restore flatness; rebuild carburetor; install tune-up kit; install neoprene rubber oil seal in governor shaft bushing to prevent leaking oil; new gaskets and oil seals. If engine has a broken connecting rod or rods, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be slightly higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable). Add A-1 Miller's custom crank trigger ignition setup for $95.00 - $152.00, depending on type of setup. (For engines with battery-ignition only.) Your engine: K160, K161, K181 or M8 w/2-15/16" cylinder bore: $300±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Ground, or you can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. Parts and labor includes: Install new STD size piston/rings assembly or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly (price will be higher for the boring and with a new oversize piston and rings); regrind valves and seats; if needed, install valve rotators so any carbon deposits will be wiped away from valve faces and seats to prevent valve burning; regrind crank journal and resize connecting rod; resurface cylinder head to remove warpage and restore flatness; rebuild carburetor; install tune-up kit; install neoprene rubber oil seal in governor shaft bushing to prevent leaking oil; new gaskets and oil seals. If engine has a broken connecting rod or rods, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be slightly higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable). Add A-1 Miller's custom crank trigger ignition setup for $95.00 - $152.00, depending on type of setup. (For engines with battery-ignition only.) Kohler K-series engine models K241 (10hp), K301 (12hp), K321 (14hp) and K341 (16hp) cast iron block flathead engines rebuild to OEM factory specifications @ up to 3,600 governed RPM (for general yard work or mild competition pulling). IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Your engine: $500±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Ground, or you can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. Parts and labor includes: Install new STD size piston/rings assembly or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly (price will be higher for the boring and with a new oversize piston and rings); regrind valves and seats; if needed, install valve rotators so any carbon deposits will be wiped away from valve faces and seats to prevent valve burning; regrind crank journal and resize connecting rod or install new matching undersize rod or fit connecting rod w/bearing inserts; resurface cylinder head to remove warpage and restore flatness; rebuild carburetor; install tune-up kit; install neoprene rubber oil seal in governor shaft bushing to prevent leaking oil; new gaskets and oil seals. If engine has a broken connecting rod or rods, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be slightly higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable). Add A-1 Miller's custom crank trigger ignition setup for $95.00 - $152.00, depending on type of setup. (For engines with battery-ignition only.) Kohler Magnum engine models M8, M10, M12, M14 and M16 cast iron block flathead engines rebuild to OEM factory specifications @ up to 3,600 governed RPM (for general yard work or mild competition pulling). IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Your engine: $450±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Ground, or you can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. Parts and labor includes: Remove balance gears, precision dynamically spin-balance rotating assembly (to reduce severe engine vibration); install new STD size piston/rings assembly or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly (price will be higher for the boring and with a new oversize piston and rings); regrind valves and seats; if needed, install valve rotators so any carbon deposits will be wiped away from valve faces and seats to prevent valve burning; regrind crank journal and resize connecting rod or install new matching undersize rod or fit connecting rod w/bearing inserts; resurface cylinder head to remove warpage and restore flatness; rebuild carburetor; install tune-up kit; install neoprene rubber oil seal in governor shaft bushing to prevent leaking oil; new gaskets and oil seals. If engine has a broken connecting rod or rods, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be slightly higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable). Kohler K-series and Magnum models K241/M10 (10hp), K301/M12 (12hp), K321/M14 (14hp) and K341/M16 (16hp) cast iron block flathead engines Stock-Appearing engine build to the max @ up to 4,000± RPM (for heavy yard work or competition pulling). IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Your engine: $800 - $1,000±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Ground, or you can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. Parts and labor includes: Install new STD size piston/rings assembly or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly (price will be higher for the boring and with a new oversize piston and rings); regrind valves and seats; install medium performance valve springs; regrind crank journal and install bearing inserts in connecting rod; mill cylinder head; rebuild or bore-out and rework carburetor; install tune-up kit, install neoprene rubber oil seal in governor shaft bushing to prevent leaking oil; new gaskets and oil seals. If engine has a broken connecting rod or rods, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be slightly higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable). Add A-1 Miller's custom crank trigger ignition setup for $95.00 - $152.00, depending on type of setup. Kohler K-series K361 cast iron block single cylinder OHV engine. Rebuild to OEM factory specifications @ up to 3,600 governed RPM (for general yard work or mild competition pulling). IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Your engine: $800±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Ground, or you can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. Parts and labor includes: Install new STD size piston/rings assembly or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly (price will be higher for the boring and with a new oversize piston and rings); regrind valves and seats; regrind crank journal and resize connecting rod or install new matching undersize rod or fit connecting rod w/bearing inserts; resurface cylinder head (on wide flat sanding belt) to remove warpage and restore flatness; rebuild carburetor; install tune-up kit; install neoprene rubber oil seal in governor shaft bushing to prevent leaking oil; new gaskets and oil seals. If engine has a broken connecting rod or rods, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be slightly higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable). Add A-1 Miller's custom crank trigger ignition setup for $95.00 - $152.00, depending on type of setup. Kohler K-series and Magnum models MV16, KT17 series 2, KT19 series 2, M18, MV18, M20 and MV20 opposed cast iron twin cylinder flathead engines. Rebuild to OEM factory specifications @ up to 3,600 governed RPM (for general yard work or mild competition pulling). IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Your engine: $700±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Ground, or you can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. Parts and labor includes: Install new STD size piston rings, or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly (price will be higher for the boring and with a new oversize piston and rings); regrind valves and seats, install new valve guides (if needed), resurface cylinder heads (on wide flat sanding belt) to remove warpage and restore flatness; rebuild carburetor, install new gaskets and oil seals and install new tune-up kit. If engine was run out of oil and have a broken connecting rod or rods, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable). If one or both cylinders are scored and needs to be replaced with new pistons and rings, the price will be slightly higher. But cylinder scoring is rare. If either cylinder wall and/or piston(s) is/are scored and needs replacing, the price will be slightly higher. For these type of engines, I don't have the cylinders bored oversize and install new oversize pistons and rings because this would be too cost prohibitive being I have good used cylinders and pistons in stock. Add A-1 Miller's custom crank trigger ignition setup for $95.00 - $152.00, depending on type of setup, on KT-series engines only. Kohler models K482, K532 and K582 opposed cast iron twin cylinder flathead engines. Rebuild to OEM factory specifications @ up to 3,600 governed RPM (for general yard work or mild competition pulling). IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Your engine: $1,000±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Freight. You can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. Parts and labor includes: Install new STD size piston rings, or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly (price will be higher for the boring and with a new oversize piston and rings); regrind valves and seats, install new valve guides (if needed), resurface cylinder heads (on wide flat sanding belt) to remove warpage and restore flatness; rebuild carburetor, install new gaskets and oil seals and install new tune-up kit. If engine was run out of oil and have a broken connecting rod or rods, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable). If one or both cylinders are scored and needs to be replaced with new pistons and rings, the price will be slightly higher. But cylinder scoring is rare. If either cylinder wall and/or piston(s) is/are scored and needs reboring and pistons/rings need replacing, the price will be slightly higher. Kohler Command 25hp V-twin engine. Rebuild to OEM factory specifications @ up to 3,200 governed RPM (for general yard work or mild competition pulling). IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Your engine: $700±, includes labor and high quality parts, plus return shipping & handling with FedEx Ground, or you can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. Parts and labor includes: Install new STD size piston/rings assembly or bore cylinder and install new oversize piston/rings assembly (price will be higher for the boring and with a new oversize piston and rings), regrind valves and seats, regrind crank journal and resize connecting rod, install new matching undersize rod or fit connecting rod w/bearing inserts (if available for a particular engine), resurface cylinder heads to remove warpage and restore flatness, rebuild carburetor, install tune-up kit, install new gaskets and oil seals. If engine has a broken connecting rod or rods, and internal damage has resulted, the price will be slightly higher for additional parts and labor (if rebuildable).

Competition Pulling Engine Freshening Service Ê This service is for competition pulling engines that have been previously built, and needs the basic parts to revive the power. It is not a complete rebuild. A typical pulling engine will last an average of 25 pulls or 3 years of use. After that, the piston rings become worn, and the engine may lose power when under load and puff gray/blue smoke out the crankcase breather vent and/or the exhaust. When this happens, it's time for a freshening job. Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. Add A-1 Miller's crank trigger ignition setup. $95.00 - $152.00 extra, depending on type of setup. (For competition pulling only.) Top of page Freshen Stock "Built to the Max" 10-16hp 4,000± RPM Governored Kohler pulling engine. Includes install new high quality ring set or piston and rings; clean and reseat valves or perform 3-angle high flow performance valve job; install new bearing inserts; clean, rebuild or bore-out/rework carburetor; install our reground 4,000 RPM torque performance camshaft; new gaskets and oil seals. $200.00 minimum labor, plus return shipping & handling. Parts installed are extra charge. Freshen Hot-Stock or Stock-Altered 12-16hp Kohler engine. Includes install new high quality ring set or piston and rings; clean and reseat valves or perform 3-angle high flow performance valve job; new bearing inserts; clean, rebuild or bore-out/rework carburetor; if needed, install our welded up and reground Hot-Stock/Stock-Altered performance camshaft; new gaskets and oil seals. $300.00 minimum labor, plus return shipping & handling. Parts installed are extra charge. Freshen NQS 30 c.i. Kohler engine. Includes install new high quality ring set or piston and rings; clean and reseat valves or perform 3-angle high flow performance valve job; new bearing inserts; clean or rebuild carburetor; install new up-to-date performance camshaft; new gaskets and oil seals. $400.00 minimum labor, plus return shipping & handling. Parts installed are extra charge. Add $200.00 labor to machine valve cavities deeper in billet cylinder head if a new camshaft with more lift will be installed. Freshen Missouri Super Stock 16hp Kohler engine. Includes install new high quality ring set or piston and rings; clean and reseat valves or perform 3-angle high flow performance valve job; new bearing inserts; clean or rebuild carburetor; new up-to-date performance camshaft; new gaskets and oil seals. $400.00 minimum labor, plus return shipping & handling. Parts installed are extra charge. Add $200.00 labor to machine valve cavities deeper in billet cylinder head if a new camshaft with more lift will be installed. Freshen 50.5 c.i. 16hp Kohler engine. Includes install new high quality ring set or piston and rings; clean and reseat valves or perform 3-angle high flow performance valve job; new bearing inserts; clean or rebuild carburetor; new up-to-date performance camshaft; new gaskets and oil seals. $500.00 minimum labor, plus return shipping & handling. Parts installed are extra charge. Add $200.00 labor to machine valve cavities deeper in billet cylinder head if a new camshaft with more lift will be installed.

Competition Stock, Hot-Stock or Stock-Altered Class Pulling Engines Ê Top of page The below Ê are high output engines, built and designed for competition pulling only, not general yard work. No charging system included. 10hp (K241), 12hp (K301), 14hp (K321) or 16hp (K341) Kohler engines built by Brian Miller. The "Built to the Max" Stock class engines runs at 4,000± governored RPM; has a 9-1/2" cast flywheel with majority of fins removed then dynamically and precision spin-balanced; high torque upper mount gear starter (mounting bolts are below the starter motor); performance valve job with stock size valves; A-1 Miller's reground/torque cam; medium performance valve springs; #26 or #30 Kohler carburetor (depending on engine size) bored-out, reworked and set up for gas; enlarged ports and polished; 2nd or 3rd generation cylinder head milled .050"; connecting rod bored .020" offset for piston pop out with bearing inserts. Also included are: flywheel shroud (not chromed), cast iron or aluminum oil pan, bolt-on header pipe and conventional Kohler point ignition system installed with ignition timing preset. And being there is no oil filter on Kohler cast iron block engines, a very strong rare earth/neodymium magnet will be attached in the bottom of the oil pan to attract and remove ferrous metallic (wear) fragments from the motor oil to clean the oil so the engine will last much longer. An innovative and ingenious concept by Brian Miller because nobody else advertise this trick online for a pulling engine. And I don't paint my customer's purchased engines for two reasons: 1) They may not like the color itself or the shade of the color, and 2) Paint covers the work that was done to the engine. I want my customers to see what they are paying for. When you receive the engine, paint it, install it in the tractor, add motor oil to the proper level, install the fuel hose, add fuel, connect the ignition and starter wires, connect the throttle controls, and the engine will be ready to start. Carburetor adjustments will be initially preset, but due to the altitude level, barometric pressure and air temperature, final idle speed, idle air/fuel mixture and high speed air/fuel mixture adjustments may need to be made after the engine is started and warmed up. It'll have no charging system. Use a remote battery charger to recharge the battery before each pulling event. Add A-1 Miller's custom crank trigger ignition setup for $95.00 - $152.00, depending on type of setup. Stock "Built to the Max" Pulling Engines - built to your pulling association/club's sanctioning rules. Prices below Ê do not include $100 to build a crate and FedEx Ground shipping. You can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. 10hp Kohler engine, Built to the Max. Produces 15hp± @ 4,000 RPM and 19± ft. lbs. of torque @ 4,000 RPM. $800±. Horsepower output and price depends how you want the engine built. 12hp Kohler engine, Built to the Max. Produces 22hp± @ 4,000 RPM and 29± ft. lbs. of torque @ 4,000 RPM. $1,200±. Horsepower output and price depends how you want the engine built. 14hp Kohler engine, Built to the Max. Produces 25hp± @ 4,000 RPM and 33± ft. lbs. of torque @ 4,000 RPM. $1,400±. Horsepower output and price depends how you want the engine built. 16hp Kohler engine, Built to the Max. Produces 28hp± @ 4,000 RPM and 37± ft. lbs. of torque @ 4,000 RPM. $1,600±. Horsepower output and price depends how you want the engine built. Hot-Stock Pulling Engines - built to your pulling association/club's sanctioning rules. Prices below Ê do not include $100 for crating and FedEx Ground shipping. You can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. The Hot-Stock class engines has an OEM Kohler block; runs at wide open throttle (no governor); 9-1/2" 25 lb. steel flywheel; high torque upper mount gear starter (mounting bolts are below the starter motor); A-1 Miller's Hot-Stock/Stock-Altered welded-up and reground cast camshaft; single high performance valve springs; performance valve job with stock size valves; #26 or #30 Kohler carburetor (depending on engine size) bored-out, reworked, set up for gas with bottom adjuster; enlarged ports and polished (where applicable); 2nd or 3rd generation cylinder head milled .050"; connecting rod bored .020" offset for piston pop out with bearing inserts; rotating assembly (crankshaft and connecting rod/piston assembly) precision spin-balanced to reduce engine vibration. Also included are: flywheel shroud (not chromed), cast iron oil pan, bolt-on header pipe and conventional Kohler point ignition system installed with ignition timing preset. Upon receiving engine, install in tractor, add fluids and engine will be ready to start after all connections are made. Carburetor adjustments will be initially preset, but due to the altitude level, barometric pressure and air temperature, final adjustments may need to be made after engine is started. 12hp Kohler engine block. Produces 32hp± @ 6,500 RPM and 26± ft. lbs. of torque @ 5,500 RPM. $2,200±. 14hp Kohler engine block. Produces 34hp± @ 6,500 RPM and 28± ft. lbs. of torque @ 6,500 RPM. $2,400±. 16hp Kohler engine block. Produces 38hp± @ 6,500 RPM and 33± ft. lbs. of torque @ 5,000 RPM. $2,600±. Stock-Altered Pulling Engine - built to up-to-date NQS rules or your club's sanctioning rules. Price below Ê do not include $100 for crating and FedEx Ground shipping. You can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. 16hp Kohler engine block. Produces 38hp± @ 7,000 RPM and 33± ft. lbs. of torque @ 5,500 RPM. $3,000±. 16hp Missouri Super-Stock Pulling Engine (.080" overbore, stock stroke, oversize valves, 1.2" carburetor, methanol fuel). Price below Ê do not include $100 for crating and FedEx Ground shipping. You can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. 16hp Kohler engine block. Produces 54hp± @ 7,200 RPM and 41± ft. lbs. of torque @ 6,500 RPM. $3,500±. 37 Cubic Inch Super-Stock Pulling Engine (stock stroke, 1.2" carburetor). Price below Ê do not include $100 for crating and FedEx Ground shipping. You can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. 16hp Kohler engine block w/stock size valves. Produces 39hp± @ 6,500 RPM and 35± ft. lbs. of torque @ 5,500 RPM. $2,600±. 16hp Kohler engine block w/oversize valves. Produces 65hp± @ 7,500 RPM and 44± ft. lbs. of torque @ 6,000 RPM. $2.800±. A-1 Miller's Fully Computerized Stuska Water Brake Engine Dynamometer (Dyno) Service! For performance testing engines up to 200hp at speeds up to 12,000 RPM. The only engine dyno service in Missouri for Kohler pulling engines! Now set up and fully operational, customers can rent dyno time, fine tune and make adjustments or changes to their engines for maximum horsepower and torque, and print-out the results so their tractor(s) will be truly competitive on the track. Engine Dyno Rental Fee: $30.00 per hour run time from the moment the engine is started. No setup fee for Cub Cadet engines with a 3- or 6-pin/stud clutch driver. An adapter may need to be needed or fabricated for other makes and models of engines. Only engines with the narrow base oil pan can be tested. Engines with the wide base (tall) oil pan cannot be tested at this time. NOTE: The Stock-Altered class engine is very much like the 16hp Hot-Stock engine, except these engines burn methanol, the carburetor is restricted to a 1" venturi with a maximum 1" thick mounting spacer, and is allowed to use a billet cylinder head. The Stock-Altered engine may also have either an OEM Kohler or aftermarket (MSWC) engine block. Other than that, these two engines are basically the same. These engines runs at wide open throttle (no governor); has a 9-1/2" 25 lb. heavy steel flywheel; high torque upper mount gear starter (mounting bolts are below the starter motor); A-1 Miller's Hot-Stock/Stock-Altered welded-up and reground cast high performance camshaft; single high performance valve springs; performance valve job with stock size valves; #26 Kohler carburetor, venturi bored to 1", reworked, set up for methanol with bottom adjuster and velocity stack; enlarged ports and polished (where applicable); billet cylinder head milled; billet connecting rod with bearing inserts; rotating assembly (crankshaft and connecting rod/piston assembly) precision spin-balanced to reduce engine vibration. Also included are: flywheel shroud (not chromed), cast iron oil pan, bolt-on header pipe and conventional Kohler point ignition system installed with ignition timing preset. Upon receiving engine, install in tractor, add fluids and engine will be ready to start after all connections are made. Carburetor adjustments will be initially preset, but due to the altitude level, barometric pressure and air temperature, final adjustments may need to be made after engine is started. IMPORTANT: Click here for proper break-in (wear-in) oils and procedure for rebuilt engines. NOTES: ± means more or less, depending on how the engine is built in accordance with your pulling club's engine rules and restrictions, and if customer furnish some of the parts. Engines are built as customers order them according to their tractor's make and model. I will need a copy of your pulling club's sanctioning engine rules and requirements so I can build your engine so it'll produce the maximum power and still be legal within its class. And a 50% deposit may be required on certain engine builds. Balance due upon completion of engine. And I don't offer any chrome-plated sheet metal or chrome-plated header pipes because these parts are cost-prohibited. Please contact me if you're interested in any of the above È parts or services.

NOTES:

• A general stock engine rebuild includes: completely disassemble entire engine, clean and inspect all parts, bore (if it needs it) or deglaze cylinder, install new piston/rings/pin/clips assembly, regrind crankshaft journal (if it needs it), install new undersize (.010") connecting rod or bore rod for undersize bearing inserts (.020" or .030"; if it needs it), grind valves and seats, install new gaskets with Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant to lesson oil leaks, install new ignition tune up components, resurface cylinder head to remove warpage and restore flatness, clean and rebuild carburetor, clean commutator and lubricate bushings in gear starter and whatever else the engine may need so it'll run well and last a long time. By the way - I've always preferred to use Clear RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant for three reasons: Due to metal warpage (which is unavoidable in most cases), gaskets don't always seal the irregularities and imperfections between surfaces metals, especially thin metal covers; being it's an adhesive, it bonds parts together, forming a leak-proof seal; and being it's clear, it makes for a clean and professional-looking repair job. It can't be easily seen or noticed between the parts.
• The engines I sell are turn key engines. I build all engines according to the customer's personal preferences for non-pulling purposes or to the customer's pulling club's sanctioning rules. "Build to the max" means engine will produce all the power possible and still remain stock-appearing externally. All of the above È will be performed in addition to the mild performance modifications.
• ± means more or less. This means if your engine needs minimal labor and/or machining, the price will be slightly less. But if it needs more than usual labor and/or machining, the price will be slightly higher. However, if it has sustained major internal damage or if it needs additional parts, extensive machine work and more labor, then the price will be even higher. And being I can't see your engine before you bring or send it to us, I can't honestly give an exact quote beforehand. But we'll treat you right and we'll try to keep the costs down as much as possible and still build you a quality engine so it'll start easy, produce full power and last a long time. The ± also depends on your personal preferences, parts needed and/or your pulling club's sanctioning rules. Also, if you wish to furnish some or all of the parts yourself, the price will be substantially lower.
• Before sending or bringing your engine to me, I don't need everything on it. Just the parts that can wear and need rebuilding or reconditioning, such as the gear starter, cylinder head(s), crankcase breather assembly, fuel pump and carburetor. I need the oil pan on it too, to prevent any dust and dirt from entering the crankcase after the rebuild. Please remove the sheet metal, too. I'll need the flywheel on the engine so I can set the ignition timing. Regular shop hours are 9:00 am - 5:00 pm, Monday-Friday, except Holidays. If you are traveling a great distance, it's best to call in advance (573-256-0313 (shop) | 1-573-881-7229 (cell) to make sure that I will be here when you plan to stop by.
• All rebuilt engines returned or shipped to the customer come with a 90 day workmanship warranty from date of pickup or delivery. Technical support comes with part of the warranty.

To place an order, please call or email me with your name, complete mailing address and phone number and so I can figure the total with shipping cost and USPS Tracking. All prices are based on a 2% cash discount. For payment, I accept cash (in person), Postal money orders, cashier's checks, MasterCard, VISA, Discover, American Express and Western Union Money Transfer. (If the engine and/or part(s) is/are for a specific purpose and/or make and model of tractor, your debit/credit card may be charged for the full amount or as a deposit right after your order is placed; please do not send your credit or debit card information in email!) Or you can pay me through PayPal. (My PayPal account name is my email address. And be sure to mention in PayPal a description of what the payment is for.) If sending a money order, please include a note in the envelope with your name, complete mailing address, phone number and a description of what the payment is for. My mailing address and phone number are below Ê. And I will send you the engine or parts as soon as I receive your payment or when the order is processed.

If you bring an engine to me in person, place it in an old automotive tire to keep it from moving around during transportation. And please let me know first so I can expect your arrival. But if you decide to ship your engine to me, I don't need everything on it. Just the parts that can wear and need rebuilding or reconditioning, such as the gear starter, cylinder head(s), crankcase breather assembly, fuel pump and carburetor. I need the oil pan on it too, to prevent any dust and dirt from entering the crankcase after the rebuild. Please remove the sheet metal and PTO clutch/pulley, too. I'll need the flywheel on the engine so I can set the ignition timing. Please send or bring your engine when you're ready to the address below Ê.

To ship your engine to me, first off, do not use the USPS, UPS or FedEx Express! We and our customers have had too many problems with these shippers in the past. Their clumsy "gorillas" or incompetent and uncaring workers have a tendency to damage heavy items, and their insurance never pays off. They claim that the damaged item, which was in their possession, is "not their fault." They are very hard on heavy packages when they handle them. The packages are placed on conveyor-belt systems and they seem to always drop the heavy ones off of the elevated conveyors, which usually destroys whatever is inside them. If you're the kind of person who don't trust delivery/shipping companies (mis)handling your high-dollar and fragile merchandise, you can always make the long drive to A-1 Miller's shop to personally drop off and/or pick up your engine, transaxle, tractor, etc.

If shipping an engine, use FedEx Ground for dependability. The average crated cast iron block Kohler engine weighs just under 150 lbs. Use this web site to calculate the shipping cost for your engine: FedEx Rates and Transit Times. Contact your local FedEx Ground ShipCenter for more details and to schedule a pickup or drop off the crated engine at your local FedEx Ground ShipCenter. FedEx Ground is the only reasonably-priced shipping service that I know of for items up to 150 lbs. UPS, US Mail only ship up to 70 lbs. And FedEx Freight would cost almost as much as an engine is worth. If your engine is too heavy to go with FedEx Ground, partially disassemble it and send the lightweight parts in a USPS Large or Medium Flat Rate Box, and then send the main short block with FedEx Ground. This also works better to save money on shipping costs. You can visit A-1 Miller's shop to drop off and pick up your engine to save on crating and shipping charges.

Do not use a cardboard box alone! Crate it well and any other parts with it securely so they won't get damaged or lost in shipping. A sturdy and well-constructed wooden crate can be ordered from: Crates, Wooden Crate in Stock - ULINE. But to construct your own wooden crate, use 2x2's or 2x4's for the frame work, with 1/4" plywood or paneling as outer covering, and a couple of 2x4's on the bottom so a forklift can move it without damage. Make the crate compact as possible to save on shipping charges and for it to be easier to handle. Fasten the engine oil pan mounting bolt holes to two sturdy 2x4's on the base of the crate securely with 3/8" bolts. Use extra bracing on the sides and/or across the top of the engine if needed to stabilize it in the crate. For easy removal, PLEASE use Phillips head drywall screws or better yet, use hex head 1/4" lag bolts w/flat washers to fasten everything on and in the crate. And be sure to include a note in a sealed plastic bag with your name, complete and correct postal address, phone number, email address (in case I have any questions) and a detailed description of what you want done, how the engine will be used and any other parts you may need. When the work is completed, I'll contact you with the total including return shipping and handling. For payment, I accept cash (in person), USPS Postal Money Orders, cashier's checks, MasterCard, VISA, Discover, American Express and Western Union Money Transfer. (If the engine is for a specific purpose and parts must be special ordered, full payment will be required right after your order is placed or your debit/credit card will be charged for the full amount or as a deposit.) Or you can pay me through PayPal. My PayPal account name is my email address, and be sure to mention in PayPal a description of what the payment is for. If sending a money order or cashier's check, please include a note in the envelope with your name, complete mailing address, phone number and a description of what the payment is for. My mailing address and phone number are below. And I will ship your rebuilt engine/parts to you as soon as I receive your payment.

We prefer to use FedEx Ground (for anything up to 150 lbs.) and FedEx Freight (for anything over 150 lbs.) shippers because they've been proven to be the lowest cost, most gentle and reliable shipping companies. Here's a great web site that calculates freight charges. Go here: http://www.shipgooder.com/ and type in your zip code, our zip code (65203-9136) and the crated weight of a typical complete 10-16hp Kohler engine (145 lb.). Shipgooder doesn't ship anything. It's web site just lets you see the latest cost of various shipping companies. Contact your local FedEx Ground ShipCenter for more details and to schedule a pickup. Or you can use a major trucking company with a good reputation for shipping heavy, fragile objects. Look in the Yellow Pages and ask around. The reason we say this is because we once returned a rebuilt engine that was crated very well to a customer using a well-known shipping company, and it was almost destroyed in shipping when he received it. You'll have better success with shippers such as FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight, Roadway, etc. Freight company employees are trained in handling heavy packages plus they use tow motors to move the freight around, not like UPS or FedEx Express when their clumsy "gorillas" or incompetent and uncaring workers unload and load the trucks. The approximate shipping weight of a crated 7 and 8hp Kohler engine is 100 lbs. And 10-16hp single cylinder cast iron Kohler engine is 145 lbs. Again, if you're the kind of person who don't trust delivery/shipping companies (mis)handling your high-dollar and fragile merchandise, you can always make the long drive to A-1 Miller's shop to personally drop off and/or pick up your engine, transaxle, tractor, etc.

The Reason For Superseded Part Numbers -

When President Nixon was in office, he placed a price freeze on all products being manufactured in the US at the time. The manufacturers couldn't raise their prices even if it cost them more to produce their parts. What happened was the government placed the freeze on the part number of each part. So manufacturers simply gave their parts a different part number so they could legally raise the prices. Return To Previous Paragraph È

To place an order and/or for technical assistance, please contact:

A-1 Miller's Performance Enterprises | 1501 W. Old Plank Rd. | Columbia, MO 65203-9136 USA | Phone: 1-573-256-0313 (shop) | 1-573-881-7229 (cell). Please call Monday-Friday (except Holidays), 9am to 5pm, Central time zone. If no answer, please try again later. (When speaking with Brian, please be patient because I stutter.) A-1 Miller's shop is open to the public from 9am to 5pm, including weekends (except Holidays). Please call before coming so I'll be here waiting for your arrival. Fax: 1-573-449-7347. E-mail: pullingtractor@aol.com. Directions to our shop | 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO - Google Maps or Map of 1501 West Old Plank Road, Columbia, MO by MapQuest. If you're the kind of person who don't trust delivery/shipping companies (mis)handling your high-dollar and fragile merchandise, you can always make the long drive to A-1 Miller's shop to personally drop off and/or pick up your engine, transaxle, tractor, etc. "The road to a friend's house (or shop) is never long."

To place an order, please call the number below Ê or send an email with your name, complete and correct postal address and phone number and so I can figure the total with shipping cost and USPS Tracking. For payment, I accept cash (in person), Postal money orders or cashier's checks made out in my name, MasterCard, VISA, Discover, American Express and Western Union Money Transfer. (If a part for a specific purpose is special ordered, your debit/credit card may be charged for the full amount or as a deposit right after your order is placed; please do not send your debit/credit card information in email!) Or you can pay me through PayPal. (My PayPal account name is my email address. And be sure to mention in PayPal a description of what the payment is for.) If sending a money order, please include a note in the envelope with your name, complete and correct postal address, phone number and a description of what the payment is for. My mailing address and phone number are below Ê . I'll make a note of your order, and I may have to order some of the parts, which should take a few days to come in, but I will send the parts to you as soon as I have everything in stock after I receive your payment.

IMPORTANT - When sending your part(s) to me for rebuilding or repair, package everything securely so the item(s) won't get damaged in shipping and please include a note in the box with your name, mailing address, phone number (in case I have any questions) and a description of what you want done. When shipping heavy parts, it's best to put a slightly smaller box inside a larger box, to double the strength and integrity of the package. Because the clumsy "gorillas" or incompetent and uncaring workers that work for certain delivery services mishandle the heavy packages and don't care. And when the work is completed, I'll either call or email you an invoice with the total including shipping and handling.

To figure the shipping cost, I weigh the package with the parts, then I go online to the USPS Postage Rate Calculator website. I type in the weight, my zip code and your zip code, then it shows me the prices for various ways to ship the package. I always choose US Postal Service because I believe that's the most fastest, economical and reliable method.

Shipping: (United States and it's territories)
To save you shipping charges, item(s) in a package or cushioned envelope weighing less than 13 oz. is sent by First Class Mail for a 2-6 day delivery. Most packaged item(s) weighing over 13 oz. is sent by US Priority Mail for a 2-3 day delivery. To save you even more on shipping heavy items, I always try to use the US Postal Services' Flat Rate Priority Mail envelope and boxes (if the item(s) can fit inside the envelope or boxes). Some heavy items weighing no more than 70 lbs. is sent by US Mail Parcel Post. Item(s) weighing over 70 lbs. is sent by FedEx Ground. Again, if you're the kind of person who don't trust delivery/shipping companies (mis)handling your high-dollar and fragile merchandise, you can always make the long drive to A-1 Miller's shop to personally drop off and/or pick up your engine, transaxle, tractor, etc.

Ship to Canada and Worldwide þüý -
Item(s) in a package or cushioned envelope weighing less than 1 lb. is sent by US Postal Service Airmail Letter Post for a 4-7 days delivery. Packaged item(s) weighing over 1 lb. and up to 66 lb. is sent by US Postal Service Airmail Parcel Post for a 4-10 days delivery. I cannot use the US Postal Services' Flat Rate Priority Mail envelopes and boxes to ship outside U.S. territories. Item(s) weighing over 67 lbs. or more is sent by FedEx Ground or equivalent services.

^{(When placing an order through PayPal, please provide a list of which parts you need.)}

To make a payment to me through PayPal, go to PayPal's secure website ( https://www.paypal.com/ ) and click on Send and Request -> Pay for goods or services. Type in my email address, or copy and paste this: pullingtractor@aol.com, the amount and follow the directions. Be sure to mention in PayPal a description of what the payment is for. After you've finished, PayPal will send me an email notifying me that you have made a payment to me for the product(s) or services and amount entered. Then I go to their website and direct PayPal to deposit the money in my bank account. And I will send the parts to you as soon as I receive your payment. But I may have to order some of the parts if they're not in stock, which should take a few days. In that case, I will send you the parts as soon as they come in. PayPal protects your financial privacy and security. With PayPal, privacy is built in. It's a way for you to pay without exposing their financial information.

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